Dyspnea

Dyspnea Prepared by Abeer Rawy Assistant Lecturer, Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine, Banha University, [email_address]

REFERENCES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Definition ,[object Object],[object Object]

Pathophysiology of Dyspnea ,[object Object],[object Object]

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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Physiologic mechanisms of Diseases Causing Dyspnea

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Physiologic mechanisms of Diseases Causing Dyspnea: Cont.

Physiologic mechanisms of Diseases Causing Dyspnea: Cont. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Physiologic mechanisms of Diseases Causing Dyspnea: Cont.

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[object Object],[object Object],Causes of Dyspnea according to its onset:

Acute onset: cont. ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Subacute onset ( within hours or days )

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nonacute onset ( hours–years )

Modified Borg Category Scale for Rating Dyspnea Very severe 7 Very, very severe ( almost maximal 9 maximal 10 8 6 severe 5 Somewhat severe 4 Moderate 3 slight 2 Very slight 1 Very, very slight (just noticeable) 0.5 Nothing at all 0 Intensity of Sensation Rating

Diagnostic Evaluation of Dyspnea ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

History ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

History ,[object Object],[object Object]

Physical examination ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Grading Scale for Dyspnea ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Dyspnea ,[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Dyspnea:Cont. ,[object Object],[object Object]

Investigation ,[object Object],[object Object]

Investigation ,[object Object]

Echocardiography ,[object Object]

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ,[object Object]

Treatment - General Measures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment with Opioids ,[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment w / Oxygen ,[object Object]

Treatment w / Other Drugs ,[object Object]

Dyspnea

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Dyspnea