Prostate cancer is a serious disease that affects thousands of men each year who are middle-aged or older. About 60 percent of the cases occur in men older than age 65. The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 174,650 American men will be newly diagnosed with this condition in 2019. The prostate is a small gland found in a man’s lower abdomen. It’s located under the bladder and surrounding the urethra. The prostate is regulated by the hormone testosterone and produces seminal fluid, also known as semen. Semen is the substance containing sperm that exits the urethra during ejaculation. When an abnormal, malignant growth of cells — which is called a tumor — forms in the prostate, it’s called prostate cancer. This cancer can spread to other areas of the body. According to the Urology Care Foundation, prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths for men in the United States. Tools for diagnosis: Digital rectal exam (DRE): With this exam, your doctor will insert a gloved finger into your rectum to inspect your prostate. They can feel if there are any hard lumps on your prostate gland that could be tumors. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: This blood test detects your levels of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate. See the following section for more information on the PSA test. Prostate biopsy: Your doctor may order a biopsy to help confirm a prostate cancer diagnosis. For a biopsy, a healthcare provider removes a small piece of your prostate gland for examination. Other tests: Your doctor may also do an MRI scan, CT scan, or bone scan. Treatment: Surgery,Radiation,Cryotherapy,Hormone therapy, Chemotherapy,Stereotactic radiosurgery,Immunotherapy.

1. Presented by
Mr B.Kalyan kumar Msc (N)
Dept of MSN

2. Introduction
 Prostate cancer is the carcinoma of the prostate
gland that may spread to other parts of the body
particularly bones and lymph nodes.

3. Definition
 Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that usually grows
slowly and remains confined to gland for many years.
As the cancer advances,however, it can spread beyond
the prostate into the surrounding tissues.

4. Causes and Risk factors
Unknown Advancing
age
Genetics
(Heredity)
Hormonal
influences

5. Environmental
factors as
cigarette
smoking
Industrial
products
Toxins,chemicals
Diets that are
high in
saturated fat

7. Clinical manifestations
 Urinary difficulties
 Burning or pain during urination
 Inability to urinate, difficulty starting urination

8.  A sensation of incomplete emptying of the bladder even
after passing urine
 Frequent nocturnal urination
 Weak or interrupted flow of urine.

9. Other symptoms
Pelvic pain
Back or hip
pain
Abdomen
pain
Jaundice
Chest pain

11. MANAGEMENT
 Surgery: Radical prostatectomy- The Prostate, some
surrounding tissue, and the seminal vesicles are all
completely removed

12.  Retropubic radical prostatectomy- The initial incision
by the surgeon is made in the lower abdomen between
the navel and just above the penis.
 Perineal radical prostatectomy- The initial incision by
the surgeon is made in the skin between the Anus and
Scrotum.

13.  Hormonal therapy- Hormonal therapy is the mainstay of
treatment for symptomatic advanced prostate cancer
 Radiation therapy
 Cryotherapy
 Chemotherapy- Cisplatin, 5-FU.

14. NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Prepare the patient for post operative procedures, such as
dressing changes and intubation.

15.  Post operatively, the patient will be wearing sequential-
compression stockings and receiving IV fluids,
antibiotics,possible blood products and opioid analgesics
and antispasmodic for pain management.

16.  Monitor complications of bleeding, infection, fluid
and electrolyte imbalances, pulmonary embolus and
rectal injury.

17.  The patient return from surgery with an indwelling
urethral catheter. Keep the urinary catheter in position by
securely taping the catheter to the patients leg
 Regularly check the dressing, incision, and drainage
system for excessive blood, watch for signs of bleeding
and be alert for signs of infection.

18.  Regularly check the dressing, incision, and drainage
system for excessive blood, watch for signs of bleeding
and be alert for signs of infection
 Document the intake and output. Record drainage from
each drain separately.

19.  Encourage patient to walk frequently and to avoid
prolonged sitting. Teach the patient when to see the
physician for follow-up care
 Nurse should help the patient ambulate the day after
surgery and provide other routine post operative care,
including encouraging deep breathing to prevent
pulmonary complications.

22. Good time with you