2. Table of Contents
1. Title Page
2. Table of contents
3.Conditional
4. Conditional irregulars
-Perfect Tenses
5. Present
6. Present perfect irregulars
7. Past
8. Subjunctive perfect
9. Tanto y Tan
10. Impersonal ‘se’
11. Saber vs. Conocer
-Los Mandatos
12. Informal
13. Formal
14. Nosotros commands
15.Subjunctive
16. Subjunctive irregulars
17. Trigger phrases
18. Demonstrative Adjectives
3. Conditional
• Used to express probability, wonder, conjecture, or possibility
*when would is used-imperfect is used
Infinitive + =
• Same irregulars as the future tense
• Can be used to make requests – Me gustaría…..
ía íamos
ías íais
ía ían
4. Irregulars
• Caber Cabr
• Poner Pondr
• Decir Dir
• Haber Habr
• Salir Saldr
• Hacer Har
• Poder Podr
• Tener Tendr
• Querer Querr
• Valer Valdr
• Saber Sabr
• Venir Vendr
5. Presente Perfect
• The present perfect is a
compound tense formed with
the verb haber and the past
participle of the other verb.
– AR- ado
– ER- ido
– IR- ido
• True in past and still is true in
present.
• Action was completed recently
• To tell what you have done or
have not done.
He
Has
Ha
Hemos
Han
6. Irregulars
Abrir - abierto
Cubrir - cubierto
Decir - dicho
Escribir - escrito
Hacer - hecho
Morir - murto
Pooner - puesto
Resolver- - resuelto
Romper - roto
Ver - visto
Volver - vuelto
Ir - ido
8. Subjunctive Perfect
• The present perfect
subjunctive is used in the
same types of clauses as
the present subjunctive,
and normally is used to
indicate the action as
completed with verbs in
the present or future
tense.
• You use the present
subjunctive conjugation of the
verb haber + your past
participle
Haya
Hayas
Haya
Hayamos + Participle
Hayan
9. Tanto y Tan
• Tan… como (as…as)
• Tanto… como (as much/as many… as)
• Tan is used with adjectives and adverbs
• Tanto is used with nouns and verbs
• Conduzco tan despacio como puedo.
• El tiene tanto miedo como yo.
10. Impersonal Se
• Se vende fruta en el
mercado
• Se habla Ingles
• Se hizo mucho
• Use 'se' to avoid
specifying a person
who is doing the
action of the verb.
• When using 'se' the
verb is always in the
3rd person.
• Can be used in ALL
tenses.
11. Saber v Conocer
• Conocer is used for
knowledge of people,
places, or literary
works.
¿Conoces el libro All
Quiet on the Western
Front?
• Saber is used
when you need to
state factual
information.
Ella sabe que 2 + 2 =
4
12. Informal Commands
+ Conjugate to the usted
form
- Drop ending add
opposite ending and 's'
--Dop/Iop
--Irreg
+ Habla, Come, Escribe
- No Hables, No Comas,
No Escribas
-- Hablalo, No lo hables
--Di has ve sé sal ten
ven pon * add infinitive
to end: dílo, ponla
13. Formal Commands
+ Yo form, opposite ending
- Yo form opposite ending
--Dop/Iop
--Irreg
*if plural, just add 'n'
+ Hablen, compre, escriba
- No Hable, No compren,
No escriba
– Hablelo, No la compren
– Dé, esté, vaya, sea,sepa,
tenga, venga, ponga
14. Nosotros Commands
• Simply add the opposite ending of the
nosotros conjugation...
• Hablamos-> Hablemos
• Mono Verbs- When making the verb
reflexive for nos you drop the s
Hablemosnos->Hablemonos
15. Subjunctive
• Represents attitudes, uncertain, hypothetical,
will, influence, emotion, or doubt.
• Put in ‘yo’ form, change to opposite ending
• Que- connector to subjunctive
• When no change in subject from clause to
clause, use infinitive!
16. Irregulars
• Car, Gar, Zar- formed same way as always
• Conducir, decir, oir- conduzca, diga, oiga
• Dar-> dé, des, den, demos
• Hay-> haya, hayas, hayan, hayamos
17. Trigger Phrases
Impersonal expressions
• Es bueno que, es malo que, es necesario que, etc. Express an
order, a need, a piece of advice, or a desire.
Expressions of emotion
• Alegrarse de que, esperar que, sentir que, temer que, etc.
Shows fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise, joy, pity
Conjunctions of time
• Use the subjunctive after them after the subordinate clause is
habitual or in the past. Asi que, caundo, despues de que, en
cuanto, hasta que, luego que, tan pronto como.
18. Demonstrative Adjectives
este (this) esta
ese (that) esa
aquel (that over there) aquella
estos (these) estas
esos (those) esas
aquellos (those over there) aquellas
*when used as a pronoun, add an accent, esté
