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BUSINESS AND
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
MODULE
F O R
N A T I O N A L S E R V I C E P R O G R A M
P R O G R A M K H I D M A T B A K T I N E G A R A ( P K B N )
INTRODUCTION TO
ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODULE
CONTENTS
• Business and Entrepreneurship
• Business Idea
• Legal Processes
• Research and Planning
• Finances
METHOD
• Lecture
• Sharing
• Discussion
• Group Discussion and Presentation
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS AND
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
• What is entrepreneurship?
• Why is Entrepreneurship Important?
• Who are Entrepreneurs?
• Why should you venture into entrepreneurship?
WHO WANTS TO
START UP A
BUSINESS?
WHO WANTS TO
BE RICH?
WHY DO YOU
WANT TO BE
RICH?
HOW DO YOU
BECOME RICH?
WHO ARE THE
RICHEST
PEOPLE
IN THE
WORLD?
FORBES TOP 10 RICHEST PEOPLE (MAR 2016)
No. Name
Net worth
(USD)
Age Nationality Source(s) of wealth
1 Bill Gates $75.0 billion 60 United States Microsoft
2 Amancio Ortega $67.0 billion 79 Spain Inditex
3 Warren Buffett $60.8 billion 85 United States Berkshire Hathaway
4 Carlos Slim $50.0 billion 76 Mexico
América
Móvil, Grupo Carso
5 Jeff Bezos $45.2 billion 53 United States Amazon.com
6 Mark Zuckerberg $44.6 billion 32 United States Facebook
7 Larry Ellison $43.6 billion 71 United States Oracle Corporation
8
Michael
Bloomberg
$40.0 billion 74 United States Bloomberg L.P.
9 Charles Koch $39.6 billion 80 United States Koch Industries
9 David Koch $39.6 billion 75 United States Koch Industries
WHAT IS A
BUSINESS?
WHY IS
BUSINESS
IMPORTANT?
F O R T H E B U S I N E S S O W N E R ?
F O R Y O U R S E L F A S A C O N S U M E R ?
F O R A C O U N T R Y ?
WHAT BUSINESS
CAN YOU OR DO
YOU WANT TO
START?
WHY SHOULD
YOU GO INTO
BUSINESS?
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
VS
EMPLOYMENT
D I S C U S S I O N
ENTREPRENEURSHIP VS EMPLOYMENT
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
• You can create a Business
• You are your own Boss
• You set your own income
• You set your own time
• Your are responsible for the whole
business
• You may need to answer to customers
needs
EMPLOYMENT
• You have to find a Job
• You have a Boss
• Your Income is set
• You have to follow the set time
• You are only responsible for your job or
your department
• You need to answer to boss and job
requirements
WHAT DO YOU
WANT IN LIFE?
HOW MUCH
WOULD IT COST?
WHEN CAN YOU
ACHIEVE THOSE
THINGS?
WHY DO YOU
WANT TO
ACHIEVE THOSE
THINGS?
HOW CAN YOU
MAKE THE MONEY
TO ACHIEVE
THOSE THINGS?
SMART OBJECTIVES
•SPECIFIC
•MEASUREABLE
•ATTAINABLE
•RELEVENT
•TIMELY
FINDING A
BUSINESS IDEA
BUSINESS IDEAS
•Finding Business Ideas
•What will make people give you money?
•Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
•Brainstorm for your Business Ideas
WHAT IS THE PERFECT BUSINESS
IDEA?
Passion
Make
Money
Skill
WHAT ARE YOUR
PASSIONS,
INTERESTS AND
SKILLS?
HOW CAN YOU
MAKE MONEY OFF
YOUR PASSION?
WHAT WILL MAKE
PEOPLE GIVE YOU
MONEY?
N E E D S
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Self-
Esteem
Social
Safety and
Security
Physiological
Self Actualization
BUSINESS START UP COSTS
• Understanding Costs
–Startup Costs
• Assets Purchase
• Start up Expenses
–Running Costs
• Understanding Basic Financial Terms
UNDERSTANDING COSTS
•Startup Costs
–Assets Purchase
• Fixed Assets
• Current Assets
–Start up Expenses
•Running Costs
–Fixed Costs
–Variable Costs
EXAMPLE: START-UP FOR NASIK
KATOK
Assets Expenses
Fixed Asset
Rice Cooker $100 Biz Reg (16/17) $35
Stove $75 Business License $50
Frying Pans $100 Rental $0
Stand $200 Advertising $200
Chair $30 Hiring $600
Fridge $200
Current Asset
Rice Grain $65
Chicken $100
Packing $5
Plastic $5
Total Assets $880 Total Expenses $885
Total Start-up cost $1,665
31
UNDERSTANDING BASIC FINANCIAL
TERMS
• Sales
• Direct Cost of Goods/ Variable Costs
• Gross Profit
• Fixed Costs
• Nett Profit
HOW MUCH
MONEY DO YOU
NEED TO START
UP YOUR
BUSINESS?
HOW ARE YOU
GOING TO GET
THE MONEY TO
START UP YOUR
BUSINESS?
SOURCES OF FUNDING
• Owner Capital
–Sole Owner
–Partners
• Investors
–Angel Investors
–Venture Capitalists
• Bank Loans
• Government Grants
WHAT ARE THE
LEGAL PROCESSES
INVOLVE IN
STARTING YOUR
BUSINESS?
LEGAL PROCESS
• Business Registrations
– Types
– Advantages and Disadvantages
– Applications Process
• Business Licenses
– Business License Exemption
– Business License Requirements
– Special Licenses
• Know how and where to apply for business registration and licenses for Business
BUSINESS REGISTRATIONS
• Types
– 16/17
– Limited Companies
– Cooperatives
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Applications Process
LEGAL STRUCTURE
Sole-Proprietorship Partnership Company
Definition A business owned by one person A business firm/ organization of two or more business
partners
A business form which is a legal entity separate and distinct
from its shareholders and directors
Owned by One person Generally between 2 to 20 partners. A partnership of
more than 20 partners must incorporate
Private Company having 50 members
Public Company having more than 50 members
Legal Status • Not a separate legal entity
• Owner has unlimited liability
• Can sue or be sued in individual’s own
name
• Can also be sued in business names
• Owner personally liable for debts and
losses of business
• Not a separate legal entity
• Partners have unlimited liability
• Can sue or be sued in firm’s name
• Cannot own property in firm’s name
• Partner’s personally liable for partnership’s debts and
losses incurred by other partners
• A separate legal entity from its members and directors.
• Members have limited liability
• Can sue or be sued in company’s name
• Can own property in company’s name
• Members not personally liable for debts and losses of
company
•
Registration
requirement
• Age 18 years or above.
• Brunei Citizens and Permanent
Residents only.
• Undischarged bankrupt cannot
manage business without court or
Official Receivers’ Approval
• Age 18 years or above.
• Brunei Citizens and Permanent Residents only.
• Undischarged bankrupt cannot manage business
without court or Official Receivers’ Approval
• Age 18 years or above
• Minimum of 2 directors. (if 2, At least one of the
directors shall be Ordinarily Resident in Brunei
Darussalam)
• Undischarged bankrupt cannot manage business without
court or Official Receivers’ Approval
• At least two shareholders
Formalities and
expenses
Quick and easy to set up
Easy to administer and manage
Registration cost is minimal
Less administrative duties to adhere to
Quick and easy to set up
Easy to administer and manage
Registration cost is minimal
Less administrative duties to adhere to
More costly to set up and maintain
More formalities and formalities to comply with
Annual Returns must be filed as Statutory Requirement of
General Meetings, directors, share allotments, etc.
Set-up fee $35 ($5 for name application fee and
$30 for the registration fee)
$35 ($5 for name application fee and $30 for the
registration fee)
$315 ($5 for name reservation , $10 for extension of
reservation [if applicable] and $300 for the incorporation
fees)
Continuity of the
business entity
Exists as long as the owner is alive and
desires to continue the business
Exists subject to Partnership Agreement A company has perpetual succession until wound up or
struck off
Closing of the
business
By owner – Cessation of business By partners – Cessation of business or dissolution of
partnership
Winding up – Voluntarily by members, compulsorily by the
High Court
Striking Off
39
KNOW HOW AND WHERE TO APPLY FOR
BUSINESS REGISTRATION AND LICENSES
FOR BUSINESS
•WWW.BUSINESS.GOV.BN
•WWW.ROC.GOV.BN
BUSINESS LICENSES
• Business License Exemption
• Business License Requirements
• Special Licenses
DO NOT REQUIRE BUSINESS LICENSES
http://business.gov.bn/Shared%20Documents/pdf/Guidelines%20for%207%20types%20
of%20businesses.pdf
HEALTH AND BEAUTY LICENSE
1. Aerobik
2. Aromaterapi
3. Tukang gunting rambut
4. Melangsingkan badan
5. Kosmetik
6. Rawatan muka dan
badan
1. Gimnasium
2. Salun rambut
3. Merias kuku tangan dan kaki
4. Urut
5. Refleksologi
6. Spa, termasuk kolam air panas
atau sejuk
http://business.gov.bn/Health/Syarat%20dan%20Peraturan%20Mengendalikan%20Establ
ismen%20Kecantikan%20dan%20Kesihatan.pdf
SPECIAL LICENSES AND APPROVAL
– Ministry Of Home Affairs
• Concerts and competitions
– EIDPMO
• Exposition, Bazaar
– Ministry of Development
• construction activity
– Ministry of Culture Youth and Sports
• Child care centres
– Customs and Excise
• shipping
– Ministry of Primary Resources and tourism,
• Tourism, Tour Guides, Homestay
– AiTi
• info-communication
– Municipal board
• management of private car parks.
– Ministry of Finance
• Banks/Finance/Securities companies, Money Changer
/Remittance, Insurance, Auditors
– Department of Land Transport
• Car Importers
– Attorney General Chambers
• Legal Firm
– Ministry of Health
• private clinics
– Ministry of Education
• Schools, private education
PRODUCT AND
SERVICES
& MARKET
RESEARCH
PRODUCT AND MARKET RESEARCH
• Products and Services
– list down products and sales price
• Market Research
– Customers - Market Size and Segmentation
– Competition – indirect and direct
– Market and Industry – PEST analysis
– SWOT
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
•List down products and sales price
•Calculate Sales Forecast (Day/week/month)
•Calculate the direct Costs
•Calculate gross profit per unit
MARKET RESEARCH
•Customers - Market Size and Segmentation
•Competition – indirect and direct
•Market and Industry – PEST analysis
–Political, Economical, Strength, Technology
•SWOT
–Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and
Strength
CUSTOMERS -
•Market Size and
•Market Segmentation
COMPETITION –
•Types
–Indirect
–Direct
•Strengths and weaknesses
MARKET AND INDUSTRY – PEST ANALYSIS
•Political,
•Economical,
•Social
•Technology
SWOT
•Strength,
•Weakness,
•Opportunities
•Threats
SWOT
Internal External
+ Strengths Opportunities
- Weakness Threats
53
MARKETING
MARKET STRATEGY
•Product
•Price
•Place
•Promotion
Print
• Business Cards
• Leaflets & Posters
• Letters and Mail
• Merchandise
Mass
Media
• Billboards
• Newspaper
• TV
• Radio
Electronic
• E-mail
• Social networks
• Websites
• Media sharing
networks
Personal
• Word of mouth
• Referrals
• Direct Selling
PROMOTION
AND
ADVERTISING
56
MARKET STRATEGY
•Discuss
–Marketing Channels
–Marketing Cost month/year
ORGANIZATION
ORGANIZATION
• Organization Chart
• Roles and Responsibilities
IDEAL ORGANIZATION CHART
Managing
Director
Administration
and Finance
Operations
Marketing &
Advertising
Research and
Development
Assistant
Director
60
EXAMPLE - ORGANIZATION CHART
Owner Manager
Cook 1 Cook 2
Grill/
Salai
61
EXAMPLE:
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Roles Responsibilities Qualific
ations
Salary
Manager Manages Operations and marketing, O level $800
Cook •Receives order
•Prepares Food from cooking (rice,
Chicken, sambal) to packaging
•Receives Cash
•Interacts with customers
Form 3 $300
Grill •Receives order
•Prepares Food from grilling to
packaging
•Receives Cash
Form 3 $300
62
EXERCISE EXAMPLE
Manager
Ali
$1,000
Sales and Marketing
Cik
$200+commission
Production
Edward
$500
Admin Clerk
Fatimah
$400
Assistant Manager
Bakar
$750
63
Monthly Total: $2,850
Yearly Total: $34,200
Total Annual TAP/SCP (8.5%): $2,907
Sum Total: $37,107
OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
•Input – Process – output
•Running Costs
•Action Timeline
BUSINESS PROCESS FLOW –
PRODUCT
• Rice, Chicken,
Ingredients
• Drinks
• Packaging
Stocks
Purchase
• Nasi Katok
• Grill/Salai
• In Kitchen
Food
preparation • SMS
• Call
• Shop Front
Sales
66
Input Process Output
BUSINESS PROCESS FLOW –
SERVICES
• Marketing
• Reception
• Sales
Customer
• Booking
• Service
Provision
• Customer
Service
Services
• Termination
or Renewal
or next level
• Referrals and
testimonials
End of Service
67
Input Process Output
FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
• Sales Forecast
• Profit and Loss
• Cash Flow
FINANCIAL STRATEGY
CONTENTS
Start-up Costs
Sales Forecast
Profit and Loss
Break-even analysis
PROFIT AND LOSS
•PROFIT = SALES – RUNNING
COST
PROFIT AND LOSS FORECAST
• Calculates the amount of money going in (from sales) and out (from
operations cost)
• Factors
– Income from Sales of Goods or other items
– Expenses from
• Direct Cost of Goods Expenses ,
Controllable and Fixed Costs
– Calculate
• Gross Profit (Sales – Direct Cost) and Gross Margin
• Net Profit (=Sales – Direct Costs – Fixed Costs)
72
PROFIT AND LOSS
• Profit or Loss = Sales – Var. Cost – Fixed Cost
• Sales
• Variable Cost
– Stocks Purchase
• Fixed Costs
– Rental
– Salary
– Marketing
– Bills (water, electric, gas)
– Licenses
– Other Costs 73
BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS
• What is the purpose?
– To see how many units need to be
sold to make money.
• What you need to know?
– Units Sold
– Sales per unit
– Cost per unit
– Fixed Costs
• Formula:
• Note:
– this is for a single product, for
multiple products you may use
average.
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
0 100 200 300
Units Sold 0 100 200 300
Fixed Costs $2,400 $2,400 $2,400 $2,400
Unit Sales 0 2000 4000 6000
Unit Cost 0 500 1000 1500
Fixed Costs + Variable Cost $2,400 $2,900 $3,400 $3,900
74
PriceCostPriceSales
CostsFixed
salesevenBreak


EXAMPLE: NASIK KATOK
• Formula:
• Sales Price: $1
• Cost Price: $0.75
• Fixed Cost:
– Salary + Rental + Utilities
– $1,700 + $50 + $100 = $1,850
• Break even sales = 1,859/(1-0.75)
• =$7,400
75
PriceCostPriceSales
CostsFixed
salesevenBreak


$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
0 100 200 300
TAKING ACTION
ACTION TIMELINE
•Set Activities - List down Steps
•Set Deadlines - When do you need to do them?
EXAMPLE – ACTIVITY PLANMth Start End Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
Setup
• Research
and Planning
1 Mar 31 Mar 
• Registration 31st
Mar

• Funding 1 Apr 15 Apr 
• Rent/Set up
place
16 Apr 16 May  
• Purchase
Assets
1 May 31st
May
  
•Hire People 2 May  
• Stock
Purchase
4 May     
• Marketing 20 May          
• Operations 30 June         
78
WHAT YOU HAVE
LEARNED?
WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
• Business Ideas
• Legal Process
• Start up Costs
• Products and Services
• Market Research
• Market Strategies
• Finances
–Running Costs
–Profit and Loss
–Break Even Analysis
• Action Timeline
NOTES
http://smebrunei.wordpress.com/PK
BN

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Business and entrepreneurship for pkbn 2017

  • 1. BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODULE F O R N A T I O N A L S E R V I C E P R O G R A M P R O G R A M K H I D M A T B A K T I N E G A R A ( P K B N )
  • 2. INTRODUCTION TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODULE CONTENTS • Business and Entrepreneurship • Business Idea • Legal Processes • Research and Planning • Finances METHOD • Lecture • Sharing • Discussion • Group Discussion and Presentation
  • 3. INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP • What is entrepreneurship? • Why is Entrepreneurship Important? • Who are Entrepreneurs? • Why should you venture into entrepreneurship?
  • 4. WHO WANTS TO START UP A BUSINESS?
  • 6. WHY DO YOU WANT TO BE RICH?
  • 9. FORBES TOP 10 RICHEST PEOPLE (MAR 2016) No. Name Net worth (USD) Age Nationality Source(s) of wealth 1 Bill Gates $75.0 billion 60 United States Microsoft 2 Amancio Ortega $67.0 billion 79 Spain Inditex 3 Warren Buffett $60.8 billion 85 United States Berkshire Hathaway 4 Carlos Slim $50.0 billion 76 Mexico América Móvil, Grupo Carso 5 Jeff Bezos $45.2 billion 53 United States Amazon.com 6 Mark Zuckerberg $44.6 billion 32 United States Facebook 7 Larry Ellison $43.6 billion 71 United States Oracle Corporation 8 Michael Bloomberg $40.0 billion 74 United States Bloomberg L.P. 9 Charles Koch $39.6 billion 80 United States Koch Industries 9 David Koch $39.6 billion 75 United States Koch Industries
  • 11. WHY IS BUSINESS IMPORTANT? F O R T H E B U S I N E S S O W N E R ? F O R Y O U R S E L F A S A C O N S U M E R ? F O R A C O U N T R Y ?
  • 12. WHAT BUSINESS CAN YOU OR DO YOU WANT TO START?
  • 13. WHY SHOULD YOU GO INTO BUSINESS?
  • 15. ENTREPRENEURSHIP VS EMPLOYMENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP • You can create a Business • You are your own Boss • You set your own income • You set your own time • Your are responsible for the whole business • You may need to answer to customers needs EMPLOYMENT • You have to find a Job • You have a Boss • Your Income is set • You have to follow the set time • You are only responsible for your job or your department • You need to answer to boss and job requirements
  • 16. WHAT DO YOU WANT IN LIFE?
  • 18. WHEN CAN YOU ACHIEVE THOSE THINGS?
  • 19. WHY DO YOU WANT TO ACHIEVE THOSE THINGS?
  • 20. HOW CAN YOU MAKE THE MONEY TO ACHIEVE THOSE THINGS?
  • 23. BUSINESS IDEAS •Finding Business Ideas •What will make people give you money? •Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs •Brainstorm for your Business Ideas
  • 24. WHAT IS THE PERFECT BUSINESS IDEA? Passion Make Money Skill
  • 26. HOW CAN YOU MAKE MONEY OFF YOUR PASSION?
  • 27. WHAT WILL MAKE PEOPLE GIVE YOU MONEY? N E E D S
  • 28. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Self- Esteem Social Safety and Security Physiological Self Actualization
  • 29. BUSINESS START UP COSTS • Understanding Costs –Startup Costs • Assets Purchase • Start up Expenses –Running Costs • Understanding Basic Financial Terms
  • 30. UNDERSTANDING COSTS •Startup Costs –Assets Purchase • Fixed Assets • Current Assets –Start up Expenses •Running Costs –Fixed Costs –Variable Costs
  • 31. EXAMPLE: START-UP FOR NASIK KATOK Assets Expenses Fixed Asset Rice Cooker $100 Biz Reg (16/17) $35 Stove $75 Business License $50 Frying Pans $100 Rental $0 Stand $200 Advertising $200 Chair $30 Hiring $600 Fridge $200 Current Asset Rice Grain $65 Chicken $100 Packing $5 Plastic $5 Total Assets $880 Total Expenses $885 Total Start-up cost $1,665 31
  • 32. UNDERSTANDING BASIC FINANCIAL TERMS • Sales • Direct Cost of Goods/ Variable Costs • Gross Profit • Fixed Costs • Nett Profit
  • 33. HOW MUCH MONEY DO YOU NEED TO START UP YOUR BUSINESS?
  • 34. HOW ARE YOU GOING TO GET THE MONEY TO START UP YOUR BUSINESS?
  • 35. SOURCES OF FUNDING • Owner Capital –Sole Owner –Partners • Investors –Angel Investors –Venture Capitalists • Bank Loans • Government Grants
  • 36. WHAT ARE THE LEGAL PROCESSES INVOLVE IN STARTING YOUR BUSINESS?
  • 37. LEGAL PROCESS • Business Registrations – Types – Advantages and Disadvantages – Applications Process • Business Licenses – Business License Exemption – Business License Requirements – Special Licenses • Know how and where to apply for business registration and licenses for Business
  • 38. BUSINESS REGISTRATIONS • Types – 16/17 – Limited Companies – Cooperatives • Advantages and Disadvantages • Applications Process
  • 39. LEGAL STRUCTURE Sole-Proprietorship Partnership Company Definition A business owned by one person A business firm/ organization of two or more business partners A business form which is a legal entity separate and distinct from its shareholders and directors Owned by One person Generally between 2 to 20 partners. A partnership of more than 20 partners must incorporate Private Company having 50 members Public Company having more than 50 members Legal Status • Not a separate legal entity • Owner has unlimited liability • Can sue or be sued in individual’s own name • Can also be sued in business names • Owner personally liable for debts and losses of business • Not a separate legal entity • Partners have unlimited liability • Can sue or be sued in firm’s name • Cannot own property in firm’s name • Partner’s personally liable for partnership’s debts and losses incurred by other partners • A separate legal entity from its members and directors. • Members have limited liability • Can sue or be sued in company’s name • Can own property in company’s name • Members not personally liable for debts and losses of company • Registration requirement • Age 18 years or above. • Brunei Citizens and Permanent Residents only. • Undischarged bankrupt cannot manage business without court or Official Receivers’ Approval • Age 18 years or above. • Brunei Citizens and Permanent Residents only. • Undischarged bankrupt cannot manage business without court or Official Receivers’ Approval • Age 18 years or above • Minimum of 2 directors. (if 2, At least one of the directors shall be Ordinarily Resident in Brunei Darussalam) • Undischarged bankrupt cannot manage business without court or Official Receivers’ Approval • At least two shareholders Formalities and expenses Quick and easy to set up Easy to administer and manage Registration cost is minimal Less administrative duties to adhere to Quick and easy to set up Easy to administer and manage Registration cost is minimal Less administrative duties to adhere to More costly to set up and maintain More formalities and formalities to comply with Annual Returns must be filed as Statutory Requirement of General Meetings, directors, share allotments, etc. Set-up fee $35 ($5 for name application fee and $30 for the registration fee) $35 ($5 for name application fee and $30 for the registration fee) $315 ($5 for name reservation , $10 for extension of reservation [if applicable] and $300 for the incorporation fees) Continuity of the business entity Exists as long as the owner is alive and desires to continue the business Exists subject to Partnership Agreement A company has perpetual succession until wound up or struck off Closing of the business By owner – Cessation of business By partners – Cessation of business or dissolution of partnership Winding up – Voluntarily by members, compulsorily by the High Court Striking Off 39
  • 40. KNOW HOW AND WHERE TO APPLY FOR BUSINESS REGISTRATION AND LICENSES FOR BUSINESS •WWW.BUSINESS.GOV.BN •WWW.ROC.GOV.BN
  • 41. BUSINESS LICENSES • Business License Exemption • Business License Requirements • Special Licenses
  • 42. DO NOT REQUIRE BUSINESS LICENSES http://business.gov.bn/Shared%20Documents/pdf/Guidelines%20for%207%20types%20 of%20businesses.pdf
  • 43. HEALTH AND BEAUTY LICENSE 1. Aerobik 2. Aromaterapi 3. Tukang gunting rambut 4. Melangsingkan badan 5. Kosmetik 6. Rawatan muka dan badan 1. Gimnasium 2. Salun rambut 3. Merias kuku tangan dan kaki 4. Urut 5. Refleksologi 6. Spa, termasuk kolam air panas atau sejuk http://business.gov.bn/Health/Syarat%20dan%20Peraturan%20Mengendalikan%20Establ ismen%20Kecantikan%20dan%20Kesihatan.pdf
  • 44. SPECIAL LICENSES AND APPROVAL – Ministry Of Home Affairs • Concerts and competitions – EIDPMO • Exposition, Bazaar – Ministry of Development • construction activity – Ministry of Culture Youth and Sports • Child care centres – Customs and Excise • shipping – Ministry of Primary Resources and tourism, • Tourism, Tour Guides, Homestay – AiTi • info-communication – Municipal board • management of private car parks. – Ministry of Finance • Banks/Finance/Securities companies, Money Changer /Remittance, Insurance, Auditors – Department of Land Transport • Car Importers – Attorney General Chambers • Legal Firm – Ministry of Health • private clinics – Ministry of Education • Schools, private education
  • 46. PRODUCT AND MARKET RESEARCH • Products and Services – list down products and sales price • Market Research – Customers - Market Size and Segmentation – Competition – indirect and direct – Market and Industry – PEST analysis – SWOT
  • 47. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES •List down products and sales price •Calculate Sales Forecast (Day/week/month) •Calculate the direct Costs •Calculate gross profit per unit
  • 48. MARKET RESEARCH •Customers - Market Size and Segmentation •Competition – indirect and direct •Market and Industry – PEST analysis –Political, Economical, Strength, Technology •SWOT –Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Strength
  • 49. CUSTOMERS - •Market Size and •Market Segmentation
  • 51. MARKET AND INDUSTRY – PEST ANALYSIS •Political, •Economical, •Social •Technology
  • 53. SWOT Internal External + Strengths Opportunities - Weakness Threats 53
  • 56. Print • Business Cards • Leaflets & Posters • Letters and Mail • Merchandise Mass Media • Billboards • Newspaper • TV • Radio Electronic • E-mail • Social networks • Websites • Media sharing networks Personal • Word of mouth • Referrals • Direct Selling PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING 56
  • 59. ORGANIZATION • Organization Chart • Roles and Responsibilities
  • 60. IDEAL ORGANIZATION CHART Managing Director Administration and Finance Operations Marketing & Advertising Research and Development Assistant Director 60
  • 61. EXAMPLE - ORGANIZATION CHART Owner Manager Cook 1 Cook 2 Grill/ Salai 61
  • 62. EXAMPLE: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Roles Responsibilities Qualific ations Salary Manager Manages Operations and marketing, O level $800 Cook •Receives order •Prepares Food from cooking (rice, Chicken, sambal) to packaging •Receives Cash •Interacts with customers Form 3 $300 Grill •Receives order •Prepares Food from grilling to packaging •Receives Cash Form 3 $300 62
  • 63. EXERCISE EXAMPLE Manager Ali $1,000 Sales and Marketing Cik $200+commission Production Edward $500 Admin Clerk Fatimah $400 Assistant Manager Bakar $750 63 Monthly Total: $2,850 Yearly Total: $34,200 Total Annual TAP/SCP (8.5%): $2,907 Sum Total: $37,107
  • 65. OPERATIONS •Input – Process – output •Running Costs •Action Timeline
  • 66. BUSINESS PROCESS FLOW – PRODUCT • Rice, Chicken, Ingredients • Drinks • Packaging Stocks Purchase • Nasi Katok • Grill/Salai • In Kitchen Food preparation • SMS • Call • Shop Front Sales 66 Input Process Output
  • 67. BUSINESS PROCESS FLOW – SERVICES • Marketing • Reception • Sales Customer • Booking • Service Provision • Customer Service Services • Termination or Renewal or next level • Referrals and testimonials End of Service 67 Input Process Output
  • 69. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT • Sales Forecast • Profit and Loss • Cash Flow
  • 70. FINANCIAL STRATEGY CONTENTS Start-up Costs Sales Forecast Profit and Loss Break-even analysis
  • 71. PROFIT AND LOSS •PROFIT = SALES – RUNNING COST
  • 72. PROFIT AND LOSS FORECAST • Calculates the amount of money going in (from sales) and out (from operations cost) • Factors – Income from Sales of Goods or other items – Expenses from • Direct Cost of Goods Expenses , Controllable and Fixed Costs – Calculate • Gross Profit (Sales – Direct Cost) and Gross Margin • Net Profit (=Sales – Direct Costs – Fixed Costs) 72
  • 73. PROFIT AND LOSS • Profit or Loss = Sales – Var. Cost – Fixed Cost • Sales • Variable Cost – Stocks Purchase • Fixed Costs – Rental – Salary – Marketing – Bills (water, electric, gas) – Licenses – Other Costs 73
  • 74. BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS • What is the purpose? – To see how many units need to be sold to make money. • What you need to know? – Units Sold – Sales per unit – Cost per unit – Fixed Costs • Formula: • Note: – this is for a single product, for multiple products you may use average. $0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 0 100 200 300 Units Sold 0 100 200 300 Fixed Costs $2,400 $2,400 $2,400 $2,400 Unit Sales 0 2000 4000 6000 Unit Cost 0 500 1000 1500 Fixed Costs + Variable Cost $2,400 $2,900 $3,400 $3,900 74 PriceCostPriceSales CostsFixed salesevenBreak  
  • 75. EXAMPLE: NASIK KATOK • Formula: • Sales Price: $1 • Cost Price: $0.75 • Fixed Cost: – Salary + Rental + Utilities – $1,700 + $50 + $100 = $1,850 • Break even sales = 1,859/(1-0.75) • =$7,400 75 PriceCostPriceSales CostsFixed salesevenBreak   $0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 0 100 200 300
  • 77. ACTION TIMELINE •Set Activities - List down Steps •Set Deadlines - When do you need to do them?
  • 78. EXAMPLE – ACTIVITY PLANMth Start End Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Setup • Research and Planning 1 Mar 31 Mar  • Registration 31st Mar  • Funding 1 Apr 15 Apr  • Rent/Set up place 16 Apr 16 May   • Purchase Assets 1 May 31st May    •Hire People 2 May   • Stock Purchase 4 May      • Marketing 20 May           • Operations 30 June          78
  • 80. WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED • Business Ideas • Legal Process • Start up Costs • Products and Services • Market Research • Market Strategies • Finances –Running Costs –Profit and Loss –Break Even Analysis • Action Timeline

Editor's Notes

  1. What is it? What does it constitute of? Business Provides Products or Services to Customers in exchange of money. Why is it important? For the business (profits, pay employees), people (get products and service), government(get revenue from taxes)
  2. Financial Strategy is where most people are weak, not everyone has learned accounting. <ask around> So what needs to be covered in this part are the following.