This document describes the design and implementation of an efficient codec using a forbidden pattern free (FPF) and Fibonacci-based number system (FNS) for bus encoding. It discusses the specification of generating a 32-bit Fibonacci series and detecting forbidden patterns like 101 and 010. The codec consists of an encoder that encodes data using the FPF-FNS approach and a decoder that decodes the encoded data. Simulation results show that this codec design increases speed by over 2.5 times compared to traditional approaches by avoiding crosstalk and glitches through the use of the Fibonacci encoding scheme and forbidden pattern detection.

1. Under the guidence of
Mr S.Edukondalu
(Asst Prof)
Presented By
K.BHARATH NAIDU K.KRANTHIKUMAR
(11GE1A0438) (11GE1A0439)
Dept of ECE Dept of ECE

2. OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 SPECIFICATION
 CODEC
 CODEC DESCRIPTION
 1) ENCODING
2) DECODING
 DETECTION OF FORBIDDEN PATTERN
 GENERATION OF FIBONACCI SERIES
CROSSTALK &RAISING OF GLITCH
 PROPOSED SOLUTIONS
 FINITE STATE MACHINE
 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

3. •Integrated Circuit(IC) design has seen a revolutionary
progress in the past two decades with shrinking sizes of
VLSI fabrication processes.
• This has an advantage of fabricating millions of
transistors in a single chip IC. This paper focuses on
design and implementation of an efficient CODEC which
uses Forbidden Pattern Free (FPF), Fibonacci based
Number System (FNS) for bus encoding. Our approach
of CODEC design greatly increases the speed
(approximately greater than 2.5 times)

4. SPECIFICATION
 Design of Fibonacci series generation for 32-bit
system
 Detection of Forbidden patterns like 101 & 010 in
series patterns

5. What is a Codec ?
 Codec stands for encoder/Decoder or
Compressor/De-compressor
 It is a software or hardware that compresses and
decompresses audio, video data & text streams.
 Codec are of two types (lossy and lossless)

6. Text Codec's
 A Text Codec is a function that transforms text
into (when encoding) or out of (when decoding)
another kind of representation. Usually, the most
human-readable representation is said to be
"decoded".
 "Encoders" will turn the (selected or whole) text
into something less readable, "Decoders" try to
revert those effects as good as possible.

7. Codec(encoder)
 An encoder is a device, circuit, transducer,
software program, algorithm or person that
converts information from one format or code to
another, for the purposes of standardization,
speed, secrecy, security or compressions

8. Codec(decoder)
 A decoder is a device which does the reverse
operation of an encoder undoing the encoding so
that the original information can be retrieved.

9. CROSSTALK
 It is a phenomenon by which a signal transmitted on one
circuit or channel of a transmission system creates an
undesired effect in another circuit
Glitch

10. Proposed solutions
Solutions for crosstalk
physical methods logical methods
Shielding
process
Moving a
part
Fib ionic
series
Forbidden
pattern

11. FORBIDDEN PATTERN
 The series of numbers 101 and 010 are represents Forbidden
series pattern is actually nothing but the continuous change in
the inputs given
 i.e. it consists of two pattern in binary system
(101 & 010)
 Let us take an example 10100111001

12. FIBONACCI SERIES
 By definition, the first two numbers in the Fibonacci or
fib-ionic sequence are 1 and 1, or 0 and 1, depending on
the chosen starting point of the sequence, and each
subsequent number is the sum of the previous two.

13. A FINITE-STATE MACHINE (FSM) OR
FINITE-STATE AUTOMATON
 It is a simply a state machine, is a mathematical model
of computation used to design both computer
programs and sequential logic circuits. In control
applications, two types are distinguished
 1) Meelay FSM
 2) Moore FSM

14. Moore machine
 The FSM uses only entry actions, i.e., output depends only
on the state. The advantage of the Moore model is a
simplification of the behaviour.
The state transition
diagram
The total number of
states in the Moore
state are been
represented by n states

15. Mealy machine:
 The FSM uses only input actions, i.e., output depends
on input and state. The use of a Mealy FSM leads
often to a reduction of the number of states

16. FORBIDDEN SERIES DETECTIONAND
FIBONACCI SERIES GENERATION
 The block diagram of the combination of both (FSP) & (FPF)
The input (forbidden series ) is been given to the
Fibonacci generator ..if the output is correct it is send to the
acknowledgement..or else if the glitch is formed then the
pattern is resend through as input up till the acknowledgement
is formed

17. Functional Simulation
Generation of forbidden series
Generation of Fibonacci series

18. Synthesis report

19. Conclusion
 Design of CODEC by Forbidden pattern detection
in Fib ionic series
 For fib ionic series generation we used
behavioural modelling
 For forbidden pattern generation we used FSM-
Mealy state machine
Future Scope
Design of video & audio – codec for crosstalk
avoidance