This document provides a task analysis for teaching students about simple machines. It contains 4 subtasks: 1) Identifying different types of simple machines like levers, screws, wheels and axles, and pulleys, 2) Identifying the main parts of each machine, 3) Describing how each machine makes work easier, and 4) Identifying where simple machines are used. The document then describes the 6 main types of simple machines - lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. It provides examples and diagrams of each machine.

1. In
Science & Health V
Prepared by:
BENROS A. SAMPILO
Teacher II
Malabago Elem. School
Sta. Cruz North District

2. Simple Machine
Task Analysis:
Learning Competency: Infer that simple machines make work easier and faster.
Subtasks:
A.Identify the kinds of simple machines e.g. wedge, screw, wheel and axle
pulley
B.Identify the main parts of each kind of simple machines
C.Describe how each simple machine makes work easier and faster.
D.Identify activities where simple machines are used.

3. Guide Card
Have you ever tried to
remove the lid from a
can of biscuit? You
know that it is difficult,
if not impossible, to do it
using only your fingers.
What do you think?
Ummmm… Wait!
Let me think of it
Don’t waste your
energy, Kitten. Let
me share to you the
easiest way to open
that can of biscuit
and even make your
work easier with the
aid of Simple
Machines.

4. 1) LEVER - is a rigid bar or rod that moves or turns about a fixed point called the
fulcrum
3 Classes of Lever
A. First Class Lever - the fulcrum is between the effort and resistance (load)
Example: seesaw, scissors
B. Second Class Lever - the resistance (load) is between fulcrum and the effort.
Examples: Whellbarrow trolley cart nut cracker

5. C. Third Class Lever - the effort is between the resistance (load) and the fulcrum
Examples: Spades tweezer broomstick icetong
2) PULLEY – is a wheel with a grooved rim which is free to turn about a fixed point
called an axis. It is used to raise heavy loads with less force quickly.
Classification:
A. Fixed Pulley - the simplest pulley composed of a grooved wheel on a fixed axle

6. B. Movable Pulley - the load is attached to the axle of this pulley. It is movable and
not attached to a fixed point.
C. Block and Tackle pulley - system of pulleys used to lift very heavy objects with
small amount of force.

7. 3) WHEEL AND AXLE - is a rotating level in which two wheels are mounted on the same
axle. The fulcrum of a wheel and axle is located at the center of
the axle. It is used to lift loads with very little effort.
Examples: bicycle egg beaker
doorknob
potter’s wheel
4) INCLINED PLANE - is a flat surface with one end elevated. It is called a ramp.
Inclined planes make it easier to lift or move things to a lower or
higher place.
Examples:

8. 5) WEDGE - is a double inclined planes forming a sharp edge. Wedges are used to split
or pierce materials and to adjust the positions of heavy objects.
Ex.
shield razor knife saw ax
A wedge can multiply force greatly. The thinner the wedge, the more the effort is
multiplied.
6) SCREW - is usually a metal piece grooved in an advancing spiral with a slotted head.
The spiral ridge of the screw is called the thread. Between the two threads
of a screw is called the pitch.
Examples: faucet jackscrew
Parts:

9. Activity Card I
Name the simple machines found in each of these.
1. Scissors 4. Wheelbarrow
2. Stairs 5. Screw
3. Hammer 6. Raising flag

10. Activity Card 2
Classify each machine as pulley, lever, screw, inclined plane and wheel and axle.
Write your answer on the spaces provided for.
1. Toothpick 6. Bicycle
2. Staple wire remover 7. Scissors
3. Doorknob 8. Knife

11. 4. Ice Tong 9. Ax
5. Ramp 10. Electric Fan
Assessment Card 3
Complete the words by supplying the missing letters in the boxes. Use the sentences below
as clue.
1W
2M
3L 4E
5
F
6P
7R

12. Assessment Card I
8T 9A
10P
Across
2 Mechanical device that helps do work more easily
3 Stiff bar that rests or turns on a fixed point
5 Fixed point where the bar rotates
7 Object moved by a machine
8 Sharp spiral edge of a screw
10 Grooved wheel that turns about an axle which is stationary
Down
1 A form of inclined plane used to lift or split objects
4 Force exerted on a machine
6 Distance between the two threads of a screw
9 Attached to a wheel, forming a machine

13. Match column A with B. Write the only the letter of the correct answer.
A B
1. It makes work easier and faster a. wheel
2. It moves around the axle b. wedge
3. It is a twisted inclined plane c. screw
4. It is a double inclined plane d. machine
5. It brings up object as one end is pulled e. pulley
6. It is a hard, strong bar that turns about a fixed point f. thread
7. It is a ramp which is used to lift heavy objects g. lever
8. The force applied to the lever in moving an object h. inclined plane
9. It is the point or support on which a lever turns i. effort
10. It is a inclined plane that sticks out from a body j. fulcrum
of a screw.
Assessment Card 2

14. Write T if the statement is true and F is the statement is false.
1. A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.
2. It is easier to lift the cap of a bottle than to turn it on a screw.
3. When the wheel turns, the axle is just steady.
4. When using a block and tackle, the more pulleys there are the greater
force is applied.
5. A wheel and axle is a machine that reduces friction.
6. Screw may also be used to hold things together.

15. Enrichment Card
1. Why is a machine considered a very important invention?
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2. Name the six simple machines. Describe each type.
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3. List the machines your parents use at home, office or in the farm. Identify what kind of
machine is each.
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16. ____________________________________________________________________
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Answer Card
Activity Card 1
1. wedge/lever
2. inclined plane
3. wedge
4. wheel and axle
5. screw
6. pulley
Activity Card 2
1. wedge
2. lever
3. wheel and axle
4. lever
5. inclined plane
6. wheel and axle
7. wedge/lever
8. wedge
9. wedge
10.screw
1W
2M A C H I N E
D
G
3L E V 4E R
F
5F U L C R U M
O
6P R
7R E S I S T A N C E
T
C
8T H R E 9A D
Assessment Card 1
1. d
2. a
3. c
4. d
5. e
6. g
7. h
8. i
9. j
10.f
Assessment Card 2
1. T
2. T
3. F (when the wheel turns,
the axle turns too)
4. T
5. T
6. T
Assessment Card 3
Enrichment Card
1. Machine is considered a very important invention
because it helps man in making his work easier and
faster. In addition to, machines are used to produce
more products.
2. Six Simple Machines
1. Lever
2. Pulley
3. Wheel and Axle
4. Wedge
5. Screw
6. Inclined Plane
3. Home
1. knife – wedge
2. sewing needle – wedge
3. doorknob - wheel and axle
4. stair - inclined plane
5. bottle opener – lever
Office
1. pair of scissors – wedge / lever
2. puncher – lever
3. cutter – wedge
Farm
1. plow of the farmer – wedge
2. spade – wedge / lever
3. hoe – wedge

17. Reference Card
1. Ecaldre, Felix G., et al. The New Science, Health and
Environment 5. Quezon City: Abiva Publishing
House, Inc., 2003.
2. Fallaria, Rebecca R., et al. Science Spectrum 5:
Work text in Science and Health for Elementary.
Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2004.
3. Llarinas, Jose F. and Emily M. Pelobello. Into the
Future: Science and Health for Grade 5. Diwa
Scholastic Press, Inc. and DepEd (SEMP), 1999.

18. 4. Obra, Leodencio T. and Reny C. Obra. Exploring
Science 5: Quezon City: Saint Bernadette
Publications, Inc., 2004.
5. PELC V. 10: 10.1; 10.2; 10.3; 10.4