1. PES/ENG/XI/048
• This is Master Version file.-(Frozen)
Words-2475
A Punjab Edusat Society Production
Subject English
Class XI
Module Voices -II
Anchor 1
A very good morning to all of you! Today we will discuss more about voices.
Remember the two ways a sentence can be expressed---- in Active Voice and in
Passive Voice depending on whether the subject of the sentence is doing any
action or not.
Let us recall a couple of sentences.
Active: Man has made the society.
Passive: The society has been made by man.
Passive: The school rules must be followed by the students.
Active: The students must follow the school rules.
Active: Who killed the tiger?
Passive: By whom was the tiger killed?
ANCHOR 2
Each of the four sentences shown has been written in two ways yet they
mean the same. We know that they are in two different voices as discussed
earlier.
It is not just to be able to identify the voice of any sentence, but we should be
able to construct sentences in the two voices on our own. For that we need to
know the voices.
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2. PES/ENG/XI/048
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of the module, learner will be able to
• Identify difference in the structure of the sentences in the two voices.
• Acquire methods of changing one voice to the other without changing the
meaning of the sentence.
ANCHOR 3
Many a times we think that, just by changing one or two words in a
sentence the voice has changed. But that is not so.
Let us look at the table:
Active Voice Subject Verb Object
>
Cats eat fish.
In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb:
Passive Voice Subject Verb doer/agent
<
Fish is eaten by cats.
The structure of the passive voice is very simple:
Subject + auxiliary verb (be/have) + main verb (past participle) +
agent/doer(optional)
The main verb is always in its past participle form. Look at these examples:
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Subject Auxiliary Verb (to Main Verb (past
be) participle)
Water is drunk by everyone.
100 are employed by this company.
people
I am paid in rupees.
We are not paid in dollars.
Are they Paid?
ANCHOR 4
So, when we are constructing a sentence with the verb in ACTIVE VOICE we
have to take care that ….
That the subject is doing the action and there is an object.
Eg. Sub: I verb: am doing object: the task.
ANCHOR 5
While writing a sentence with the verb in PASSIVE VOICE the subject is no
longer doing the action. It is done by an agent and the doer of the work is not
mentioned.
Eg. i. The clothes have been hung by the maid.
ii. The clothes have been hung. (by the maid)
In both the cases the subject “clothes” is not doing any work.
In i. the work is done by an AGENT/ object.
In ii. the work is done by an object who is not mentioned.
This becomes important when we change from one voice to another.
We have to remember that..
1. The meaning of the sentence does not change.
2. The tense also does not change.
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4. PES/ENG/XI/048
3. The subject of an active sentence becomes the object of the passive
sentence and vice versa.
4. The object of an active sentence becomes the subject of the passive
sentence and vice versa.
5. The verb of the active voice takes its past participle form in passive
voice preceded by verb. ‘to be’ or verb. ‘to have’ in the same tense as
the other sentence.
Let us have a look at the table
Subject Verb Object>Agent
Active Everybody drinks water.
Passive Water is drunk by everybody.
Active Mary had done good work.
Passive Good work had been done by Mary.
Active Raj will bring your book
Passive Your book will be brought by Raj.
Active Somebody has stolen my bag
Passive My bag has been stolen. ( agent not mentioned)
Active (You) raise the curtain.
Passive Let the curtain be raised (by you).
Active Who broke the jug?
Passive By whom was the jug broken?
Passive Rules must be followed ?????
Active (All/you/students) must follow Rules.
ANCHOR 6
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5. PES/ENG/XI/048
;' ftfdnkoEhU, s[;h t/fynk fe fet/I verbs ~ Active s'I Passive ns/ Passive s'I Active
ftZu pdfbnk ik ;edk j?. go fJZe wjZstg{oB g[nkfJzN s[jk~ fdwkr ftZu oZyDk j'J/rk.
:kd oZy' id'I n;hI Active s'I Passive ftZu pdbd/ jK.
So you have seen how verbs can be changed from active to passive and from
passive to active. But an important point has to be kept in mind.
Remember when we change from ACTIVE to PASSIVE
The Object of the verb in Active voice becomes the Subject of the verb in
Passive voice.
ACTIVE voice ftZu Verb dk Object , PASSIVE voice ftZu verb dk SUBJECT pD
iKdk j?.
fJ; eoe/ f;oc Transitive Verbs B{z jh Passive voice ftZu pdb ;ed/ jK Bk fe
Intransitive Verbs.
WHY?
feT[I fe INTRANSITIVE VERBS dk e'Jh OBJECTS BjhI j[zdk.
Let us look at the following sentences:
1. Monica eats rice.
2. Monica eats in the morning.
What is the difference?
1. Monica eats what?
---Rice
2. Monica eats when?
---in the morning.
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6. PES/ENG/XI/048
ANCHOR 7
As RICE in 1.answers to the question WHAT it is the OBJECT of the verb EATS.
In 2. the question WHEN and the answer IN THE MORNING is an ADVERBIAL
phrase. So it is NOT an OBJECT.
Bzpo fJZe d/ ftZu okJh;, fJj WHAT ;[nkb dk itkp j?, fJj verb EATS dk OBJECT
j?.
d' Bzpo ftZu ;[nkb j? WHEN :kBh ed'I ns/ ADVERBIAL phrase ftZu fJ; dk itkp j?
IN THE MORNING :kBh ;t/o/. fJ; bJh fJj OBJECT BjhI j?.
Rice is eaten by Monica.
ANCHOR 8
The first sentence ‘Monika eats rice’ can be changed into Rice is eaten by
Monika but the second sentence ‘Monika eats in the morning’ cannot be
changed. Try to do it!!
Let us do some teasers. Change these sentences to passive. If it cannot be done
say NO:
go d{i/ ~ BjhI pdfbnk ik ;edk. fJ; ~ pdbD dh e'fFF eo'.
nkU e[ZM teasers b?Id/ jK. fJzBQK sentences ~ passive ftZu pdb' . i/ fJj BjhI pdb/
ik ;ed/ sK ej' NO
(Give a pause after every questions and the answers are to come a few seconds
later)
Q. I am writing a story.
Ans. A story is being written by me.
Q. The boy will give a speech.
Ans. A speech will be given by the boy.
Q. Raju talks very fast.
Ans. NO.
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Q. Ankit had studied only yesterday.
Ans. NO.
Q. Madhu burnt her fingers.
Ans. Madhu’s fingers were burnt by her.
Q. We all burnt with shame.
Ans. NO.
ANCHOR 9
So keep this in mind students, that only when a verb in a sentence answers to
the question what or who only, then it has an object and can be changed to
Passive. For the rest they are only adverbial phrases.
;' fJ; soK ftfdnkoEhU, fJj rZb nkgD/ fdwkr ftZu oZy' fe fJj f;oc Ud' j[zdk j? id' fe;/
sentence d/ ftZu verb fe;/ WHAT or WHO ;[nkb dk itkp fdzdh j?, sK jh f;oc fJ; dk
OBJECT j[zdk j? ns/ fJ; ~ PASSIVE ftZu pdfbnk ik ;edk j?. pkeh bJh fJj f;oc
ADVERBIAL PHRASES jB.
Let us do a few exercises.
Say which is the object in each of the sentences. If there is no object say NO:
( ans.to appear a few seconds after the question)
1. I bought three books yesterday.
A. three books.
2. Ritesh will throw a party next week.
A. a party.
3. Montu left early in the morning.
A. NO
4. The man paid the fine.
A. the fine.
5. Prateek is an active boy.
A. NO
6. She will go by Monday.
A. NO
Anchor 10
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8. PES/ENG/XI/048
Always remember that the word or group of words which comes after any form of
the verb ‘be’ is never an object, but a complement.
jw/Fk :kd oZy', fe Fpd iK FpdK dk ;w{j fijVk fe verb ‘be’ dh fe;/ th form d/ pknd
nkT[Idk j?. T[j ed/ th object BjhI j[zdk, ;r'A complement j[zdk j?.
Let us now recall something we had learnt in our junior classes i.e., knds of
sentences.
There are four kinds of sentences. They are:
Assertive—one that makes a statement
Eg. The children are playing cricket.
Interrogative—one that asks a question
Eg. Who broke this glass?
Imperative—one that gives commands/orders/requests
Eg. Hang the culprit (order).
Please give me a glass of water (request).
Exclamatory—one that expresses a feeling/emotion
Eg. What a beautiful sight!
ANCHOR 11
Of these, the first three can have verbs written in ACTIVE or PASSIVE voice
after fulfilling the condition of the verb having an OBJECT.
Let us try out a few transformations from one voice to another.
Assertive —Active: Praveen distributed sweets.
Passive: Sweets were distributed by Praveen.
Interrogative —Active: Who will take the responsibility?
Passive: By whom will the responsibility be taken?
Active: Why should the man punish Manu?
Passive: Why should Manu be punished by the man?
Imperative —Active: Raise the curtain.
Passive: Let the curtain be raised.
Active: Please allow me a day’s leave.
Passive: Please let me be allowed a day’s leave.
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9. PES/ENG/XI/048
ANCHOR 12
But where is the subject in an imperative sentence?
One important and interesting point must be noted in the IMPERATIVE
sentence---that apparently the subject IS MISSING. But it definitely is not so.
Actually the subject is nothing but second person YOU. So in active voice it is
YOU ……….. and in passive voice it is ………. BY YOU, both of which need not
be used.
So anytime you need to change from one voice to another in IMPERATIVE put
YOU and BY YOU appropriately and you will have no problem. There are two
ways to change an IMPERATIVE sentence. Look at these sentences
go imperative sentence d/ ftZu subject feZE/ j?. IMPERATIVE sentence- d/ ftZu
fJZe wjZstg{oB ns/ fdbu;g rZb B'N eoB tkbh j? fe gqsZy s"o s/ subject IS
MISSING. go fJj ;gFN s"o s/ BjhI j[zdk. n;b ftZu subject e[ZM th BjhI, d{ik ftnesh
YOU j?. fJ; bJh active voice d/ ftZu fJj YOU …j? ns/ passive voice d/ ftZu fJj BY
YOU j?. d'jK dh jh tos' dh }o{os BjhI j?. fJ; bJh IMPERATIVE d/ ftZu fe;/ th ;w/I id'I
s[;h fJZe voice s'I d{i/ ftZu pdbDk j? sK ;gFN s"o s/ YOU ns/ BY YOU brkU, ns/
s[jk~ e'Jh ;wZf;nk BjhI j'J/rh. IMPERATIVE sentence ~ pdbD d/ d' sohe/ jB.
.
Q. Shut the door.
A. Let the door be shut.
Or
You are ordered to shut the door.
Q. Please clean the room.
A. Let the room be cleaned.
Or
You are requested to clean the room.
Let us tackle some quizzes
nkU e[ZM gqFB jZb eohJ/.
(ans.to appear a few seconds after the questions)
Change from one voice to another:
Q.. The teacher asked a simple question to the students
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10. PES/ENG/XI/048
A. A simple question was asked by the teacher to the students.
Q. The money will be returned by Shyam tomorrow.
A. Shyam will return the money tomorrow.
Q. By whom had the clothes been washed?
A. Who had washed the clothes?
Q. Can you get an umbrella?
A. Can an umbrella be got by you?
Q. Call all the men.
A. All the men must be called.
Q. Please close the windows.
A. Please may the windows be closed.
Q. Let the room be cleared.
A. Clear the room.
Q. The room had been arranged.
A. Someone/a girl/they had arranged the room.
Q. What will be told to Ram?
A. What will you/they/she tell Ram?
Q. Let the best win.
A. Let the match/contest/election be won by the best.
ANCHOR 13
Thus we have seen that the two voices viz. ACTIVE and PASSIVE even though
they express the same meaning in a sentence have their unique characters.
Also we have seen the changes that need to be put in when we are transforming
one voice to the other. These changes are very important and must be kept in
mind when doing the transformation.
fJ; soQK n;hI t/fynk fe d' ntk}k ACTIVE ns/ PASSIVE, GKt/ fe fJZe sentence d/
ftZu d'jK d/ fJZe' wsbp jB, go d'jK d/ nZyo tZyo/ jB.
Bkb jh n;hI fJZe voice s' d{ih voice ftZu pdbD ;w/I ehshnk ikD changes dh b'V ~ th
t/fynk. fJj changes pj[s jh wjZstg{oB jB ns/ transformation eod/ ;w/I ;k~ jw/Fk
fJzBQk ~ nkgD/ fdwkr ftZu oZyDk ukjhdk j?.
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11. PES/ENG/XI/048
We will now try out a few exercises:
Q. What are the main features of a sentence in ACTIVE VOICE?
Ans. The main features of a sentence in ACTIVE VOICE are a. subject b. object
c. verb
Q. How is a sentence in PASSIVE VOICE different from that of an ACTIVE
VOICE?
Ans. A sentence in a PASSIVE VOICE has for its subject that which is the object
of an ACTIVE VOICE.
Q. What are the changes that comes to the verb of a sentence in PASSIVE
VOICE ?
Ans. The verb in PASSIVE VOICE takes its PAST PARTICIPLE form preceded
by either verb ‘to be’ or ‘to have’.
Let’s take up another round of questions:
Change the voice of the following sentences:
(Give the answer after a pause)
Q. The food has been cooked by my mother
A. My mother has cooked the food.
Q. The discipline must be maintained
A. All/people/students must maintain the discipline.
Q. How has this dish been prepared?
A. How has she/the chef prepared this dish?
Q. May you be blessed
A. May God/your parents/all bless you.
Q. Arrest the criminal
A. The criminal must be arrested / Let the criminal be arrested.
Q. The exams will be held by next week
A. The school/board/teacher will hold the exams by next week. NOT
Next week will hold the exams.
Q. Give me the answer
A. The answer must be given to me.
ANCHOR 14
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12. PES/ENG/XI/048
So we end with VOICES today. Please remember that the correct use of voice in
appropriate place makes writing beautiful. So use the VOICES in the right way.
MASTER FILE OF SCRIPT
Subject: ENGLISH, Class: XI
Topic: _VOICES-II
Script ID: __PES/ENG/XI/048
Date of Receiving by PES: __07-12-09
Date of Receiving by Subject Specialist: _07-12-09
_
Name of Subject Specialist: __BALJEET
Tick (√ ) any one of the following:
1. Script is frozen for production.
2. √Script is frozen for production after minor changes done at Edusat HUB.
3. Script need to freeze for production after suggested corrections to be done by
Service Provider.
4. Script returned back for needy correction.
Baljeet Kaur
Signature of the Subject Specialist
Date and Time: 11-12-09, 09:30
Countersigned by:
Dy. Director SISE
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13. PES/ENG/XI/048
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