The document discusses arguments on both sides of the abortion debate between pro-life and pro-choice perspectives. Pro-life believes life begins at conception and that abortion is ending a human life, while pro-choice believes women have the right to control their own bodies and make their own choices regarding pregnancy termination. The document outlines key positions such as when personhood begins, women's rights vs fetal rights, health risks of abortion, and religious perspectives from both sides of the complex issue.

1. ABORTION
PRO LIFE VS. PRO CHOICE
Bianca Straub

2. THESIS STATEMENT
• Abortion is a very controversial topic in the world today. Pro-choice and Pro-life
both have convincing arguments. Each side bring up many good points dealing with
religion and rights for a women to control her body. Pro-choice is the view that
women should have complete control of her fertility and if she wats to terminate the
baby, that it should be her choice to do so. Having a child is a personal choice that
affects a women's life greatly. Pro-life viewers believes that a fetus is a person and
should have the right to live. They also believe that life begins at conception. The
destruction of human life is considered ethically and morally wrong. Abortion is
debated heavily and these this PowerPoint gives reasons on both.

5. PRO-LIFE
• Pro-Life is supporting the expectant mother to keep her unborn baby
• Pro- Life supporters believe that from the point of fertilization the baby is a human

7. PRO-LIFE (CONT.)
• There are other options such as adoption or leaving you’re baby at a safe place like a
hospital, fire station, and police station.
• Legal abortions can be dangerous
• An abortion can also result in a perforated uterus requiring an emergency hysterectomy.
• Studies of long-term complications frequently report complication rates between 25-40%

8. PRO-LIFE (CONT.)
• The bible declares that pregnancy is sanctified
• We are made by God; "For you created my inmost being. You knit me together in my mother's
womb....Your eyes say my unformed body." Psalm 139:13-16
• "Speak up for those who cannot speak for themselves...defend the rights of the poor and
needy." Proverbs 31:8-9

9. WHAT IS AN ABORTION?
• Abortion means ending a pregnancy
before the fetus ( unborn baby) can live
independently outside of the mother.
• If an abortion happens spontaneously,
before 24 weeks of pregnancy its called
a miscarriage. An induced abortion is
caused deliberately in order to end the
abortion

11. HISTORY OF ABORTION
• In ancient Greece, Plato and Aristotle recommended abortion in order to avoid
excess population in small Greek city states.
• 1821-America's first statutory abortion regulation is enacted in Connecticut in order
to protect women from abortion inducement through poison administered after the
fourth month of pregnancy.
• The Society for Human Abortion is established in San Francisco in 1963. SHA
challenges the law by openly providing information on abortion and contraception

12. HISTORY OF ABORTION (CAN'T)
• 1967-Abortion is classified a felony in 49 states and Washington D.C. Dr. Leon Bullous is
convicted for referring a woman to an illegal abortionist -- a case leading to a 1969
California Supreme Court decision in favor of the right to choose abortion. President
Kennedy created the Presidential Advisory Council on the Status of Women and calls for the
repeal of abortion laws.
• 1970-Hawaii becomes the first state to allow abortions performed before 20 weeks of
pregnancy, thereby repealing its criminal abortion law. Soon after, New York State repeals its
criminal abortion law.
• 1971- The Supreme Court, in Roe vs. Wade, grants women the right to terminate
pregnancies through abortion. The ruling is based on a woman's right to privacy.
In a separate case, Doe vs. Bolton, the Supreme Court votes 7-2 to invalidate Georgia law
that required a woman to get approval from three physicians before having an abortion.

13. HISTORY OF ABORTION (CAN'T)
• In Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services, a law in Washington State declaring
that "life begins at conception"; and barring the use of public facilities for abortions
is found unconstitutional. It marks the first time the Supreme Court does not
explicitly reaffirm Roe vs. Wade.
• 1996-The abortion debate shifts to state bans on "partial-birth abortions" which
generally include late-term abortions performed with the "dilation and evacuation"
method. 104th Congress passes HR 1833, a bill to outlaw such procedures; President
Clinton vetoes the bill.

14. STATES AND ABORTION
• States have different laws on when a women can get an abortion
• Most states allow women to get an abortion in the first trimester (12 weeks )
and for the women to wait 24 hours after a informational appointment.
• Few abortions are done after 16 weeks of pregnancy, but some women have
to delay the abortion because of trouble with paying for, finding, or
traveling to an abortion specialist.

16. 3 VIEWS OF ABORTION
• The Conservative
• The Liberal
• The moderate or intermediate

17. THE CONSERVATIVE VIEW
• It declares that abortion is never permissible, only required to save the pregnant
woman's life, as in the case of a removal of a cancerous uterus or the removal of the
fallopian tube, or part of it, because of ectopic pregnancy.

18. THE LIBERAL VIEW
• States the abortion is always permissible, whatever the state of fetal development
may be. If women are truly to be liberate, this view contends, they must ultimately
have full freedom to control their own reproductive capacities.
• A woman has the right to control her own body as her personal property within the
context of the right of self- determination

19. THE MODERATE VIEW
• Abortion is morally permissible up to certain stages of fetal development, or for
some limited set of reasons sufficient to justify the taking of life in this or that
special circumstances. As far as the moderates are concerned, the fetus attains
ontological status at quickening or viability. Fetuses have only some rights and have
partial status. In this regard, abortion before quickening is morally legitimate.

20. TYPES OF ABORTIONS
• Medication
• Surgical
• “The Late Term”

21. MEDICATION
• Mifepristone and Misoprostol: a medical abortion procedure used up to the first
seven to nine weeks of pregnancy. It can also be referred to as RU-486, the abortion
pill, and mifeprex.
• Methotrexate & Misoprostol (MTX): a medical abortion procedure used up to the
first seven weeks of pregnancy. This medication combination is not as commonly
used in the U.S. with the availability of mifepristone, which works more effectively
for this use.

23. SURGICAL
• Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA): a procedure used as early as 3 -12 weeks since
the last period. Considered less invasive with only a local anesthesia being used on
the cervix.
• Aspiration: a surgical abortion procedure used to terminate pregnancy up to 16
weeks from the last period. It can also be referred to as suction curettage, dilation
and curettage (D & C) or vacuum aspiration.
• Induction Abortion: a rarely performed surgical procedure where salt water, urea, or
potassium chloride is injected into the amniotic sac; prostaglandins are inserted into
the vagina, and pitocin is injected intravenously.

24. INDUCTION/ ASPIRATION
ABORTION

25. THE LATE TERM
• Third trimester or late term abortions are not legal in a number of states except in
certain medical situations. The time frame referred to as late term is often based on
when a baby is considered “viable” (able to survive outside the womb). However, the
point of “viability” is a grey area in many medical communities. Most medical
communities establish 24 weeks gestation, the later part of the second trimester, as
the earliest time of viability. Therefore, the availability of any procedure used in the
third trimester is based on the laws of that state.

26. THE LATE TERM (CON’T)
• Dilation & Evacuation (D & E): a surgical abortion procedure used to terminate a
pregnancy after 16 weeks gestation.
• Induction Abortion: a rarely performed surgical procedure where salt water, urea, or
potassium chloride is injected into the amniotic sac; prostaglandins are inserted into
the vagina, and pitocin is injected intravenously.

28. OTHER FORMS OF ABORTION
• Miscarriage
• Therapeutic

29. PRO-CHOICE
• Pro choice means that the women have the right to choice weather the to have an abortion
or not.
• Women should have control of their bodies and have the freedom to continue or terminate
a pregnancy.
• Most abortions take place in the first trimester when the fetus cannot live independently of
the mother

31. WOMEN'S RIGHTS OVER FETUS
RIGHTS?
• Women should be given more rights than a fetus as denying them an abortion can
violate a women’s mental integrity, and physical integrity
• A women is a living person and is both physically and mentally developed
• A fetus is not considered a human being scientifically and has no mental features
that a normal living human being has. A fetus is not an actual human being and
does not have any rights under the charter

32. PHYSICAL INTEGRITY
• The importance of yourself as a human being and self-determination over your own
body
• Women have the right to their own health and how they want to be treated health
wise.
• There are many health problems associated with pregnancies and how they are
carried out some are more serious then others

33. MENTAL INTEGRITY
• The right to mental integrity includes the women's ability and self-knowledge to
make the right moral decision
• A women’s identity is the most important thing to her and the amount of control
she has over her body affects how she will be seen as throughout society
• Women's have the right to choose what they want to do with their body and what
they choose id right for their lives

35. POSITIVE REASONS FOR ABORTION
• Teen pregnancy
• About 30% of pregnant teens have an abortion
• Having legal abortions lowers the risk of pregnant women having
unsafe, and unauthorized abortions.
• Not being able to support the child financially.
• rape or incest
• Forcing a women to have a child that she conceived through an
unfortunate act will only add to her mental stress.

36. ROE VS WADE
• Roe (P), a pregnant single woman, brought a class action suit challenging the
constitutionality of the Texas abortion laws. These laws made it a crime to obtain or attempt
an abortion except on medical advice to save the life of the mother.
• A three-judge District Court panel tried the cases together and held that Roe and Helford
had standing to sue and presented justiciable controversies, and that declaratory relief was
warranted. The court also ruled however that injunctive relief was not warranted and that the
Does’ complaint was not justiciable.
• Roe and Helford won their lawsuits at trial. The district court held that the Texas abortion
statutes were void as vague and for over broadly infringing the Ninth and Fourteenth
Amendment rights of the plaintiffs. The Does lost, however, because the district court ruled
that injunctive relief against enforcement of the laws was not warranted.

37. HOW I WOULD FEEL
• As a women in todays society, I feel that my rights are more important than an
unborn child. If I felt that I absolutely had to abort my child, I should have the right
to choose what to do with my body. Although I do agree that abortion is harsh but
if incest, rape, or any other type of abuse happened I should be able to choose if I
want to keep the baby.

38. HOW HAS VIEWS CHANGED?
• Legal abortion rates increased significantly following the Roe decision but have
declined for the past three decades. In 1973, Roe v. Wade legalized first-trimester,
elective abortion and also gave some protections to terminations later in the
pregnancy. Abortion rates climbed after the decision, a trend that had started in the
late 1960s, as states began liberalizing their abortion laws.

40. WHAT I LEARNED
• In 1993 an abortion protestor Michael Griffin shot Dr. David Gunn outside a clinic in
Pensacola, Fla., during a March demonstration. He is later sentenced to life in prison.
• In 1997 Two bombs blast outside an Atlanta building containing an abortion clinic;
six people injured; the clinic is left in ruins and the blast blows out windows across
the street.

41. CONCLUSION
• A Women's Physical integrity means a lot to her, especially in todays society since
people are most likely judges on their physical state. If a woman decides that having
an abortion is right for her, she should be allowed it di so. Women's rights are more
important than a fetus. A women is a fully developed human being and should have
the right to do whatever she thinks is morally right for her and her body.

42. SOURCES
• "Abortion Responses." National Right to Life. Web. 09 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.nrlc.org/abortion/facts/abortionresponses.html>.
• Alcorn, Randy. "PROLIFE: 10 Arguments Against Abortion." Christian Action. Web. 09
Feb. 2011. <http://www.christianaction.org.za/articles/10rguments.htm>.
• Bose, Debopriya. "Arguments for Pro Choice Abortions." Buzzle Web Portal:
Intelligent Life on the Web. Web. 15 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.buzzle.com/articles/arguments-for-pro-choice-abortions.html>.
• "Pro-Choice Abortion." Popular Issues - AllAboutPopularIssues.org. Web. 15 Feb.
2011. <http://www.allaboutpopularissues.org/pro-choice-abortion.htm>.
• "Pro-life." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 09 Feb. 2011.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-life>.