1. Hereditary Causes of Infertility
By
Dr.Atef Abdel-Hai Khalil Selmi
Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & A.I.
Faculty ofVeterinary Medicine
Zagazig University
( 3 )

2. Morphological features of true hermaphrodites:
1-Phenotypically, those cases were either
feminine or masculine in appearance
(depending upon the dominating sex gonads).
2-Enlarged clitoris and small underdeveloped
valva make the urine directed ubwards in
those cases.
3-Both genital tract were present and
underdeveloped.
4-They are infertile, but some cases may
becomes pregnant.

3. True hermaphrodite (masculine type(

4. No differentiation to the cervix
Enlarged clitoris
Ovotestis
Uterus
U.B.

5. Testis and Ovary
)Ovotestis(
Follicle
Corpus luteum

6. Cup shaped caruncle
Uterine wall
D.D. wall

7. Clinical significance and economic importance:
1-Increased incidence of hermaphrodites
would results in increased incidence of
genetically infertile females that reduced the
fertility of the herd.
2-those polled females giving birth to
hermaphrodite kids should be replaced or
discarded from breeding.
3-Screening polled females against the
presence of H-Y antigen will explore the
hereditary predisposition for such a
condition.

8. 3-White Heifer Disease
1-It is a disease caused by a single recessive sex
linked gene linked to the gene of white color of
the Short Horn Breed.
2-Such gene induces arrest in the development
of Mullarian ducts with different degrees.
3-Three classes of the disease can be detected:
A-Class I: Segmental aplasia of Mullarian ducts.
B-Class II: Uterus unicorns.
C-Class III: Imperforated hymen.

9. White cow of Short horn breed

10. White heifer of Short horn breed

11. Segmental aplasia in the region of Fallopian tube
Class II

12. Segmental aplasia in the region of
uterus and cervix with or without
cystic dilatation of uterine horn.
Segmental aplasia with cystic
dilatation in the region of
Fallopian tubes.
Class I

13. Segmental aplasia in the region of uterus and
cervix with cystic dilatation of uterine horn
Class I

14. Segmental aplasia
with cystic dilatation
in the region of
uterine body and
horns.
Class I

15. Segmental aplasia in the
region of uterine horns with
cystic dilatation in the region
of uterine body
Class I

16. Segmental aplasia
in the region of the
cervix with cystic
dilatation in the
region of uterine
body and horns.
Class I

17. Uterus unicornsClass II

18. Distended uterus unicorns associated with
persistent hymen
Class II

19. Distended uterus unicorns associated with persistent hymen
Class II

20. Clinical manifestation of White Heifer Disease:
1-Ovarian activity is quite normal, but the
developmental abnormalities are detected in the
genital tract.
2-Class I is the most severe class owing to
segmental aplasia of Mullarian ducts that are
associated with cystic dilatation of either
Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and anterior
vagina, with or without persistent hymen
(imperforated hymen).
3-Cases belong to class I are sterile. They develop
regular repeat breeding, but never conceive due
to occlusion of the genital tract.

21. 5-Cases belong to class III can cycled normally,
and develop regular repeat breeding
syndrome, then become anestrum due to
development of hydrometra. The problem can
be treated through surgical interference to
remove the persistent hymen, but culling is the
treatment of choice due to its hereditary nature.
4-Cases belong to class II can pass unnoticed
and cycle normally, but persistent CL can be
formed when ovulation occur from the ovary
corresponding to the side of missed uterine
horn. The fertility in those cases may be
theoretically decreased to 50%.

22. 4-Ovarian Aplasia (gonadless condition)
1-The condition denotes absence of gonads
(unilateral or bilateral).
2-In bilateral cases, the affected heifer is steer
like(…..) and never cycle despite passing age of
puberty. The genital tract is infantile and the
heifer must be discarded from breeding (sterile).
3-In unilateral cases, compensatory hypertrophy
can be detected in the existed ovary and the
heifer can cycle normally, but the fertility is
theoretically decreased to 50%. Detected
.

23. 5-Ovarian Hypoplasia
1-the condition means underdevelopment of the
ovary (failure in the migration of germinal cells). It
is due to a single recessive autosomal gene with
incomplete penetration. Adverse environmental
condition may also affect ovarian development.
2-It may be complete or incomplete and may affect
either ovaries (unilateral) or both ovaries
(bilateral).
3-In case of complete bilateral ovarian hypoplasia, the
affected heifer is steer like(…..) and never cycle
despite passing age of puberty. Both ovaries are
small, firm, smooth structureless, and the genital
tract is infantile.

24. 4-Steer-liked heifer must be discarded from
breeding (sterile). However, those females
exhibiting ovarian hypoplasia in either
ovaries should also discarded (hereditary).

25. Complete Bilateral Ovarian Hypoplasia Showing
small narrow vulva, large prominent clitoris,
prominent tuft of coarse hair arises from
the ventral vulval commissure

26. 6-Paraovarian Cyst
1-These cysts develop as cystic dilatation in the
vestige of Wolffian ducts in the broad
ligament around the ovary.
2-These cysts are either rounded, oval or ovoid
in shape and measure about 2 - 10 cm in
diameter.
3-Adverse effects on reproduction could not
detected in the presence of these cysts.

29. 7-Developmental Abnormalities
( uterus, cervix or vagina )
1-Uterus didylphis.
2-Douple cervix.
3-Douple vagina.
4-Fleshy pillars.
These conditions may be due to persistence of
the median wall of the Mullarian duct in the
region of uterine body, cervix or vagina.

30. Double cervix

31. Double vagina
and
double vulva