TOUR 7 CHAPTER 3

1. CHAPTER 3
TOURISM PLATFORMS

2. ADVOCACY PLATFORM
• Sees tourism as a good
thing and celebrates tourism’s
positive impacts on the
economy, the environment,
and the society.

3. CAUTIONARY PLATFORM
• Views tourism as a bad thing
and decries the negative effects
of mass tourism that the
advocacy platform has
engendered

4. ADAPTANCY PLATFORM
• Mass tourism has negative
impact but can be avoided

5. KNOWLEDGE BASED PLATFORM
• Views tourism from a holistic
perspective, not just from the
impact and forms but in terms
of functions and underlying
structures

6. SOCIAL JUSTICE PLATFORM
• Embraces “participatory processes
involving open dialogue, resource
distribution, equity, pro-poor planning,
gender sensitivity
• Tourism planners as to be an agent of
positive change

7. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
THEORIES

8. LAISSEZ-FAIRE THEORY
• This is known as liberal economic
theory.
• The government does not intervene in
terms of policy plans, regulations,
guidelines, code and standards.
• It is a game without rules

9. MODERNIZATION THEORY
• Tourism assumes that tourism
contributes to the economic
progress and transformation of
“traditional societies into modern
one.

10. TRICKLE-DOWN THEORY
• Assumes that any form of
economic growth will lead to
improvement of the living
conditions of everybody

11. NEOLIBERAL THEORY
• Government has a minimal
intervention.
• Accepts the idea of government
regulation but rejects government
competing with private sectors.

12. DEPENDENCY THEORY
• The first world countries exploits
the Third World countries
• Third worlds depend on the
developed countries

13. IRRIDEX MODEL
• Theory about the social impacts
of tourism. It states that residents’
attitudes towards tourism will
deteriorate over the period of time

14. APPROACHES TO TOURISM
PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENT

15. NO PLANNING
• Planning is not necessary
• Tourism may not be seen as a
priority industry

16. AD-HOC PLANNING
• Planning only as needed
Ex. Preparing a town fiesta

17. INTERGRATED TOURISM
PLANNING
• Planning is developed and
planned compatible with
existing economic activities
and the values of the local
residents

18. BOOSTERIST APPROACH
• Sees tourism as a positive
force for economic
development. Its primary goal
is to maximize tourism
revenues through mass
tourism

19. PRODUCT LED DEVELOPMENT
“Build it and they come it”

20. SPATIAL PLANNING APPROACH
• It focuses on “destination” layout and design
and breaks down tourism into spatial units:
a. Site scale ( planning at the level of individual
tourism property like hotel, resort, or
restaurant)
b. Destination scale (planning tourism in a
community and its surrounding areas
c. Regional scale (planning level of province,
region and country)

21. DEMAND-LED APPROACH
“Know the customer and
satisfy them”

22. BUREAUCRATIC/
GOVERNMENT-LED APPROACH
• Puts the government at the center of
planning and development.
• Government action refers to infrastructure,
provision, marketing, promotion, education
and research

23. MIDDLE PATH APPROACH
(BHUTAN MODEL)
• Opposite of boosterism is low
volume, high yield tourism .
• Strict control on the volume of
tourism

24. ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH
• Tourism development is endowed
with natural attractions of
outstanding beauty, beyond the
reach of commercialism

25. ECO TOURSIM APPROACH
• Form of sustainable tourism within a
natural and cultural heritage in which
community participation, protection
and management of natural
resources, culture and indigenous
knowledge and practices,
environment education and ethics

26. PARTICIPATORY / STAKEHOLDER
APPROACH
PUTS PEOPLE AT THE
CENTER OF THE PLANNING
PROCESS

27. COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM
TOURISM THAT IS OWNED
AND MANAGED BY
COMMUINITIES

28. PRO POOR APPROACH
• TOURISM THAT GENERATES
NET BENEFITS FOR THE
POOR”
• THE NEEDS OF THE POOR
ARE PRIORITIZED

29. FAIR TRADE TOURISM
• IS RESPONSE TO THE FAILURE OF
CONVENTIONAL TRADE TO DELIVER
SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD AND
DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES TO
PEOPLE IN THE POOREST COUNTRIES
OF THE WORLD