6. Gregor Mendel + His Work
• 1800‘s monk
• Systematically bred
pea plants
7. Gregor Mendel + His Work
• 1800‘s monk
• Systematically bred
pea plants
8. Gregor Mendel + His Work
• 1800‘s monk
• Systematically bred
pea plants
9. Gregor Mendel + His Work
• 1800‘s monk
• Systematically bred
pea plants
10. Gregor Mendel + His Work
• 1800‘s monk
• Systematically bred
pea plants
• Identified patterns in
offspring
11. Gregor Mendel + His Work
• 1800‘s monk
• Systematically bred
pea plants
• Identified patterns in
offspring
• Developed Law of
Segregation and Law
of Independent
Assortment
12. Gregor Mendel + His Work
• 1800‘s monk
• Systematically bred
pea plants
• Identified patterns in
offspring
• Developed Law of
Segregation and Law
of Independent
Assortment
15. Essential Vocabulary
• Locus = place on a
chromosome where a
specific gene is found
• Gene = combination of
alleles controlling a
trait
• Allele = one form of a
gene (basically, half a
gene)
from
M
om
!
from
D
ad!
17. Dominant + Recessive Traits
• Dominant = always
expressed
• Recessive = only
expressed if
homozygous
18. Dominant + Recessive Traits
• Dominant = always
expressed
• Recessive = only
expressed if
homozygous
• Homozygous = both
alleles are the same
19. Dominant + Recessive Traits
• Dominant = always
expressed
• Recessive = only
expressed if
homozygous
• Homozygous = both
alleles are the same
• Heterozygous =
different alleles
20. Dominant + Recessive Traits
• Dominant = always
expressed
• Recessive = only
expressed if
homozygous
• Homozygous = both
alleles are the same
• Heterozygous =
different alleles
21. Monohybrid Crosses
• Show probability of
offspring inheriting a
trait
• Alleles listed along x-
and y-axes
• Combine alleles in boxes
to show possible
genotypes
• Genotypes determine
phenotypes
22. Monohybrid Crosses
• Show probability of
offspring inheriting a
trait
• Alleles listed along x-
and y-axes
• Combine alleles in boxes
to show possible
genotypes
• Genotypes determine
phenotypes
23. Monohybrid Crosses
• Show probability of
offspring inheriting a
trait
• Alleles listed along x-
and y-axes
• Combine alleles in boxes
to show possible
genotypes
• Genotypes determine
phenotypes
24. Monohybrid Crosses
• Show probability of
offspring inheriting a
trait
• Alleles listed along x-
and y-axes
• Combine alleles in boxes
to show possible
genotypes
• Genotypes determine
phenotypes
25. Monohybrid Crosses
• Show probability of
offspring inheriting a
trait
• Alleles listed along x-
and y-axes
• Combine alleles in boxes
to show possible
genotypes
• Genotypes determine
phenotypes
26. Monohybrid Crosses
• Show probability of
offspring inheriting a
trait
• Alleles listed along x-
and y-axes
• Combine alleles in boxes
to show possible
genotypes
• Genotypes determine
phenotypes
27. Monohybrid Crosses
• Show probability of
offspring inheriting a
trait
• Alleles listed along x-
and y-axes
• Combine alleles in boxes
to show possible
genotypes
• Genotypes determine
phenotypes
28. Monohybrid Crosses
• Show probability of
offspring inheriting a
trait
• Alleles listed along x-
and y-axes
• Combine alleles in boxes
to show possible
genotypes
• Genotypes determine
phenotypes
29. Monohybrid Crosses
• Show probability of
offspring inheriting a
trait
• Alleles listed along x-
and y-axes
• Combine alleles in boxes
to show possible
genotypes
• Genotypes determine
phenotypes
30. Monohybrid Crosses
• Show probability of
offspring inheriting a
trait
• Alleles listed along x-
and y-axes
• Combine alleles in boxes
to show possible
genotypes
• Genotypes determine
phenotypes
31. Monohybrid Crosses
• Show probability of
offspring inheriting a
trait
• Alleles listed along x-
and y-axes
• Combine alleles in boxes
to show possible
genotypes
• Genotypes determine
phenotypes
3:1
ratio
38. Codominance + Incomplete Dominance
• Codominance = both
heterozygous alleles
fully expressed
• Incomplete dominance =
a blend of each
characteristic is
expressed
39. Codominance + Blood Types
• 3 blood type alleles:
• IA
= Type A
• IB
= Type B
• i = Type O
• A + B = codominant
• O is recessive
40. Codominance + Blood Types
• 3 blood type alleles:
• IA
= Type A
• IB
= Type B
• i = Type O
• A + B = codominant
• O is recessive
41. Codominance + Blood Types
• 3 blood type alleles:
• IA
= Type A
• IB
= Type B
• i = Type O
• A + B = codominant
• O is recessive
42. Codominance + Blood Types
• 3 blood type alleles:
• IA
= Type A
• IB
= Type B
• i = Type O
• A + B = codominant
• O is recessive
43. Codominance + Blood Types
• 3 blood type alleles:
• IA
= Type A
• IB
= Type B
• i = Type O
• A + B = codominant
• O is recessive
59. Genetic Screening
• Examine DNA for
genetic disorders
• Good for preventative
care + treatment
• Ethics of use for
insurance + health
care?
• May be used in job
placement
60. Genetic Screening
• Examine DNA for
genetic disorders
• Good for preventative
care + treatment
• Ethics of use for
insurance + health
care?
• May be used in job
placement
61. Genetic Screening
• Examine DNA for
genetic disorders
• Good for preventative
care + treatment
• Ethics of use for
insurance + health
care?
• May be used in job
placement
62. Genetic Screening
• Examine DNA for
genetic disorders
• Good for preventative
care + treatment
• Ethics of use for
insurance + health
care?
• May be used in job
placement
63. DNA Profiling
• aka DNA fingerprinting
• Compare samples to
database
• Forensics (CSI)
• Questions about
legality/ownership of
information
64. DNA Profiling
• aka DNA fingerprinting
• Compare samples to
database
• Forensics (CSI)
• Questions about
legality/ownership of
information
65. Genetically Modified Organisms
• Inserting/deleting
genes for human
benefit
• Common in US
agriculture
• Benefits: higher yield +
productivity
• Concerns: ecological
dangers, loss of
diversity
66. Genetically Modified Organisms
• Inserting/deleting
genes for human
benefit
• Common in US
agriculture
• Benefits: higher yield +
productivity
• Concerns: ecological
dangers, loss of
diversity
67. Genetically Modified Organisms
• Inserting/deleting
genes for human
benefit
• Common in US
agriculture
• Benefits: higher yield +
productivity
• Concerns: ecological
dangers, loss of
diversity
68. Genetically Modified Organisms
• Inserting/deleting
genes for human
benefit
• Common in US
agriculture
• Benefits: higher yield +
productivity
• Concerns: ecological
dangers, loss of
diversity
69. Genetically Modified Organisms
• Inserting/deleting
genes for human
benefit
• Common in US
agriculture
• Benefits: higher yield +
productivity
• Concerns: ecological
dangers, loss of
diversity
Editor's Notes
Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
Gregor Mendel: first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing. saw that the traits were inherited in certain numerical ratios. Self-fertilization: Pollen from the same flower enters the egg cells of the same flower. True-breeding: All of the offspring have the same trait. Cross-Fertilization: Remove the stamens, and fertilize the carpel yourself by brushing it with the pollen from a different flower. P-Generation flowers were true-breeding, so he cross-fertilized them. The seeds produced were HYBRIDS (different ALLELES). Allowed the purple flowers from F1 to self-fertilize and had a 705:224 purple to white ratio. F3 Generation: ALL the white flowers were WHITE. About 1/3 of the purple true-breed for purple, the remaining produced a 3:1 ratio of purple to white flowers.
Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
Images, in order: X + Y chromosomes sex linkage colorblindness tests hemophilia symptoms
Marfan syndrome disorder of connective tissue gene alteration or mutation causes defect in growth hormone production
Marfan wrists
carcinogens can interfere with DNA replication radiation may alter nucleotides in DNA
achondroplasia (dwarfism)
Trisomy 21 aka Down Syndrome
drought- and disease-resistance growth patterns
once planted in a field, pollination occurs naturally - can’t control which genes are transported to non-GMO plants