2. INTRODUCTION
Transportation simply means movement of goods or people. It is a
major part of our life, which makes life easier for people. In the past,
people faced numerous problems while traveling to far destinations.
In this case, transporting goods and helping people travel was very
hard and was time consuming to transfer one item from one place to
another because there were no vehicles or transport
equipments;which we have today; mostly the transportation of goods
was done by animals. It is transportation, which made it easier to
explore incredible places, to assure more accurate time in relation to
supply of goods and other demands and to keep goods preserved on
its natural life spans. Nowadays, people are able to discover space
by transportation. Therefore, transportation has very essential roles
in our life.
the subject will be limited to ground transportation only thus
excluding aviation and maritime transportation
3. HISTORY
Land transportation is the first category, which is the most common
method of transport. In the past, animals and humans were
carrying goods but as the technology progressed and businesses
improved all over the world, people invented cars which
transporting things become very convenient for people and cars
replaced animals for transporting goods or helping people travel.
Land transportation is classified vehicles moving on wheels like
bikes, motorcycles, cars, trucks, vans and trains. There are two
categories of land transportation: people traveling and goods
transportation. Recently, land transportation is the most helpful and
common method of transportation and people mostly prefer to use
it for short distances. People use cars for various reasons of
activities. For instance, go out with friends, work, university or any
others place. Vehicles have become part of our life and we are
heavily dependent in it.
4. PROBLEMATIC
What are the different kinds of land transportation?
What kind of land transport is more advantageous?
5. PLAN
PART 1 : road transport
PART 2 : inland waterway transport
PART 3 : railway transport
CONCLUSION
6. ROAD TRANSPORT
Road word refers to both a driver specializing in truck
driving over long distances and all that is on roads.
7. ADVANTAGES OF ROAD TRANSPORT:
Door to door service: (road transport provides door to
door service. It can collect and transport the goods from
seller’s ware house and deliver it right at the door step of
the buyer. Such service cannot be provided by other form
of transport. )
Economical for short distance: (road transport is
economical for short distance. Again, the loading and
unloading charges are reduced due to direct transportation.
Where the distance is short, road transport is not only
economical, but also quicker.)
Less overhead cost: The money spend on the
maintenance of roads is comparatively less as compare to
maintenance of tracks along the railway lines.
8. Flexibility: The road transport can operate any time as per
the convenience of the client. The Vehicle can be diverted to
different routes, in case of blockage or accident.
Low investment: road transport requires low investment.
The vehicles such as trucks and tempos cost lesser than
trains, ships and aero planes.
9. DISAVANTAGE OF ROAD TRANSPORT:
Not suitable for bulky goods: road transport is not suitable to
carry bulky and heavy goods, such as heavy machinery. It also
not suitable to carry items of low grades because of the cost
involves in transporting such good.
Uneconomical for long distance: the road transport is
not economical for long distance. If the distance is more than
1000 Kms the vehicle reached to destination after three days.
Breakdowns and delays: because of the conditions of Moroccan
roads, there are often breakdowns. This causes unnecessary
delays in transportation.
10. Lack of informative in rates: there is no informative in
transport rates. This is because; road transport is operated
by private parties. Different rates are charged by different
operators.
Limited protection to goods: road transport provides limited
production to goods from rain, sun, dust and wind. Many
times the good get damage due to limited production.
11. INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT
Inland water transport is a viable alternative or addition to road
and rail transport on European corridors. Though
environmentally-friendly and, frequently, the most economical
mode of inland transport, it remains largely under-exploited in
Europe. Its current infrastructure and legal and technical barriers
hinder use and call for pro-active Government and international
policies.
Inland Water Transport (IWT) Systems have been used for
centuries in countries including India, China, Egypt, the
Netherlands, the United States, Germany, China, and
Bangladesh. In the Netherlands, IWT handles 46% of the
nation's inland freight; 32% in Bangladesh, 14% in the United
States, and 9% in China.
12. ADVANTAGES OF INLAND WATER TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Waterways provide enormous advantages as a mode of
transport compared to land and air modes of transports.
Cheaper capital cost - Nature has already done the initial
engineering work for the transportation infrastructure. Thanks to
this gift of nature, the cost of developing an inland waterway is 5-
10% of the cost developing an equivalent railway or a four-lane
expressway.
This varies a lot, the waterway might be ready naturally, only
ports are needed, or if a canal and locks are needed might be
very expensive.
13. Cheaper maintenance cost - The maintenance cost of an
inland waterway is only 20% of the maintenance cost of an
equivalent roadway.
Cheaper maintenance cost - The maintenance cost of an inland
waterway is only 20% of the maintenance cost of an equivalent
roadway.
Easy integration with sea transport - Inland water transport can
easily integrated with Sea transport and hence it reduces the
extra cost required for land-sea or air-sea transport interface
infrastructure development. It also reduces the time taken to
transfer the goods to and from sea transport vessels.
14. DISADVANTAGES OF INLAND WATER TRANSPORT
SYSTEMS
Low availability of inland waterways - As mentioned above,
there are numerous criteria for a water body to be navigable.
Out of the total inland water body available in the world, only
a very low percentage of it is potentially navigable.
Low speed - Water transport as a whole is much slower than
its road, rail, or air competitors.
15. RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION
Railway transport occupies a significant role in the transport
system of a country because the development of trade,
industry and commerce of a country largely depends on the
development of railways.
16. ADVANTAGES OF RAILWAY:
Safety: The chances of accidents and breakdown of railways are
minimum as compared to other modes of transport. Moreover,
the traffic can be protected from the exposure to sun, rain snow
etc.
Speed: It is a quick and more regular form of transport because it
helps in the transportation of goods with speed and certainty. And
is being continuously improved by increasing train speeds,
reducing the length of their routes, etc.
Capacity: The carrying capacity of the railways is extremely
large. Moreover, its capacity is elastic which can easily be
increased by adding more wagons.
17. Comfort: Trains offer passengers more comfort and freedom of
movement inside the trains’ cars.
Environmental protection: Trains are considered one of the
most energy-efficient means of transportation. To transport one
passenger one kilometer, a car needs twice to five times the
energy consumed by a train. This average increases from four to
eight times in the case of an aircraft.
Traffic jam reduction: Utilizing trains to convey such big
numbers of passengers and high volumes of goods means less
cars and trucks on the roads, i.e., less accidents, less pollution
and less time wasted.
18. DISADVANTAGES OF RAILWAY:
a large investment of capital: The cost of construction,
maintenance and overhead expenses are very high as compared
to other modes of transport. Moreover, the investments are
specific and immobile. In case the traffic is not sufficient, the
investments may mean wastage of huge resources.
Inflexibility: It routes and timings cannot be adjusted to individual
requirements.
Not providing door to door service: Intermediate loading or
unloading involves greater cost, more wear and tear and wastage
of time.
The time cost : It involves much time and labor in booking and
taking delivery of goods through railways as compared to motor
transport.
19. CONCLUSION
Transport is an important part of the nation's economy.It
has progressed at a rapid pace, and today there is a wide
variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. Public
transport still remains the primary mode of transport for
most of the population. Despite improvements, several
aspects of transport are still riddled with problems due to
outdated infrastructure and growing population, and
demand for transport infrastructure and services has been
rising by around 10% a year.Its quite often to think that how
rapidly we had advanced from slow bullock carts to high
speed Bullet trains.
