A presentation by Dr TLUD (Paul S. Anderson, PhD) at the 2015 ETHOS Conference in Seattle-Kirkland, Washington, USA.

1. Advances in TLUD and
Other Micro-gasifier
Stoves During 2014
( TLUD refers to “Top-Lit UpDraft” micro-gasification )
Juntos Energy Solutions, NFP
Awamu Biomass Energy Ltd (Uganda)
Paul S. Anderson PhD
“Dr TLUD” ( Doc Tee-lud ) psanders@ilstu.edu
A Presentation at 2015 ETHOS Conference
Seattle-Kirkland, WA, USA 23-25 January 2015

2. Paal was one of the two independent
originators of what is now known as TLUD
(Top-Lit UpDraft) Micro-gasification.
Forever appreciated!!
Presentation
dedicated to the
memory of Paal
Wendelbo, who
passed away in 2014.

3. Abstract (Enhanced)
• Numerous advances in TLUD and other micro-gasifiier
cookstoves occurred in 2014 and six have their own
presentations at the ETHOS 2015 conference.
• This presentation is an overview of thirteen additional
work and status reports that otherwise would not be
presented.
– One or a few slides from several TLUD stove projects,
– Wide range of diversity of approaches and underlying issues
are seen on a world-wide basis.
• The presenter has done some editing to organize the
inputs of what the contributors have provided.
• The oral presentation of over 40 slides is very rapid. This
digital document with full details is at www.drtlud.com

4. Presentations with TLUD or
Micro-gasification Content at
ETHOS 2015
• Aprovecho Research Center
• Colorado State University
• Anamol Pundle from CSU, PhD research
• GIZ – Roth’s “Micro-gasification:…” manual
• Julian Winter
• Kirk Harris
• Look for others in the final program.

5. Manual by Roth for GIZ
(Revision released in 2014)
Micro-gasification:
Cooking with Gas from Biomass
• Should be considered Required Reading for
anyone working with micro-gasification in
cookstoves.
• Available via the Internet at several sites,
including www.drtlud.com

6. TLUD-ND
Stoves with
Natural Draft

7. Prime Cookstoves -- Indonesia

8. Prime Cookstoves -- Indonesia
2014 Summary
Clean Stove Initiative Results for
Prime Square Regular Fuelwood
 Efficiency: 1 star
 CO emissions: 3 stars
 PM emissions: 3 stars
Background
Prime Cookstoves AS is a company established by Differ AS and Dr.
M. Nurhuda in 2013 to internationalize and scale up sales of Nurhuda’s
TLUD gasifier stoves (UB-03), which utilizes pre-heating, counter-flow burning
mechanism and co-firing. Prime Cookstoves manufactures its stoves in
Indonesia and exports these globally.
Products
 Prime Square Regular Fuelwood
 Prime Square Regular Granular (pellets)
 Large version of the square design to be released in 2015
 Cylindrical version to be phased out
Sales
 Prime Square Regular Fuelwood: 4,200 units
 Prime Square Regular Granular (pellets): 2,200 units
 Other models: 500 units
 Accumulated sales (2013-2014): > 8,000
Approximately 70% of these stoves have already been sold on to end-users by
Prime’s distribution partners on commercial terms.
Markets
 Indonesia, Zambia, South Africa, Senegal, other countries in SEA and Africa
 Samples sold to more than 20 different countries worldwide
 Ongoing pilot projects in new potential markets.
Capacity
 Outsourcing at high precision manufacturing facilities expected operational
from Q2 2015
 Capacity of up to 40,000 units per month

9. Lessons learnt and way forward
For more information: E-mail: camilla.fulland@primestoves.com Website: www.primestoves.com
Growth Prime seeks strong distribution partners in key markets in Asia and Africa for long term collaboration.
Financing
The lack of suitable loan facilities for cash-constrained distribution partners is a major barrier for scaling up
operations. Distributors commonly sell the cookstoves to end-users utilizing various financing schemes
(instalments etc.). As the total financial outlay will only be collected several months later, distributors are unable
to purchase new cookstoves on a regular basis and risk running out. Differ and Prime are crafting solutions to deal
with distributors' initial cashflow needs through financing as well as other ways to gradually scale up deliveries.
Pricing
 Land transportation costs are a main barrier for exporting to distributors in land-locked countries in Africa - can
more than triple the per unit shipping cost
 Prime has supported long-term distribution partners by finding flexible solutions for minimizing shipping costs
such as optimizing container usage. In 2015, Prime will explore flatpacking and local assembly, aiming to
increase the quantity in a 20’’ container from 1,000 to 2,000 units.
 The Prime Square TLUD has successfully met the three criteria (fuel efficiency,
low emissions of CO and PM) of the Indonesian Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) and is
elegible for an Indonesian government subsidy in the two selected pilot areas.
Markets
The granular stove, which is mainly being used for woodpellets or rice husk pellets, has been increasingly popular
in 2014, due to ease of use (no chopping of wood needed), smokeless burn, long cooking time, as well as it being
suitable for more urban areas where end-users are accustomed to paying for the energy needs. The fuelwood
version is mainly sold in rural areas.
Products
 End-users are more positive towards Prime Square Biomass Cookstove than the cylindrical design
 2015: Cylindrical design will be phased out and Prime will release the square stove in a large version (for
households of 6-8 members).

10. Low Emission Enterprises (LEE) Project
PT. Ditana Energy Solutions -- Indonesia
In 2013, Differ received co-funding from USAID and the Walton Family Foundation under
Conservation International's Sustainable Landscape Partnership (SLP) program in North
Sumatera, Indonesia, to develop and establish PT. Ditana Energy Solutions (Ditana), a financially
sustainable distribution company for clean and efficient Prime cookstoves in North-Sumatra,
Indonesia. Differ is distributing and selling the fuel-efficient cookstoves under the Low Emission
Enterprises Project (LEE) on SLP in collaboration with Kopernik, an Indonesian NGO.
Stoves are not subsidised – Ditana will be a commercial enterprise
Background
 Project started on 1 November 2013
 1,750 stoves sold to date
 16 full-time staff
 More than 100 local retailers have signed up: individual agents and group agents
(cooperatives, formal/informal associations)
 Stove models sold: Prime Square Regular Fuelwood (95%) and Prime Cylindrical Large
Fuelwood (5%).
About LEE
Project

11.  Local agents purchase from LEE/Ditana, then resell the stoves with a margin
 LEE/Ditana provides a recommended retail price but the market determines the end-user price
 LEE/Ditana recruits agents, provides technical training and marketing support, logistics
Sales
system
LEE Ditana Distribution System
 Individual agents: Upfront cash or 3-months’ installment system
 Group agents: Upfront cash or 6-month installment system with consignment
 Payment default rate on installments to date: < 1%
Purchasing
methods
 Fuelwood savings: 57%
 Monetary savings per household per week: > USD 2.5
 Payback time for the Prime cookstove: < 3 months
 Time saving for cooking : 30 min/day
 Time saved on fuelwood collection: 8 hrs/household per week
Preliminary
Impact
Assessment
results (Dec
2014)
 Installment payment system needed to mirror financing offered by agents to the end-user to ensure
reordering and remove financing bottleneck
 Strict procedures for payment collection are extremely time consuming but highly necessary
Lessons
learnt
Ditana seeks equity, debt or grant funding for expanding operations to other parts of Indonesia beyond 2015
Financial
needs

12. For more information email lincoln.rajali@ditanagroup.com
Photos of Prime Square TLUD-ND --
Indonesia

13. • Establishing production of
the Troika Bingwa, now with
a contracted producer.
• Working with agencies [SNV, GIZ,
UNACC, BEETA, CREEC] to establish
TLUD gasifiers in Uganda stove
programs, including trade fairs
and expositions.
• Award by SEED
(low carbon category)

14. Moto (Mwoto) TLUD-ND
By ACON (Salim Shaban) Western Kenya
• 18,000 stoves sold over two year period,
• 25,000 local farmers trained on application
and utilization of biochar,
• 900 stoves being manufactured per month,
• 13 artisans trained in how to make Moto
stoves,
• Moto stove users reported using roughly 1/3
less wood compared to traditional stoves,
• Email: ctkbungoma@gmail.com

15. Servals
Chennai, India
• Continuing manufacture and sales of the
Champion TLUD.
• Project in Sunderbans region in West Bengal
mangrove forest, in cooperation with
Atmosfair, a European NGO with carbon credit
arrangements.
• Also working on some new designs.
• E-MAIL : servalsmds@gmail.com

16. Home Energy Systems Ltd
in Zambia
• Production of
cookstove fuel:
Pellets
• Assembly of
cookstoves:
Peko Pe
flatpacks
• Sale of
cookstove fuel
and cookstoves

17. Home Energy Ltd / Miombo AS --
Zambia
• In the pilot project, 3
Peko Pe cookstove
models are offered.
– One in stainless steel
– One in mild steel, painted
black (USD 15)
– One in mild steel unpainted
With 6 weeks of selling some 60 stoves are sold. The only marketing tool is a sign at the
sales outlet. At the time, all marketing is by «word of mouth». This to test the effect of
this marketing tool. Marketing will be scaled up as the pilot progress.
Email to Jan Sørensen: jan@miombo.no

18. TLUD-FA
Stoves with
Fan Assistance

19. Eco Chula
Alpha Renewable Energy Ltd
Guijarat, India
This appears to be the same manufacturer of the Reed Woodgas Campstove that is no
longer available outside of India. Attempts to communicate have not yet been
successful. Price information is not available. Website: www.ecochula.co.in

20. Three components:
• Pot stands: Either 3 pot supports
or a Stove Frame (lower photo)
• TLUD gasifier body(reactor)
• Fan-Assisted Air Base, known as
the FAAB™ unit, as in FAABulous™
– Separate from the gasifier body.
– Circular (above) or rectangular.
– Incl. fan, speed controller, wire to
external battery / power supply.
FAABulous™ TLUD-FA Cookstove
by Khaya Power – South Africa

21. FAAB air base with Stove Frame, and in operation with Juz Box power source.
Notes about electrical power requirements:
• Only a couple of Watts are needed, 12 v or 5 v.
• Full & local grids and battery systems.
• The primary product and service of Khaya Power
is an intelligent battery management system
called the Juz Box Intelligent Power Pack. The
TLUD-FA gasifier stoves help market the Juz Box.

22. FAABulous™ TLUD Stove
Advantages
• Separate stove frame (pot support) for ease of
inserting TLUD gasifier units.
• TLUD gasifier units manufactured with
industrial qualities and quantities of
“tincanium” container production.
• Separate Air Base with easy maintenance.
• Low-cost to be under US$20.
• Contact: Website: khayapower.co.za
Email: dave@khayapower.co.za

23. Rice Husk Fuel in FA-TLUDS
• Several efforts are underway and focused on
South-East Asia.

24. Source: Do Duc Tuong, 2012
Rice husk gasifier stoves tested by
SNV in Vietnam in 2013

25. Rua TLUD-FA-RH Stove
• Original Rua TLUD-FA.
Production in Rua, near
Hanoi, VN.
• Sold several tens of
thousands of stoves (not
verified yet) at <US$ 15.
• Questions of longevity.
• People use the char in soil.
• Modified versions by SNV-VN,
NovoTera (Canadian), and Joe
James (USA).

26. JJQUAD Stove Improvements to Rua
by Joseph James
• 1. Optimized primary
and secondary air hole
ratio that greatly
improved the emissions
performance.
• This stove has forced air
(fan assisted) secondary
air, as does the Rua
stove.

27. JJQUAD Stove Improvements to Rua
by Joseph James of Akron, Ohio
• 2. A plastic controllable air valve that encases
the fan. It improves control at low power by
operating at a constant voltage, with air
controlled by a physical valve.

28. JJQUAD Stove Improvements to Rua
• 3. A “bowl” has been inserted
into the burner top to deflect
the combustion gases toward
the outer edge to go through
the secondary air.
• Test units are being made in
Vietnam.
• Contact Joe James at:
jjquad@gmail.com
• Website: jjquad.com

29. The new improved TLUD-FA-RH gasifier stove
(Info by SNV-Vietnam)
Some features
• Long lifespan: up to 18 months
• Stainless steel construction
• Cooking time: 40-50mins
• Fuel use: 1.4kg/batch
• Inner combustion chamber is replaceable, 1
year guarantee
• Better fan performance, 6 months guarantee
• Price: ~US$35.
• Uses the Belonio-style combustor based on
modest pressure inside the fuel chamber.
• Does not have fan-assisted secondary air
supply.

30. Mass-production of improved gasifier stove
Rice husk gasifier stove - Results Slide provided by SNV - Vietnam

31. Developing a brand name for the improved stove
The new improved gasifier stove - finished product
Video:http://www.bepsach.com.vn/p/start.html
Source of info, and stove design assistance provided by SNV – Vietnam

32. Marketing and sales in local retail stores in Vietnam.

33. • By NovoTera (Canadians
Dylan Maxwell and Olivier
Kolmel), with efforts in
Vietnam.
• Designs and prototypes
combining TLUD and Rocket
combustion.
• Email: info@novotera.ca
• Websites: novotera.ca &
http://planetstove.com
Planetstove

34. Carbon Neutral Commons (CNC)
and Alexis Belonio -- Philippines
• Rice husk gasifier
stoves with
continuous feed
and auto-
collection and
dousing of char.
• Two models:
Single-burner
and double-
burner.
Website: www.carbonneutralcommons.org
Email: info@carbonneutralcommons

35. Considerable Missing Data
• Although reporting here on several significant
efforts, information is lacking from several
entities.
• Several companies in China.
• Some additional companies in India and
Indonesia.
• Some projects in Africa.
• Micro-gasifiers in Mongolia with low-grade
coal as fuel.

36. Dr TLUD’s Internet Presence
Website: drtlud.com
Email: psanders@ilstu.edu
YouTube (Videos): youtube.com/user/drtlud
SlideShare (PowerPoint Slideshows): slideshare.net/bitmaxim
Facebook (unused at present): facebook.com/DrTLUD
Twitter (unused at present): @drtlud (twitter.com/drtlud)
Biomass Cooking Stoves Mailman List (“Stoves Listserv”):
lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org
This web page has links to the Stoves Archive and the Improved Biomass
Cooking Stoves website, as well as a subscription form for visitors who
want to become list members.

37. drtlud.com
• Primarily a news and resource-sharing venue.
• Not a blog or discussion venue, although visitor
comments are welcome.
• Dr TLUD’s discussion venue is the Stoves Listserv (see
previous slide).
• The Resources page (drtlud.com/resources) is, for
many, the centerpiece of the website. Here, visitors
find a searchable and ever-growing collection of online
resources about TLUDs and TLUD Technology (PDF
paper publications, videos, slideshows, spreadsheets,
website URLs, etc).
• The resource collection is continually updated with
new content – this includes all publications of the
former Biomass Energy Foundation (BEF).

38. Sharing TLUD Resources
• In 2013 and 2014, the Dr TLUD website generally had 150-300
visitors per day from every major country in the world.
• As we continue to update and grow the website in 2015 and
beyond, we will host and/or link to many, many more TLUD-related
resources. Our goal is to be the first-choice destination for finding
TLUD-related content that is:
a) Freely available, centrally-organized, easily-searched, and
b) Open for content creators who want to share their papers, videos,
slideshows, images, spreadsheets, drawings, and external links to
similar resources where they exist elsewhere on the web.
• We invite visitors to send an email to admin@drtlud.com to submit
new or existing TLUD-related content for inclusion on the website
as a new resource. Submissions of files (PDF, PPTX, MP4, etc)
should also include the author’s or publisher’s permission to upload
and share. For items already uploaded and available elsewhere on
the web, please send us a link. We also welcome links to relevant
blog posts, articles, informative websites, and the like.

39. Developer Credit
All preparation, conversion, and tagging (indexing) of
resources is handled by James S. Schoner, the Dr TLUD
website administrator and developer. James also
administers the Dr TLUD YouTube and Slideshare accounts
for videos and slideshows (respectively).
James lives in Phoenix, Arizona and is interested in doing
additional technical work in the Stove and Biochar
communities. Anyone with online technical needs is
invited to contact him by email: jss@bitmaxim.com
Additional information can be found on his business
website: bitmaxim.com

40. Stove Camps and Research
• TLUD technology featured at Stove Camp at
Aprovecho in July 2014.
• Stove Camp in Kenya by Christa Roth and
Elisha …..

41. Making Charcoal with TLUD Stoves
• This is certainly possible.
• This continues to be a topic of discussion
because of the differences in perception of
the value of biochar for soil amendment.
• Is the energy value of char allowed to offset
the calculations of ENERGY efficiency and also
of FUEL efficiency?
• Contact persons include Art Donnelly
art.donnelly@seachar.org

42. Conclusion
• This review of TLUD activities during 2014 has
not included the major studies that are being
reported at this ETHOS conference. See those
other presentations.
• The volume and quality of activities about
TLUD technology continues to increase every
year, suggesting that 2015 will also be highly
productive.
• Stay up to date about TLUD technologies at
www.drtlud.com