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Papers We Love:
ARC after dark
CTO
bryan@joyent.com
Bryan Cantrill
@bcantrill
Papers we love: ARC
• Discussing ARC: A self-tuning, low overhead replacement
cache by Nimrod Megiddo and Dharmendra Modha
• Appeared in USENIX FAST ’03
• Has been broadly deployed in production — most notably in
ZFS, in at least illumos (SmartOS, etc.) and FreeBSD
• As much as possible, want to let the paper speak for itself —
and provoke discussion!
ARC in the abstract
Introduction
Book of Genesis, 1:1
The Von Neumann architecture
“The Memory Organ”
“Entirely impractical”
The problem
Main themes
Related work: Optimal
Related work: Using recency with LRU
Related work: Using frequency with LFU
Related work: LRU-2
Related work: LRFU
Related work: ALRFU (AYFKM?!)
Related work: MQ
Related work: MQ, cont.
Related work: “Multiple experts”
Related work: Ghost caches
Generic cache replacement policy (?)
Fixed replacement cache
Adaptive replacement cache
Adaptive replacement cache
Adaptive replacement cache
Adaptive replacement cache
Adaptive replacement cache
Adaptive replacement cache
Adaptive replacement cache
ARC performance
ARC performance
ARC performance
ARC performance vs. LRU
ARC performance vs. FRC offline
ARC performance: “Empirically universal”
ARC performance: p over time
ARC: Conclusions
ARC: Endnotes
ARC: Endnotes
ARC: Epilogue
• The ARC is the basis of the cache used by ZFS, with many
enhancements over time:
• Variable sized buffers — though now returning to be fixed
blocks with ARC buffer data (ABD)
• L2ARC to allow SSDs to be used as a cache
• Separate metadata lists
• Compressed ARC
• A challenge has been to make all of ARC variable-sized…
Peril of a variably-sized ARC!

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Papers We Love: ARC after dark