4. Expected Action: Proto: Protamine sulfate
· Binds with heparin and forms a non-coagulating complex
Therapeutic Uses: · Antidote to severe heparin overdose
· Reversal of heparin administered during procedures
Adverse Effects: ·
·
Contraindications/Precautions: ·
·
Interactions: ·
·
Education: · Administer slowly (20 mg/min or 50 mg in 10 min)
· aPTT levels of 60-80 sec
8. Expected Action: Proto: Vitamin K (Phytonadione)
· Promote synthesis of intrinsic factors and prothrombin
Therapeutic Uses: · Vitamin K deficiency
· Reversal of hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding d/t warfarin OD
Adverse Effects: · Anaphylactoid reaction (infuse slowly in diluted solution)
·
Contraindications/Precautions: ·
·
Interactions: ·
·
Education:
· Administer small doses (2.5 mg PO / 0.5-1 mg IV) of vitamin K to
prevent development of resistance to warfarin.
·
12. Expected Action:
Proto: streptokinase
Others: alteplase (tPA), tenecteplase, reteplase
· Clot dissolution by plasminogenplasmin which destroys fibrinogen
Therapeutic Uses: ·
· Acute MI / DVT / Massive PE / Ischemic stroke (alteplase)
Adverse Effects: ·
· Serious risk of bleeding from different sites
Streptokinase · Hypotension (infuse slowly)
· Allergic reaction or anaphylaxis
Contraindications/Precautions: · Hx of intracranial hemorrhage
· Brain tumors / pericarditis / Recent head or facial trauma / internal bleeding
Interactions: ·
· Meds that enhance bleeding have additive risk for bleeding
Education: · Admin within 4-6 hours of onset
· IV aminocaproic acid for excessive fibrinolysis
· Administer H2 antagonists such as ranitidine (Zantec) or PPI such as
omeprazole (Prilosec) to prevent GI bleeding.
14. Expected Action: Proto: Ferrous sulfate — Others: Iron Dextran
· Increase iron level for RBC development and oxygen transport capacity
Therapeutic Uses: · Treat and prevent iron-deficiency anemia
Adverse Effects: · Teeth staining (liquid) {Dilute / Drink ĉ straw / Rinse}
· GI distress: {take ĉ food if necessary but absorption}
· Anaphylaxis (parenteral): IV is safer / Deep IM ĉ Z-track / Infuse slowly
Contraindications/Precautions: ·
·
Interactions: · Vitamin C absorption but side effects
· Antacids or tetracyclines absorption
Education: · Take on empty stomach to absorption
· Anticipate dark green or black stool
24. Expected Action: Proto: Sargramostim (Leukine)
· production of WBCs in bone marrow
Therapeutic Uses: ·
· Facilitates recovery of bone marrow after marrow transplant.
Adverse Effects: · Diarrhea, weakness, rash, malaise, and bone pain (call)
· Leukocytosis, thrombocytosis: Δ if WBC>50,000, ANC>20,000, PLT>500,000
Contraindications/Precautions: · CI: Allergic to yeast products
· Caution ĉ ♥ disease, hypoxia, peripheral edema, pleural/pericardial effusion.
Interactions: ·
·
Education: · Sargramostim should not be agitated nor mixed with other meds.
·
38. Expected Action: · Expands circulating blood volume by oncotic pressure
Therapeutic Uses: · Hypovolemia · Burns · Adult respiratory distress
· Hypoalbuminemia · Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
· Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Adverse Effects: ·
· Risk for fluid volume excess such as pulmonary edema
Contraindications: CHF or renal insufficiency
Education: · Must administer IV: Slowly using an infusion pump
· Can be administered ĉ whole blood, plasma, saline, or glucose.