This is a review presentation for MYP year 3 or 4 (grade 8 or 9) chemistry units.

1. G9
CHEMISTRY
2013 -2014
Meet the Elements
Intro to Chemistry
with Mr Kremer

2. Unit%Intro%)%Topics
•Atomic%Theory
•Periodicity
•Naming%Compounds
•Types%of%Reac=ons
•Medical%Applica=ons%of%Chemistry

3. Atomic%Theory
1.rela=ve%mass%and%charge%of%protons,%
neutrons,%electrons
2.shorthand%nota=on%for%atoms/ions
3.isotopes%
4.rela=ve%atomic%mass
5.electron%arrangement%elements%1)20

4. Periodicity
1.atomic%radius
2.mel=ng%point
3.electronega=vity
4.reac=vity

5. Nomenclature%(Naming)
1.Bonding%review
a.ionic%
b.covalent%compounds
2.types%of%reac=ons
a.single%+%double%replacement
b.decomposi=on
c.combus=on

6. Balancing%Equa=ons
1.conserva=on%of%maRer
a.atomic%level
b.molar%level
c.total%mass
d.mass%of%individual%elements

7. Types%of%Reac=ons
•Synthesis
•Decomposi=on
•Single%Replacement
•Double%Replacement
•Combus=on
•Others

8. Atomic%Theory
Image source: http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/timeline/graphic/1911_gfoil_02.jpg

9. Atomic%Theory
Periodic(table(from(h0p://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys314/lectures/period/period.htmlSource:(h0p://www.iun.edu

10. Atomic%Theory
1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
2.Atoms(of(the(same(
element(are(
idenAcal.*
3.Compounds(are(
combinaAons(of(2(or(
more(elements.
4.Chemical(reacAons(
rearrange(atoms.
Periodic(table(from(h0p://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys314/lectures/period/period.htmlSource:(h0p://www.iun.edu
John(Dalton(
(1766J1844)
Source:(www.biography.com

11. 1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
Atomic%Theory
1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
2.Atoms(of(the(same(
element(are(
idenAcal.*
3.Compounds(are(
combinaAons(of(2(or(
more(elements.
4.Chemical(reacAons(
rearrange(atoms.

12. 1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
Atomic%Theory
1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
2.Atoms(of(the(same(
element(are(
idenAcal.*
3.Compounds(are(
combinaAons(of(2(or(
more(elements.
4.Chemical(reacAons(
rearrange(atoms.
Image(source:(www.bcssa.org

13. 1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
Atomic%Theory
Image(source:(www.bcssa.org
Par=cle%mass(of…
protons(=(1(a.m.u.
neutrons(=(1(a.m.u.
electrons(=(0(a.m.u.(
That(means(
this(image(is(
NOT(TO(
SCALE!
Actual%mass(of…
protons(=(1.67(×(10J27(kg
neutrons(=(1.67(×(10J27(kg
electrons(=(9.11(×(10J31(kg
You(DON’T(
have(to(
know(that!
Electrons*are*10,000*X*smaller*
than*protons*and*neutrons!!!
NOT(to((scale!

14. 1.All(ma0er(is(made(of(
atoms.
Atomic%Theory
Image(source:(h0p://www.amasci.net
A:(atomic(mass(=(#(of(protons(
AND(neutrons(in(an(atom
A
chemical%symbol:(
capital(le0er((+(
someAmes(lower(case)
E
Z:(atomic(number(=(#(of(
protons(in(an(atom
Z

15. Atomic%Theory
2.Atoms(of(the(same(
element(are(
idenAcal.*
*Isotope(=(atom(with(a(
different(number(of(neutrons(
(but(the(same(number(of(
protons(and(electrons)(
Rela=ve%atomic%mass(
=(raAo(of(different(
isotopes
Isotope(images(source:(h0p://bioserv.fiu.edu
three%
hydrogen%
isotopes
two%
carbon%
isotopes
Image(source:(h0p://web.sahra.arizona.edu

16. Image(source:(h0p://science.howstuffworks.com
Atomic%Theory
4.Chemical(reacAons(
rearrange(atoms.
6CO2 + 12H2O ➜ C6H12O6 6O2+ 6H2O+
Photosynthesis

17. •Bohr%model:%
nucleus%
surrounded%by%
shells
•Nucleus:%protons%
and%neutrons
•Shells:%electrons%
orbi=ng
•Valence%shell:%
outermost%shell
Atomic%Theory:%Structure
Image source: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_IAeZpYK5VFs/TGiARmqcmhI/AAAAAAAAAgQ/9_9kadQnu4U/s1600/1.png

18. Periodicity
•%Periodicity%=%
paRerns
•Within%periods%
(rows)
•Within%groups%
(columns)
Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Periodic_trends.svg

19. Periodicity:%Metallic%Traits
•Easier%to%lose%
electrons
•less%aRrac=on%b/t%
electrons%+%
nucleus
•Nonmetals%vs%
metals!
Information source: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/
Periodic_Table_of_the_Elements/Periodic_Trends#Metallic_Character_Trends
METALS
NONMETALS

20. Periodicity:%Atomic%Radius
•SIZE%of%the%atom
•more%shells%=%
farther%from%
nucleus%=%larger%
radius
Image source: http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_lewis_cw2/int/periodicTrends/
0814.html
BIG
ATOMS
SMALL*
ATOMS

21. Periodicity:%Ioniza=on%Energy
•small%atoms%=%
electrons%close%to%
nucleus
•closer%=%stronger%
aRrac=on
•stronger%
aRrac=on%=%
harder%to%remove
Image source: http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_lewis_cw2/int/periodicTrends/
0814.html
Easy*to*
remove
Hard*to*remove

22. Periodicity:%Electron%Affinity
•anion%forma=on
•aRrac=on%between%
incoming%electron%+%
nucleus
•stronger%%aRrac=on%
=%more%energy%
released
•same%logic%as%
ioniza=on%energy
Image source: http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_lewis_cw2/int/periodicTrends/
0814.html
MORE*
ENERGY
LESS*
ENERGY

23. Periodicity:%Mel=ng%Point
•depends%on%bond%
strength
•stronger%=%higher%
M.P.
•complicated%by%
other%factors
MELTING
MELTING

24. Periodicity:%Reac=vity
Image source: http://www.nelsonthornes.com/secondary/science/scinet/scinet/reaction/react/
periodic.htm
•Metals%increase:%
•DOWN%groups
•LEFT%in%periods
•Nonmetals%increase:%
•UP%groups
•RIGHT%in%periods

25. •metal(+(nonmetal
•electron(transfer
•unbalanced(electrons(create(+/J(charges
•ca:on(=(posiAve(ion(=(lost(electrons
•anion(=(negaAve(ion(=(gained(electrons
Ionic%Bonding
Image source: http://chem-net.blogspot.nl

26. •Metal(caAon(first,(then(nonmetal(anion
•“Jide”(replaces(anion’s(last(part
•criss<cross*method(determines(raAo
•transiAon(metals(need(Roman(numerals
•Roman(numeral(shows(caAon(charge
Ionic%Compounds
Image source: http://www.iun.edu

27. •2(or(more(nonmetals
•electron(sharing
•1(pair(=(single(bond
•2(pairs(=(double(bond
•3(pairs(=(triple(bond
•equal(sharing(=(nonpolar
•unequal(sharing(=(polar
Covalent%Bonding
Image source: http://seplessons.ucsf.edu/node/2241

28. •Least(electronegaAve(nonmetal(is(1st
•“Jide”(replaces(last(part(of(2nd(nonmetal
•Prefixes(show(number(of(atoms(
Covalent%Compounds
Image source: http://ehschemcorner.blogspot.nlImage source: http://chembloggerstcmv.blogspot.nl

29. •Synthesis
•DecomposiAon
•Single(replacement
•Double(replacement
•CombusAon(
•Some(others...
Types%of%Chemical%Reac=ons
Image source: http://www.oneclickroot.com

30. •Synthesis(=(build
•A(+(B(→(AB
Synthesis
Image source:Image source:

31. •Decompose(=(break(down
•AB(→(A(+(B
Decomposi=on
Image source:Image source:
NOT DECOMPOSITION!

32. •Ion(changes*place(with(1(element
•AB(+(C(→(A(+(CB
Single%Replacement
Image source:Image source:

33. •Ions(‘swap’*partners
•AB(+(CD(→(AD(+(CB
Double%Replacement
Image source: http://ehschemcorner.blogspot.nlImage source: http://chembloggerstcmv.blogspot.nl

34. •hydrocarbon(+(oxygen(gas
•produces(CO2(and(H2O
Combus=on
Image source:Image source:

35. •Acid<Base:(produce(water(+(salt
•Redox:(transfer(of(electrons
Others%You%May%Hear%Of...
Image source:Image source:

36. •Law*of*Conserva:on*of*MaPer((Mass)
•Ma0er(is(neither(created(nor(destroyed
•Simply(rearranged
•Reactants(MUST(equal(products
•Adjust(coefficients(ONLY
•NEVER(change(subscripts
Balancing%Equa=ons
Image source:Image source:

37. •List(all(elements
•Count(atoms(on(each(side
•Change(coefficients(as(needed
Balancing%Equa=ons
Image source:Image source: