Combined presentations-womens-health

1. RECOGNIZING OUR
WOMEN
THEIR WORTH AND
HEALTH
2007

2. DIABETES

3. DEFINITION
 A condition that occurs when the body either does
not produce enough Insulin or cannot effectively
use the Insulin it produces.
 This makes it difficult for the body to convert the
food you eat into energy your cells need to survive
and thrive.
 Insulin is hormone that regulates the blood sugar
and is produced by the Pancreas.

4. RISK FACTORS
 A family history of Diabetes
 Obesity/ Overweight
 Hypertension
 Physical Inactivity
 Age
 Ethnicity

5. TYPES OF DIABETES
 Type 1 Diabetes
 Usually occur in children or young adults
 The Pancreas makes little or no Insulin.
 Type 2 Diabetes
 The pancreas makes insulin but not enough
 Common in older adults but young people can
also get it.

6. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
 Feeling tired and weak all the time
 Always thirsty
 Need to urinate often
 Sudden weight loss
 Increased appetite
 Blurred vision
 Numbness or tingling in feet and /or hands
 Wounds that won’t heal

7. COMPLICATIONS
 Damage to heart and blood vessels
 Eye problems
 Kidney problems
 Teeth, gum and skin infections
 Problems with your legs and feet
 Nerve damage

8. MANAGEMENT
 Diet / Eating healthy
 Exercise
 Medication
 Controlling blood sugar level
 Maintaining normal body weight

9.  Millions of people worldwide have diabetes.
Although diabetes is a serious health
problem, with proper care you can learn to
manage your diabetes and lead a full and
active life.

10. HYPERTENSION
OR
BLOOD
PRESSURE

11. BLOOD PRESSURE
 The force created as your heart pumps blood
and moves through your blood vessels.
 Two numbers are recorded when checking
B/P
 Systolic pressure-force of blood in your vessels when your
heart pumps
 Diastolic pressure-force of the blood in your vessels in
between beats

12. When is Blood Pressure
too High?
 High blood pressure is also called hypertension.
 Normal range 130/85
 High B/P = 140/90 and higher
 The higher your B/P , the higher your chance of
getting a stroke.

13. Can you have
Hypertension?
 Do you smoke?
 Do you have diabetes,
heart disease or kidney
disease?
 Do you weigh more than
you should?
 Are you African -American?
 Are you age 35 or older?
 Do you often eat fried,
salty or greasy foods?
 Are you under a lot of
stress?
 Do you spend a lot of time
sitting?
 Do you get little physical
activity?
 Do you have 2 or more
drinks of alcohol every
day?
 Do you often get
headaches or wake up with
a headache?

14. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Usually no symptoms
are present.
 However if the blood
pressure is excessively
high you may note the
following changes.
 Tiredness
 Confusion
 Vision changes
 Crushing chest pain
 Heart failure
 Blood in the urine
 Nosebleed
 Irregular heartbeat
 Ear noise or buzzing

15. RISK FACTORS
 A risk factor is anything that may increase a
person’s chance of developing the disease.
 Different diseases, including cancers, have
different risks factors.
 Blood pressure measurements vary during
the course of the day, depending on your
activity level and even your emotional state.

16. RISK FACTORS
 The following factors may contribute to an
increase in Blood Pressure:
1. Being overweight
2. Excess sodium intake
3. A lack of exercise and physical activity

17. COMPLICATIONS
 Increases your chances of getting a stroke
 Damages blood vessel walls
 Weakens blood vessel walls causing them to
break and killing blood cells.

18. MANAGEMENT
 Control your diet.
 Limit serving sizes.
 Maintaining a healthy weight, or losing weight if
overweight.
 Increase physical activity.
 Practicing moderation if consuming alcoholic beverages.
 Take daily medication if necessary
 Have regular blood pressure checks.
 Reduce stress
 Stop smoking

19. Category Systolic reading
(mmHg)
Diastolic reading
(mmHg
Follow-up recommendation
Optimal 120 80 Recheck in two years
Normal 130 85 Recheck in 2 years
High Normal 130-139 85-89 Recheck in one year
Hypertension
Stage 1 (Mild)
140-159 90-99 Confirm within two months
Hypertension
Stage 2
(Moderate)
160-179 100-109 Evaluate within one month
Hypertension
Stage 3
(Severe)
179 109 Evaluate immediately or within one
week depending on situation

20. WHEN TO SEEK
MEDICAL ASSITANCE?
 Severe headache
 Excessive tiredness
 Confusion
 Visual changes
 Nausea and vomiting
 Chest pain
 Shortness of breath
 Excessive sweating

21. Remember Hypertension
is a Silent Killer!!!!!!!!
 Don’t wait
 Take Action Now
 Confront the Killer
 Learn the facts and
 Follow your plan

22. CHOLESTEROL

23. CHOLESTEROL
 A fatty substance found only in animal
foods.
 It is also made by our bodies.
 Small amounts are needed by the body for
essential functions.
 Excessive cholesterol forms a fatty plaque,
which sticks to the inside of our arteries and
can cause heart disease.

24. GOOD AND BAD
CHOLESTEROL
LDL “bad” cholesterol
 Carries cholesterol around in the blood
 Forms plaque in the arteries
 Increases risk of heart disease
HDL “good” cholesterol
 Carries cholesterol to liver and out of body
 Helps avoid plaque and heart disease

25. MORE FATS IN THE
BLOOD
 Triglycerides
 A fat that circulates in blood and increases risk of
heart disease
 Lipid profile
 Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides.
 Gives a picture of the balance between good and
bad cholesterol and other fats

26. NORMAL BLOOD LEVELS
 Cholesterol (total) < 200 mg/dL
 LDL 0-130 mg/dL
 HDL 33-96 mg/dL
 Triglycerides 40-157 mg/dL

27. RISK FACTORS
 High LDL cholesterol
 Overweight and obesity
 Hypertension or diabetes (type 2)
 Unhealthy diet
 Sedentary lifestyle
 Family history
 More common in men
 Cigarette smoking
 Especially a combination of several of these

28. MANAGEMENT
Eat a healthy diet.
Exercise regularly.
Keep weight in normal range.
If hypertensive or diabetic keep it under
control.
Don’t smoke tobacco.
Get your cholesterol checked at least
once a year if you have risk factors.

29. EXERCISE
Exercise boosts HDL (“good”)
Reduces risk of heart disease
Helps control weight
Helps control diabetes and hypertension
Exercise for at least 30 minutes daily
Choose a form of exercise that you
enjoy and can keep up.

30. Diabetes, Hypertension and
Cholesterol
Benefits of Diet to Your Health

31. Risk Factors
CONTROLLABLE
 Smoking
 Cholesterol levels
 Obesity
 Excessive alcohol intake
 Salty and or high fat diet
 Activity levels
UNCONTROLLABLE
 Genes
 Age (males between 35-50)
 African American
 Pre-existing cardiovascular
disease or stroke
 Kidney disease
 Diabetes
 Family history

32. Benefits of Diet to Your Health
 These conditions are lifestyle related
therefore:
 Choosing a healthy lifestyle
 Changing your diet
 Participating in exercise and other stress
relieving activities
 Reducing your weight

33. Healthy Eating
Diabetes
 Eat 3 meals everyday at regular times
 Ensure all meals are balanced - be sure to add
a protein food
 Eat more high fibre foods
 Limit the amount of high fat foods
 Limit sugars and sweets
 Limit dietetic foods
 Limit salt and salty foods

34. Healthy Eating
Diabetes
 DO NOT skip meals
 When thirsty drink water 6-8 glasses a day
 Limit alcohol intake
 If overweight, choose smaller portions and
portion sixes that will help you reach healthy
body weight
 Keep active every day – have physical activity
as part of your life

35. Healthy Eating
Diabetes
 Manage diabetes by balancing the kinds and
amounts of foods eaten.
 Some foods raise blood sugar
 Carbohydrates – sugar and starches e.g. bread, cereals,
fruits, milk
 Some foods slow down how fast sugar goes into
your bloodstream
 Protein foods: meat, fish, cheese, poultry
 Fats and oils: butter, margarine, gravy, oil, salad dressings

36. Healthy Eating
Diabetes
 Dietary fibre: whole grain bread and cereals, fresh
fruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans
 Other factors can lower your blood sugar
 Activity or exercise

37. Healthy Eating
Hypertension
 Eat a healthy and balanced diet low fat, and high in
fruits and vegetables
 Eat lots of low-fat dairy foods, whole grain products
 Reduce the amount of salt
 Have at least 3 serving a day of high potassium foods
(bananas, raisins, squash, beet, potato, tomato)

38. Healthy Eating
Hypertension
Use fresh products rather than canned,
smoked or processed foods
Drink less alcohol – limit yourself to no
more than 1-2 drinks a day
Practice read food labels

39. Healthy Eating
Cholesterol
 Reduce the total amount of fats and oil in the diet. Avoid
fatty foods and fried foods – bake, grill, steam or boil foods
instead of frying
 Limit egg yolk to not more than 2-3 per week. This includes
egg yolks used in the preparation and cooking of foods e.g.
custards, eggnog, cakes, meatloaf.
 Limit your use of organ meats (e.g. liver, heart, kidney) and of
shell fish (e.g. shrimp, lobster, conchs)

40. Healthy Eating
Cholesterol
 Avoid foods that are high in saturated fat - bacon,
sausages, pastry, gravies, salad dressings, mayonnaise
 Limit use of red meats instead use more fish, chicken,
turkey or dried peas, beans, lentils
 Trim all visible fat from meats remove skin and before
cooking. Pour off the fat that melts during cooking
 Use low fat and skim milk products instead of full cream
milk and dairy products

41. Healthy Eating
Cholesterol
 Include foods that are high in fibre e.g. dried peas and beans,
nuts, whole wheat bread, whole grain cereals especially oats,
oat bran, fresh fruits and vegetables and ground provisions.
 Choose fats wisely - use vegetable oils and margarines that
are high in polyunsaturated fats e.g. olive oil, canola oil, corn
oil, sunflower oil
 Avoid saturated and trans fats – too much can raise your
cholesterol levels

42. Healthy Eating
Cholesterol
 Improving your diet is the most effective
way to maintain good cholesterol levels
IMPORTANT FACT:
 It IS NOT the cholesterol found in foods
that causes high blood cholesterol.
 It IS the FAT in food, particularly the
SATURATED FAT and TRANS FAT that
raises blood cholesterol.

43. THE HEALTHY PLATETHE HEALTHY PLATE

44. Unhealthy eating Healthy eating

45. Relaxation
Check your weight
Exercise regularly
Balance intake with output
Visit your doctor
regularly

46. Summary
 Eat right
 Watch your weight -even a modest drop in
weight can make a difference
 Be active - start a program of light exercise for
at least 30-45 minutes every day
 Lower your stress levels. Practice stress
reduction techniques
 Stop smoking and drinking alcohol