4. Milestones of C&Y services
• Pre War II, 1936 BGCA
• 1958 SWD
• 1965, First White Paper ‘Aims and Policy for Social
Welfare in Hong Kong’ - children centres, youth
centres
• 1966-1967: 2 Riots
5. Riots Investigation Commission Report (1967)
• Two youth riots occurred in 1966 & 1967
• Lack of sense of belonging of the people and a lack of
communication between the people and the Government
• Shortage of recreational facilities and the lack of educational
opportunities
• Congested living environment and the lack of leisure activities
• Recreational activities might keep them occupied and release
their excessive energies.
• Large scale dancing parties were held. 1st Summer Youth
Programme was launched in 1968.
6. 2nd White Paper ‘Social Welfare in Hong Kong:
The Way Ahead’ (1973)
Children and youth services laid down as formal service provision
• C&Y centre: 50 250
Early 1970s, 飛仔; the Government:
• + 活動 + 跳舞
• 1973 滅罪會
7. ‘Social Causes of Violent Crimes among
Offenders in Hong Kong’ Research Report (1975)
• 吳夢珍Findings:
• Come from broken homes
• Do poorly in school
• Involve in gangs
• Have unfavorable attitudes towards law
and the police
• Few of them like to go to existing
youth services
• Failure of basic social systems as key
to juvenile crime
• 1975 ‘Personal Social Work’
• SSW / OR / FLE
• Youth Development & Flight Crime
• Developmental, Preventive, Remedial
9. Development of C&Y services in Hong Kong
from the 1990s Onward
• Mid-1980, recreational debate of C&Y
• 1986, 公民教育委員會, 1990, 青年事務委員會& 青年約章 ( International Youth Year, 1985 – X 青年政策)
• 1992, working party on review of children and youth centre services was set up.
• 1994 The review report
• 1995, 10 Integrated Teams (IT) Experimental project
• 1995 “Social Causes of Juvenile Crime” (HKU) Police Caution Scheme + 2 pilot projects of CSSS
• 1997 Evaluation report on review of C&Y (OSs, CSSS) 138 ICYSCs (2003, Modernization)
• 1997 – 1999, two Youth Mobile Team (Beat Drug)
• 2000, ‘One School, One Social Worker’
• 2002, 16 YOTs , 18 YNDs
• 5 CSSS, Police school liaison team
• UAPP, PATH
• 7 CCPSA ( 黃仁龍司長 2007 - young drug abusers increases)
• 2009 Trial Scheme on School Drug Testing
• 2010 budget, + 4, total 11 CCPSA
• 2011, 3 Cyber Youth Outreach
• 2012, 0.2SSW; 2016, CLAP
NO Five Year Plan since 1998
EPP! FER!! LSG!!
10. 1991. White Paper on “Social Welfare into the
1990s and Beyond” - Integrated Approach
• An integrated approach was recognized as appropriate for
overcoming the problems created by:
• the compartmentalization of client’s needs
• the fragmentation of service provision
• Moreover, it was believed that such approach would:
• provide clients with more convenient access to wide range
of services
• enable more flexible and cost effective use of available
resources
(Hong Kong Government, 1991)
Chan, K. W. & Chan, R. (1992) ‘The Dilemma of Integrating Children & Youth Service in
Hong Kong’ in HKCSS (Ed) New Models for Children and Youth Services p. 97 – 106 Hong
Kong : Hong Kong Christian Service
11. 1992, the Working Party on Review of Children &
Youth Centre Services was set up
• The Review Report and the Implementation Guide was published in 1994.
• The working party adopted a total person perspective and recommended working approaches such as:
• person-centred, multi-level intervention, cross-disciplinary
• flexible deployment of manpower
• maximizing the use of resources
• community-based planning
• systematic coordination of different services
• Four core programmes & FSA:
• Guidance and counselling
• Supportive service for young people in disadvantaged circumstances
• Socialization programmes and
• Development of social responsibility and competence
• 1995. 10 ITs as experimental project
C&Y Centre, OR, SSW, FLE under one management structure
12,000 -18,000 youth population (200,000-300,000 general population for C&Y ctr.)
1 SWO + 5 ASWOs + 1SSWA +5 SWAs + 1 SWW + 2WWs + 1COII +2 CAs + 1WWII
6000-8000sq feet 12000sq feet
12. • Commissioned by SWD, prepared by CityU,
completed at May 1997
• The achievement of the operation of Integrated Teams
was confirmed in the evaluation.
• The service delivery model was highly recommended
as the preferred youth work model in Hong Kong
• 2003 Modernization; 2016, 138 ICYSCs
• Problems / Difficulties in ICYSC’s Operations
• Recommendation
• Multiple models of Integrated practices
• Enhance community-based planning
Local Committee on Service for Young People (LCSYP)
under district office of SWD
1997. Evaluation on the Implementation of the Review
Report on Children and Youth Centre Services
13. • Government Level
• Under the pressure of financial budget cut, no extra resource input to set up ICYSC. Moreover,
resources are drawn to support other services, e.g. one school, one school social worker
• ICYSC as a roof for all services, but all services are still fragmentally operated under one
administrative system
• No detailed operational direction or guidance for team structure in the name of flexibility &
community-based planning
• Agency Level
• Commitment and understanding of agency administrator to the mission and implementation of
integrated social work practice to young people
• Technical & pragmatic considerations
• Community Level
• Acceptance of the community to integrate ‘Youth-at-risk’ into general services provided by ICYSCs
• Social Worker
• Individual & remedial understanding of the needs of young people
• Incompetence to have a macro or comprehensive analysis on youth related problems and
inadequacy in using community work approach
• Not enough knowledge & skills in working with young people at-risk
Problems / Difficulties in ICYSC’s Operations
39. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - UN
The Global Action for the post-2015 development agenda – Union Nations (2016-
2030)
• “To end poverty, promote prosperity and well-being for all, protect the
environment and address climate change”
• “To adopt a new sustainable development agenda that is built on the eight
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)”
(“Transforming our world – The 2030 agenda for sustainable development” –
United Nations)
(MDGs(2000-2015) :(1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, (2) Achieve universal primary
education, (3) Promote gender equality and empower women, (4) Reduce child mortality, (5)
Improve maternal health, (6) Combat HIV/AIDS malaria and other diseases, (7) Ensure
environmental sustainability, (8) Global partnership for development))
42. “Strategy for Youth – Investing and Empowering”
(Commission of the European Communities, 2009)
The EU’s Vision for Young People
• Make the best of their potential (address to all, but actions should
focus on those with fewer opportunities)
• Dual approach:
(1) Investing in Youth - greater resource that affect their daily life and
improve their well being
(2) Empowering Youth - promoting the potential of youth
43. “Strategy for Youth – Investing and Empowering”
(Commission of the European Communities, 2009)
Long-term Strategy Field of Action
Creating more opportunities for youth
in education and employment
(1) Education
(2) Employment
(3) Creativity and Entrepreneurship
Improving access and full participation
of all young people in society
(4) Health and Sport
(5) Participation
Fostering mutual solidarity between
society and youth people
(6) Social Inclusion
(7) Volunteering
(8) Youth and the World
Long-term strategy for youth with Short-term priorities