Serge has a simple and clear goal: help build an attractive, fossil-free future. In 2017 he launched FutureproofedCities — a cloud-based app to helping municipalities to drive climate plans and actions. Serge shows how innovative technology helps addressing climate change impact and how climate change is a driver for innovation.
4. sciencemag.org SCIENCE
GRAPHIC:N.CARY/SCIENCE
ota ap-
le. Even
emerg-
uropean
requires
ate floor
Conven-
) should
m where
ntal or-
munities
evident
ents un-
strongly
cycle in
0 billion
be elimi-
d by the
. An im-
mediate moratorium on investment in new
unabated coal-based energy would minimize
future stranded assets. China’s greenhouse
gas (GHG) output must continue to decrease
over the coming years, through aggressive
funding of renewables, by abandoning coal
expansion, and by closing mines. The richer
coal-intensive countries must spearhead the
coal exit, and countries like India and Indo-
nesia must follow suit.
By 2020, all cities and major corpora-
tions in the industrialized world should
have decarbonization strategies in place.
The 49 countries already committed to be
carbon neutral by 2050 should have ex-
panded to >100 countries by that time, and
implementation should be under way. The
gravest risk is that emerging economies,
such as South Africa, are driven down the
conventional growth path by sheer inertia.
International efforts must incentivize low-
carbon development as a priority.
Food production contributes to >10%
of global GHG emissions (4) and weakens
natural carbon sinks yet has vast potential
for biological carbon removal. Innovative fi-
nancial mechanisms are needed to incentiv-
ize carbon management in the food system.
Agro-industries, farms, and civil society
should develop a worldwide strategy for
sustainable food systems to drive healthier,
low-meat diets (7) and reduce food waste
(8). Health and sustainability cobenefits—
such as obesity and disease abatement,
pollution reduction, and ecosystems preser-
vation—should spur action.
2020 2030: HERCULEAN EFFORTS
Economies must implement the no-brainer
mitigation measures plus the first wave of
smart and disruptive action. Improving
energy efficiency alone would reduce emis-
2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
0
400
200
Cumulativeglobalanthropo
emissionsfrom2017onwar
Human carbon sinks
Anthropogenic CO2 removals
Biosphere carbon sink
Land use and land-use change
Engineering CO2 sink (BECCS)
Land carbon sink
Ocean carbon sink
Limiting warming
below 1.5°C with
50% probability
Global carbon law guiding decadal pathways
Global CO2 emissions
CO2 removal (GtCO2/yr)
CO2 emissions from
land use (GtCO2/yr)
2020 2030 2040 2050
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Whiskers on total natural sinks:
the 90% range of
modeled uncertainties.
GtCO2/yr
0 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
6 7 8 9 10
ear increaseofannualgains
Constant annual gains
Renewables
d of doubling (years)
fically consistent with the Paris Agreement (3) and its associated carbon fluxes as computed with a simple carbon cycle and climate
ng emissions every decade is marginally more ambitious than the scenario presented. Meeting the Paris Agreement goals will require
2020 and reaching net-zero emissions by 2050. It furthermore depends on rising anthropogenic carbon sinks, from bioenergy carbon
ow) and land use (orange), as well as sustained natural sinks, to stabilize global temperatures.This scenario is broadly consistent
elow 2°C; a median temperature increase of 1.5°C by 2100; estimated peak median temperature increase of 1.7°C; a 50% probability
d CO2 concentrations of 380 ppm in 2100. See supplementary materials (SM). (Bottom left) Nonlinear renewable energy expansion
s (13). Keeping the historical doubling times of around 5.5 years constant in the next three decades would yield full decarbonization
0, with coal use ending around 2030–2035 and oil use, 2040–2045. Calculations, based on (5), are detailed in SM. (Bottom right)
w of halving emissions every decade, a complementary fall in land-use emissions, plus ramping up CO2 removal technologies.
6331
3/22/17 10:48 AM
Published by AAAS
onJune23,2017http://science.sciencemag.org/Downloadedfrom
Carbon law
Halving CO2 emissions
every decade
+ carbon removal to 5Gt/y
••• Futureproofed
Source: Rockström et al., 2017
50.000 ft
••• Futureproofed
Business as usual…
of ROI × 4 ?
Business as usual
Offsetting CO2
A line of ‘eco’ products
Hybrid fleet
Sustainability reports
••• Futureproofed
Necessity is
the mother
of invention
ROI × 4
••• Futureproofed
5. ••• Futureproofed
Reduce costs
1
#
120
kWh/m2*year
• Insulation, windows, energy
efficient equipment, ventilation,
heatpump, solar
• 10 days/home
• Budget neutral
0
kWh/m2*year
Is uw huis toe aan
een Upgrade?
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UW VOORDELEN
Een mooi en comfortabel huis
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Uw woonlasten blijven gelijk*
Zonnepanelen, isolatie en
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In 10 dagen
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dat z’n eigen
energie opwekt.
6. ••• Futureproofed
14 New Energy Outlook 2017
Source: Maycock, Bloomberg New Energy Finance
Solar technology is getting cheaper, faster
0.1
1
10
100
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
historic prices (Maycock) Chinese c-Si module prices (BNEF)
1976
2003
1985
2008
Cumulative capacity (MW)
2015
2017 (est)
2016 ($/W)
NEO 2016
26.5% learning
rate
NEO 2017
28% learning
rate
••• Futureproofed
2.16 ¢/kWh
••• Futureproofed
15 New Energy Outlook 2017
Source: Bloomberg New Energy FinanceSource: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
China U.S.
Tipping point 1: new vs new
Utility-scale
PV
Coal
Onshore
wind
CCGT
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2017 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
$/MWh (real 2016)
Utility-scale
PV
Coal
Onshore
wind
CCGT
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2017 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
$/MWh (real 2016)
••• Futureproofed
Fuel Technology
Fundamental difference:
Fossil energy systems based on Renewable energy systems based on
••• Futureproofed
Utilities
dispel all
doubts about
renewables'
ability to
power planet
Eurelectric summit 2018
Jerome Pecresse,
GE Renewables:
“We are inventing things that
we did not even imagine
three years ago …renewable
baseload is coming fast.”
Francesco Starace, Enel CEO:
electrifying the transport
sector “is not only a winning
strategy, it’s a must.”
7. ROI × 4
••• Futureproofed ••• Futureproofed
Lower risks
2
Carbon bubble
Carbon in currently operating
mines & fields (940 Gt CO2)
exceeds carbon budget
for 2°C and 1.5°C targets.
••• Futureproofed
940
350
800
Gton CO2
science-based targets< 1.5°C < 2.0°C
Source: Bill McKibben, Carbon Tracker
A carbon budget
consistent with a
2°C target would
render the vast
majority of
reserves ‘stranded’
— oil, gas and coal
that will be literally
unburnable
Mark Carney,
Governor of the Bank of
England
(2015)
••• Futureproofed
8. ••• Futureproofed
“
••• Futureproofed
We have to recognise that Tesla has
managed to offer such a car for which
people are lining up.
In this area, there should also be space for
us, with high quality and attractive design
—Hakan Samuelsson, ceo Volvo, May 2017
9. “
••• Futureproofed
… stop production of diesel engines,
which represents about 50% of the
market in Europe, altogether after 2023
—Hakan Samuelsson, ceo Volvo, May 2017
••• Futureproofed
This thing is magnificent, a little rainbow-farting space
ship, so obviously representative of the next step
in the history of autos.
The Model 3 is more than futuristic. It’s optimistic.
Meanwhile…
Model 3 outsells all mid-
sized premium sedans,
combined.
••• Futureproofed ••• Futureproofed
2012
ROI × 4
••• Futureproofed
10. ••• Futureproofed
New business / Innovation
3
BYD’s first electric bus, just seven years ago, was seen as a joke. Now
China’s e-buses are displacing 233,000 barrels of oil a day.
Every five weeks, Chinese cities are adding 9,500
electric buses – the size of the London bus fleet
23rd Apr
2018
Honda’s Asimo
RE-store
Maximising energy savings
through demand side management
••• Futureproofed
12th Feb
2018
“A Powerful Mix of Solar and Batteries Is
Beating Natural Gas”
e.g. Arizona PS Co. opts for a solar-battery project cheaper than gas.
California PURC requires PG&E to use batteries over gas.
The Way Humans Get Electricity Is About To Change Forever
11. Tuscan Slate Textured Smooth
••• Futureproofed
••• Futureproofed ••• Futureproofed
PV + battery
cheaper
than grid
5kW PV system + 13 kWh battery
(Australia, February 2018)
••• Futureproofed
14. For every 100,000 iPhone 6
devices, Liam has the potential
to recover the following
materials:
Aluminum (1900 kg)
Copper (800 kg)
Gold (0.3 kg)
Platinum Group Metals (0.4 kg)
Silver (7 kg)
Tin (55 kg)
Rare Earth Elements (24 kg)
Cobalt (550 kg)
Tungsten (3.5 kg)
Tantalum (2.5 kg)
18Environmental Responsibility Report | 2017 Progress Report, Covering FY2016
Liam is a line of robots that
disassembles iPhone 6 into
individual components, making
it easier to recover finite
resources such as aluminum,
tungsten, and cobalt.
TEXT
TEXT TEXT
16. ROI × 4
••• Futureproofed ••• Futureproofed
It’s better to shape
the future, than be
shaped by it
Will you be the next Kodak?
"Transitioning to this
low-carbon,
sustainable growth
path could deliver a
direct economic gain
of US$26 trillion
through to 2030
compared to
business-as-usual”
NewClimateEconomy.report
••• Futureproofed
“
••• Futureproofed
Third, the full power of the private sector and
innovation needs to be harnessed.
Many companies and investors are already
demonstrating leadership,
and others are ready to align around this agenda…
The New Climate Economy Report 2018
195 countries
agreed:
< 2,0 °C
aiming < 1,5 ° C
by 2100
••• Futureproofed
Source: HadCRUT4.5, 2017
17. ••• Futureproofed
Heroes or
zeroes?
“After the final no, there is a yes.
And on that yes, the future world depends.”
Choose your future
••• Futureproofed
Easter Island Copenhagen Smart City
••• Futureproofed
Choose your future:
The opportunity of a
circular, fossil-free economy
Serge de Gheldere
••• Futureproofed
@sergedg
serge@futureproofed.com