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Lss module 2 chpt 6 water, solution, suspension
1.
Module 2: Matter Around
Us Chapter 6 Water, Solutions And Suspensions 1© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd
2.
Chapter 6 Water,
Solutions And Suspensions 6.1 What are Solutions and Suspensions? 6.2 Why is water a universal solvent? 6.3 What are the factors that affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent? 6.4 What are the factors that affect the rate of dissolving? 6.5 What are Acids and Alkalis? 2© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd
3.
Objectives Explain what
is meant by the terms solute, solvent and solution Give examples of uses of solvents and solutions at home, in industries and in medicine Deduce the nature of solutions and suspension by simple laboratory tests (e.g. passing a beam of light, filtering using filter paper) 3© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd
4.
What is a
solution? A solution is a liquid mixture. In the salt solution, salt is called the solute and water is called the solvent. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 4
5.
Sugar solution solution =
solute + solvent When sugar is added to water and stirred, the solid sugar is the solute and it dissolves in water as the solvent and forms a sugar solution. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 5
6.
Copper(II) sulfate solution
If the solute is coloured, for example, copper(II) sulfate, then the solution produced will be clear and coloured as shown. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 6
7.
Properties of solutions
Solutions are homogeneous. This means that the colour, physical and chemical properties are the same throughout the solution. Solutions will not separate back into the solute and solvent even if they are left to stand. When filtered, the solution will pass through the filter paper completely. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 7
8.
What is a
suspension? When a solid does not dissolve in a liquid, a suspension is formed. For example, sand cannot dissolve in water. Muddy water containing sand is an example of a suspension. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 8 talcum powder suspended in watersand is not soluble in the water
9.
Properties of suspensions
When a solid cannot dissolve in a liquid, the mixture formed will look cloudy. Muddy water looks cloudy. When left to stand, the sand will sink to the bottom, resulting in a clear layer of water above. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 9
10.
Properties of suspensions
Suspensions are non-homogeneous. This means that the colour, physical and chemical properties are not the same throughout the suspension. The insoluble solids will settle to the bottom of the solvent when left to stand. When filtered, the insoluble solids will remain on the filter paper. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 10
11.
Differences between solutions and
suspensions © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 11 Activity Book Link Activity 6.1 Physical Properties of Solutions and Suspensions
12.
Differences between solutions and
suspensions © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 12
13.
Chapter 6 Water,
Solutions And Suspensions 6.1 What are Solutions and Suspensions? 6.2 Why is water a universal solvent? 6.3 What are the factors that affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent? 6.4 What are the factors that affect the rate of dissolving? 6.5 What are Acids and Alkalis? 13© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd
14.
Objectives Recognise that
water dissolves many substances 14© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd
15.
Water is as
a solvent Water is a very good solvent as it can dissolve many substances such as sugar, salt, alcohol and soluble food substances. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 15 water used to make souptable salt and sugar are water soluble
16.
Water is as
a solvent Water makes up almost 90% of our body mass. Much of these are found as water in blood. Water is important to our body because it helps to dissolve and transport mineral salts, food and gases to various parts of our body. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 16 a vitamin C tablet dissolves in water Activity Book Link Activity 6.2 Water as a Solvent
17.
Use of Solvents
and Solutions Solutions and solvents are very useful at home, in industries, agriculture and medicine. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 17 Hydroponics is a technique of growing plants in water without soil. The nutrients are dissolved in water and the plants absorb the nutrients through their roots.
18.
Use of Solvents
and Solutions © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 18
19.
Use of Solvents
and Solutions © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 19
20.
Chapter 6 Water,
Solutions And Suspensions 6.1 What are Solutions and Suspensions? 6.2 Why is water a universal solvent? 6.3 What are the factors that affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent? 6.4 What are the factors that affect the rate of dissolving? 6.5 What are Acids and Alkalis? 20© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd
21.
Objectives Investigate the
factors that affect the solubility of materials (e.g. type of solute/solvent, temperature). 21© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd
22.
Solubility of a
substance The solubility of a substance is the maximum amount of the substance that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent (e.g. 100 cm3 of water) at a given temperature (e.g. 25°C). Different types of solids will have different solubilities in a solvent. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 22
23.
Solubilities of some
common substances © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 23
24.
Factors affecting solubility
The solubility of substances is affected by the type of solute. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 24 more salt can dissolve in 100cm3 of water than baking soda
25.
Factors affecting solubility
The solubility of substances is affected by the type of solvent. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 25 more iodine dissolves in alcohol than in water
26.
Factors affecting solubility
The solubility of substances is affected by the temperature. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 26 more salt dissolves in hot water than in water at room temperature Activity Book Link Activity 6.3 Factors Affecting the Amount of Substance that can Dissolve in a Fixed Amount of Water
27.
Chapter 6 Water,
Solutions And Suspensions 6.1 What are Solutions and Suspensions? 6.2 Why is water a universal solvent? 6.3 What are the factors that affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent? 6.4 What are the factors that affect the rate of dissolving? 6.5 What are Acids and Alkalis? 27© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd
28.
Objectives Investigate the
factors that affect the rate of dissolving (e.g. temperature, surface area, stirring). 28© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd
29.
Factors Affecting the
Rate of Dissolving of Substances Which of the following cups of coffee will dissolve faster? © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 29
30.
Factors Affecting the
Rate of Dissolving of Substances Which of the following cups of coffee will dissolve faster? © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 30
31.
Factors Affecting the
Rate of Dissolving of Substances Which of the following cups of coffee will dissolve faster? © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 31 Activity Book Link Activity 6.4 Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolving of Substances
32.
What is the
rate of dissolving ? The rate of dissolving is a measure of how fast a solute can dissolve completely in a solvent. The rate of dissolving a solute in a solvent depends on the following factors: (a) Temperature of solvent (b) Surface area of solute (c) Rate of stirring © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 32
33.
Temperature of solvent
Heating a solution increases the rate of dissolving. For example, hot water dissolves sugar faster than cold water. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 33
34.
Surface area of
solute Breaking the solute into smaller pieces increases the rate of dissolving as the total surface area of the solid is increased. For example, fine sugar powder dissolves faster than rock sugar blocks. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 34
35.
Rate of stirring
A greater amount of solute can dissolve in a solvent if the mixture is stirred faster. For example, stirred coffee powder dissolves faster than if it was not stirred. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 35
36.
Chapter 6 Water,
Solutions And Suspensions 6.1 What are Solutions and Suspensions? 6.2 Why is water a universal solvent? 6.3 What are the factors that affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent? 6.4 What are the factors that affect the rate of dissolving? 6.5 What are Acids and Alkalis? 36© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd
37.
Objectives Describe acidity,
neutrality and alkalinity in terms of the pH scale (whole numbers only) Show an understanding that indicators are substances that change colour when an acid or alkali is added to them Investigate the effect of acidic, alkaline and neutral solutions on indicators (Universal and litmus indicators) 37© Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd
38.
Acids and Alkalis
Two common chemicals are acids and alkalis which are both solutions. Acids are sour in taste. Examples of household items that contain acids are lemon juice and © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 38 vinegar is an example of a food acid
39.
Alkalis Alkalis are
bitter in taste. Alkalis belong to a larger group of chemicals known as bases. Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water. Detergents and baking powder can dissolve in water to form alkalis. © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 39 soap solution is a natural alkali
40.
Using Indicators Indicators
are used to find out if a solution is an acid or an alkali. Two common indicators are: (a) Litmus paper (b) Universal indicator © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 40 litmus solution
41.
Litmus paper A
blue litmus paper turns red when placed in an acid A red litmus paper turns blue when placed in an alkali © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 41
42.
Universal indicator © Copyright
Star Publishing Pte Ltd 42 the universal indicator can tell us how acidic or alkaline the solution is through its range of colours
43.
Universal indicator The
colours of the universal indicator can be compared against a pH colour chart with pH values. The pH value ranges from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most alkaline). © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 43
44.
pH Acids have
a pH value less than 7 while alkalis have a pH value greater than 7. A solution with a pH value of 7 is described as neutral (neither acidic nor alkaline). © Copyright Star Publishing Pte Ltd 44 Activity Book Link Activity 6.5 Identifying Acidic, Alkaline and Neutral Solutions
45.
© Copyright Star
Publishing Pte Ltd 45
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