Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Cyber Crime
1. Avinash Rajput
Criminology 2nd Semester
Lok Nayak Jayprakesh Narayana National Institute of
Criminology and Forensic Science
Ministry of Home Affairs
2. Harmful acts committed from or against a
computer or network
Illegal computer-mediated activities that can be
conducted through global electronic networks
unlawful acts wherein the computer is either a
tool or target or both
Online or Internet-based illegal acts
3. The first recorded cyber crime took place in the
year 1820
In 1820, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a textile
manufacturer in France, produced the loom
This device allowed the repetition of a series of
steps in the weaving of special fabrics
This resulted in a fear amongst Jacquard's
employees that their traditional employment and
livelihood were being threatened
4. The employees committed acts of sabotage to
discourage Jacquard from further use of the new
technology.This is the first recorded cyber crime!
The first spam email took place in 1978 when it
was sent over the Arpanet
The first VIRUS was installed on an Apple
computer in 1982
6. Activity is commonly referred as unauthorized
access to computer systems or network without
the permission of the computer owner/user
Hackers write or use ready-made computer
programs to attack the target computer
Computer hacking includes breaking into a
computer with the intent to steal, damage, modify
or monitor data or settings within the system
7. Malicious software that attaches itself to other
software
Circulate themselves to other files and to other
computers on a network
Affect the data on a computer, either by altering
or deleting it
8. In such crime criminal makes insignificant
changes in such a manner that such changes
would go unnoticed
Criminals makes such program thatdeducts
small amount like Rs. 2.50 per month from the
account of all the customer of the bank and
deposit the same in his account. In this case no
account holder will approach the bank for such
small amount but criminal gains huge amount
9. Theft of software through the illegal copying of
genuine programs or the counterfeiting and
distribution of products intended to pass for the
original
Copying and using computer programs
violation of copyrights and trade secret laws
Retail revenue losses worldwide
increasing due to this crime
are
in
ever
10. It refers to sending large numbers of mail to the
victim, which may be an individual or a company
by ultimately resulting into crashing.
E-mail "bombing" is characterized by abusers
repeatedly sending an identical email message to
a particular address
11. Programs are created to do something only when
a certain event (known as a trigger event) occurs
Secretly attaches another
company‟s computer system
program
to
a
Even some viruses may be termed logic bombs
because they lie dormant all through the year and
become active only on a particular date
12. Any type of fraud scheme that uses one or more
components of the internet such as chat
rooms, e-mail, message boards, or Web sites - to
present fraudulent solicitations to prospective
victims, to conduct fraudulent transactions, or to
transmit the proceeds of fraud to financial
institutions or to other connected with the scheme
13. It is the actual use of computers and Internet
technology to cause intimidation and destruction
uses the Internet or network to destroy or
damage computers for political reasons
Cyber terrorist could hack into a pharmaceutical
company‟s computers, changing the formula of
some essential medication and causing
thousands to die
14. Misuse and illegal selling of other people‟s
passwords
Break a company‟s password and misuse the
password or sale that password to another
company or an individual
15. Identity theft occurs when somebody steals a
personal name and other personal information for
fraudulent purposes
Identity theft is a form of identity crime where
somebody uses a false identity to commit a crime
It involves stealing victims‟ personal information
and credentials, often to make purchases
16. You simply have to type cradit card number into
www page of the vendor for online transaction
If electronic transaction are not secured the
cradit card numbers can be stolen by the hackers
who can misuse this card by impersonating the
cradit card owner
17. Silent in Nature
Global in character
Non existence of Physical Evidence
Creates high Impact
Gain Benefit
18. Computer crime could be committed in privacy
without reaching to scene of crime physically i.e.
no eye witnesses. There is no signs of physical
violence or struggle
19. No national borders. By sitting comfortably far
away from the country the entire economy of the
country could be destroyed. As digital evidences
are fragile in nature one has to respond quickly
20. No physical evidence to indicate that crime has
been committed. Only on a closer look the trained
person could find out the evidences which are not
in the traditional format but are in digital format
21. Impact is severe and may be long term. It can
damage the victim system permanently. Loss of
good will
22. A software developer who did not get enough
money or good job would turn to criminal world
for their survival. Therefore, the computer crimes
have a potential to increase. Hence organized
mafia may enter into this sector
23. Computer as Target
Computer as Tool
Computer as incidental to Offence
24. Crimes which compromise the confidentiality of a
system, resulting in theft of services or the
release of viruses
A computer virus is a self-replicating computer
program written to alter the way a computer
operates, without the permission or knowledge of
the user
Example: Hacking/cracking, computer trespass
25. Crimes migrated from the physical world into
cyberspace
such
as
child
pornography, fraud, illegal online sales
This category include such crimes were either
computers or their contents bare used in
furtherance of crime or those offences which are
committed by manipulating contents of computer
systems
Example: sending e-mails, credit card frauds
telecommunication frauds, identity theft
26. Computer used to facilitate or execute a crime
such as the storing of child pornography or illicit
drug records
This category includes conventional crimes, and
with the advent of computer the criminal have
started using the technology as an aid for its
perpetuation
Example: Aid for drug trafficking, money
laundering, child pornography etc
27. “Hackers” is a term that is currently used to
identify individuals who break into computers
Hackers can be any age, creed or nationality
Hackers have gained a negative image due to
their exploits in the past few years
Hackers may commit their criminal activity for
excitement, the challenge or monetary reasons
28. Hackers tend to be young males who have
extremely high intelligence and curiosity
There has been an increase in the number of
females that have acquired the skills to break into
computer systems
29. The process is based on their experience
acquired through attempting to break into, and
subsequently breaking into computer systems
What this provides law enforcement is a Modus
Operandi (MO) with patterns that prosecutors and
police can use to build their case
Law enforcement officials should establish
databases on the MO of cyber criminals in their
sectors
30. Cyber criminals will typically need to use a
computer network that is difficult if not impossible
to identify
This is done to make it difficult for law
enforcement to identify the perpetrator of the
cyber crime
Cyber criminals will “hack” into a victim computer
or will use cyber café‟s to commit their illegal
activity
31. Hackers will initially conduct intelligence
gathering during the first phase of their illegal
activity
They want to learn network range, extranet
connections, etc
Hackers next conduct network discovery to
identify the number and operating systems of the
target victim‟s computer network
32. Hackers will also conduct host enumeration in
order to identify vulnerabilities that exist of the
system
The computer‟s vulnerabilities will then be
exploited by the criminal
Cyber criminals will also install password
crackers on the network. These “crackers” will
allow them to “break” the passwords of the
authorized users
33. Once the network has been compromised, cyber
criminals will usually install “sniffers” that allow
them to capture user id/passwords and other
sensitive information
Hackers may use stegonagraphy in order to hide
important data from law enforcement personnel
Stegonagraphy is very
automated software
easy
to
use
with
34. Computer forensic is evidence produced by a
computer
which
is
supported,conclusive
(convincing), and sufficient to be accepted by the
court
Computer forensics is the discipline of acquiring,
preserving, identifying and examining digital
media
35. It involves retrieving computer data in order to
meet standards for admissibility as evidence in
legal proceedings
Computer forensic data recovery is the basis for
seizure of evidence in all computer-based
investigations
36. Imagine the following
You didn‟t
information
recognize
critical
evidence
or
You could not locate vital data
You could not use any documents or records
You accidentally destroyed evidence
You now needed to resolve an allegation or an
issue
37. Removable Media: Floppy Disk; Zip Disk
Hard Drive: IDE; SCSI
CDROM
Magnetic Tape
Electronic Organizers
38. Reliability of evidence
Adherence to accepted protocols and practices
Use of proven / accepted software
Ability to testify as to methods and results of
analysis
Trained and
examiners
certified
computer
forensics
Proper training is crucial for testimonial purposes
39. Separating pertinent evidence from non-pertinent
There then must be an evaluation of the evidence
for criticality and usability in judicial environment
There must always be a documentation of actions
taken by the examiner
40. Governments have passed a variety of laws to
address the increase of computer crimes
The first computer crime statutes were passed in
1986
Local and regional areas have also passed laws
to address cyber crime at their level
Local and regional laws generally mirror the
national laws
41. One nation created a Computer Crime &
Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) to formulate
policy on computer crime
CCIPS is responsible for issuing country-wide
guidelines on the search and seizure of digital
data
Each individual Attorney General‟s Office has a
specially trained prosecutor that is responsible for
the prosecution of crimes where a computer is
utilized
42. The Computer Misuse Act (1990)
The Data Protection Act (1998)
Information Technology Act, 2000
43. Use the latest version of anti-virus
Use the latest version of the operating system
Don‟t open e-mail attachments unless you know
the source
Confirm the site you are doing business with
Create passwords containing atleast 8 digits
44. Use different passwords for different websites
Send credit card information only to secure sites
Use a security program that gives you control
over "Cookies" that send information back to
websites
45. Use antivirus software‟s
insert firewalls
uninstall unnecessary software
maintain backup
check security settings
Stay anonymous - choose a genderless screen name
Never give your full name or address to strangers
46. Learn „inetiquette' - follow it and expect it from
others
Don't respond to harassing or negative messages
(flames)
Get out of uncomfortable or hostile situations
quickly
Save offending messages
Learn more about Internet privacy
47. Spam Blocker
Anti-Virus Software
Firewall Protection
Caution in providing personal information
Secure shoping
Avoidence of Scam
