Biomass gasification is a process of converting solid biomass fuel into a gaseous combustible gas (called producer gas) through a sequence of thermo-chemical reactions.

1. Presented by
Solanki Bhavesh
1

2. • Biomass is versatile energy source.
• Biomass includes organic matter like trees,
timber waste, rice hulls, wood chips, peanut
shells, corn, grass clippings, sugar cane,
municipal solid waste, manure, etc.
• Biomass doesn’t include animal and plant
matter that has been converted in to fossil fuels
like coal or oil.
• Biomass is renewable source of energy.
2

3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_development#/media/File:Total_World_Energy_Consumption_by_Source_2010.png
3

4. • Total installed capacity =263.66 GW
• Renewable capacity= 34.35 GW(13% of total &
7% of electricity produced)
Source: MNRE, GOI ; CEA Statistics GEF National Workshop in India ,MNRE
4

5. Source: http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2014-2015/EN/Chapter%201/chapter_1.htm 5

6. Source: http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2014-2015/EN/Chapter%201/chapter_1.htm
6

7. Source: http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2014-2015/EN/Chapter%201/chapter_1.htm
7

8. Source: http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2014-2015/EN/Chapter%201/chapter_1.htm
8

9. Source: http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2014-2015/EN/Chapter%201/chapter_1.htm
9

10. Source: http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2014-2015/EN/Chapter%201/chapter_1.htm 10

11. • 1. Biochemical
- Fermentation
- Biogas
• 2. Thermochemical
- Direct combustion
- Pyrolysis
- Gasification
- Liquefaction
• 3. Electrochemical
- Direct carbon fuel cell
- Direct ethanol fuel cell
11

12. “ The word gasification implies converting a
solid or liquid in to gaseous fuel without leaving
any solid carbonaceous residue.”
Gasifier: An equipment which is use for gasify a
variety of biomass .
• Gas produce by gasification containing 950-
1200 kcal/𝑚3.
• Thermochemical process like drying, pyrolysis,
oxidation, reduction.
12

13. • Percentage of gas composition in producer gas
Source: Non- conventional energy sources by G.D.Rai
• Gasification never produced 𝑆𝑂𝑥 ,𝑁𝑂𝑥 and also
gasification itself to efficient 𝐶𝑂2 removal because
of high temperature and pressure.
Gases Percentage
CO 8-20
H2 13-19
CH4 1-5
Heavier hydrocarbons 0.2-0.4
CO2 9-12
N2 45-55
Water vapour 4
13

14. 1. Dehydration:
- around 100 °C
- drying process
2. Pyrolysis:
- around 200 -300 °C
- volatiles are released & Char produced
- 70% weight loss
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pyrolysis.svg
14

15. 3. Combustion:
- around 900 °C
- Combustion of Char is exothermic
C + O2 CO2 (+ 393 MJ/kg mole)
2H2 + O2 2H2O (- 242 MJ/kg mole)
4. Reduction:
- Endothermic
- ability to reduce gas temperature
C + CO2 2CO (- 164.9 MJ/kg mole)
C +H2O CO + H2 (- 122.6 MJ/kg mole)
15

16. 1.As per position of inlet and outlet
Up draft Cross draft Down draft
Source : http://www.oil-gasportal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Immagine41.png 16

17. 2. Based on types of bed :
a. Fixed bed
b. Fluidised bed
3.As per output power :
a. Small size(up 10 kW)
b. Medium size(10 – 50 kW)
c. Large size (50 – 300 kW)
d. very large (above 300 kW)
17

18. • At low power level it is an alternative to fossil fuel
based power plants.
• Efficiency is very high compare to other renewable
sources.
• 𝐶𝑂2 Neutral , produce very small amount of
𝑆𝑂2 & 𝑁𝑂𝑥 compare to fossil fuel.
• Reduces crippling oil import bill and Improves
Country's energy self reliance.
• Cost of produce one unit is lower compare to other
and installed cost similar to other.
18

19. • Gasification offers high flexibility in terms of
various biomass material as a feedstock.
• Producer gas can use to run Engine or Generator to
produce mechanical power or electricity.
• Engines operating on a spark ignition
system(petrol engines) can be run entirely on
producer gas, whereas those using compression
ignition system(diesel engines) can be made to
operate with about 60-80% fuel oil replacement by
the gas.
• But first requirement is to remove tar from
producer gas.
19

20. • In India there are many villages and rural area those
are un electrified.
• All villages are produce sufficient amount of
biomass for electrified whole village using biomass
gasifier.
• And cost of electricity produce by gasification is
also low. If we transmit using wire then cost per
unit is also increase.
20

21. • For home lighting, , street lighting, rural
industries, water pumping electricity required.
• For one village 10 kWe to 100 kWe power
required depending upon size of village.
• Generation cost : Rupees 1.70-2.00 per unit of
electricity. whereas the cost of grid based
electricity is around rupees 5.00.
• Capital cost of biomass gasifier : Rupees
55,000/- per kWe.
• Payback time : 4-5 years
21

22. Input Per Unit
Raw material wood (Rs 1/Kg) 1.20
Lube oil 0.10
Labour 0.20
Maintenance 0.20
Miscellaneous 0.30
Total 2.00
Cost of one unit generally 4.50
Saving per unit 2.50
Source: VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION THROUGH BIOMASS GASIFIER by Aruna Electrical Works (P) Ltd., Tamil
Nadu – 605 105, India 22

23. • About 150MW equivalent biomass gasifier systems
have been set up for grid and off grid projects.
• More than 300 rice mills and other industries are
using gasifier system for meeting captive power and
thermal application.
• In addition about biomass gasifier 70 systems are
providing electricity to more than 230 villages in the
India.
Source :Ministry of new and renewable energy/ annual report 2014-2015 23

24. • Fuel requirement for 1 kW generation is
around 1.0 to 1.3 kg of biomass depending on
the moisture content, calorific value, ash
content etc.
• For 100 kW and 300kW system annually
requirement is 850 MT and 2550 MT
respectively.
• That much amount of biomass not available
from one place and agriculture activity can’t
produce whole year.
24

25. • Lack of technology Development and we have
other alternative.
• Safety devices required when we use in
residential area because CO is explosive.
• Market barriers
• Storage of producer gas is difficult
25

26. • Betul District , MP
• 55 house with population 392.
• 2×9 kWe biomass Gasifier
• Per day 5 hour supply electricity, total 40 units
generate . Per month 1200 units.
26

27. Sr.
No.
Description Cost(Rs)
1 Cost of biomass per kg 0.5
2 Contribution per family for electricity uses(per
family Rs.120)
6600
3 Cost of labour (Rs 3*1000) 3000
4 Cost of diesel and oil per month(for black start
only)
500
5 Total operation cost 4550
6 Unit power generation cost 3.79
Source : Case Studies on Small Scale Biomass Gasifier Based Decentralized Energy Generation Systems by G. Sridhar, H .V.
Sridhar, Basawaraj, M. S. Sudarshan, H. I. Somsekhar, S. Dasappa, P. J. Paul
27

28. • Delta region of Sunderbans.
• 80 km south west of Kolkata.
• 5 × 100 kWe biomass gasifier duel fuel power
generation system (70% biomass + 30% diesel)
in 1997.
• Currently more 1150 households are connected.
• Operating 15 hours in a day.
• Island developed dramatically after power
station installed.
• More power plants also installed.
28

29. • Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Rural Energy and
Development.
• The institute has installed various renewable energy
technologies for demonstration purpose.
• One is 5 kW biomass gasifier operate on dual fuel mode
(70% gas + 30% diesel).
• Currently utilize for electrifying the institute during working
hours(6 to 8 hours).
29

30. Source : Case Studies on Small Scale Biomass Gasifier Based Decentralized Energy Generation Systems by G. Sridhar, H .V.
Sridhar, Basawaraj, M. S. Sudarshan, H. I. Somsekhar, S. Dasappa, P. J. Paul
30

31. 1 . http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2014-
2015/EN/Chapter%201/chapter_1.htm
2. MNRE, GOI ; CEA Statistics GEF National Workshop in India ,MNRE
3. https ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pyrolysis.svg
4. http://www.oil-gasportal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Immagine41.png
5.Case Studies on Small Scale Biomass Gasifier Based Decentralized Energy
Generation Systems by G. Sridhar, H .V. Sridhar, Basawaraj, M. S. Sudarshan, H. I.
Somsekhar, S. Dasappa, P. J. Paul
6. Non conventional energy sources by G.D. Rai
31