2. · Testosterone produced by testes, ovaries, and adrenal cortex. Primary androgen in
both genders.
· ♀: Primary estrogen and progestional are estradiol and progesterone. Both made
in ovaries maturation of ♀ reproductive organs & 2º sex characteristics.
· Menstruation results from progesterone toward end of cycle
· Menopausal symptoms result from estrogen levels.
· Clinical uses of hormone preparations: Hormone deficiencies and oppositional
treatment of hormone-dependent cancers.
· Postmenopausal HRT: Benefits include vasomotor symptom relief and prevention
of osteoporosis. Risks include embolic events and cancers.
· Oral contraceptives suppress ovulation using ethinyl, estradiol, and
norethindrone
· OC risks are minimal except in smokers and those with Hx of embolic events.
· Oxytocics are uterine stimulants used to induce or assist labor; Tocolytics are
used to delay preterm labor.
10. Expected Action:
Proto: conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin)
Others: estradiol (Estrace), estradiol hemihydrate (Vagifem)
· Growth and maturation of ♀ reproductive tract and 2º sex characteristics. They
bone resorption and LDL. At high levels they suppress release of FSH.
Therapeutic Uses: · Dysfunctional uterine bleeding & endometriosis
· Postmenopausal symptoms & osteoporosis · Prostate cancer · Contraception
Adverse Effects: · Risk for estrogen-dependent breast cancer
· Prolonged estrogen endometrial / ovarian cancers (Give progestins, too)
· Emboli ( risk from smoking) · Feminization, impotence, libido in ♂
Contraindications/Precautions: ♀ (X) · Pregnancy · Breast cancer
· Risk of thromboembolic disease · Pt. or family Hx of heart disease
Interactions: · Estrogens η of warfarin · Phenytoin toxicity
Education: · IM deep into large muscle mass · Apply patches to trunk
14. Expected Action: Proto: Ovcon 35 — Others: Necon, ortho-novum
· fertility by inhibiting ovulation, thickening cervical mucous, and making
lining of endometrium less favorable to implantation.
Therapeutic Uses: · Prevent pregnancy
Adverse Effects: · Hypertension · Thromboembolic events
· Breakthrough or abnormal uterine bleeding · Cervical cancer
Contraindications/Precautions: ♀ (X) · Pregnancy
· Hx of thrombophlebitis and cardiovascular events · Smoker > 35
· Family history or risk factors for breast cancer
Interactions: · OC η of warfarin and oral hypoglycemics
· Carbamazepine (Tegretol), phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin), rifampin,
tetracycline, penicillin all η of oral contraceptives.
Education: · Take for 21 days followed by 7 days with no drug
· 1 missed dose: Take 2 next time / 2 missed doses: double-up x 2 days