Teaching in/for the 21st century: A case of Development Studies

2010/10/28
1
http://katmaund.blogspot.com/
Source: Banksy
Is learning
simply about
gaining
knowledge? Is
teaching about
transferring
knowledge?
“It's not what
you know that
counts
anymore. It's
what you can
learn.”
~ Don Tapscott
Source:Wheeler2010
http://www.nationalpost.com
Imagination
is more
important
than
knowledge
~ Albert
Einstein www.students.ou.edu
Source:Wheeler2010
“The illiterate of the 21st
century will not be those
who cannot read and
write, but those who
cannot learn, unlearn,
and relearn.”
~ Alvin Toffler
"In the times of
rapid change,
learners inherit the
Earth, while the
learned find
themselves
beautifully equipped
to deal with a world
that no longer
exists."
~ Eric Hoffer
washingtonrebel.typepad.com
Source:Wheeler2010
PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

2010/10/28
2
“For the first time we are preparing students
~
“For the first time we are preparing students
for a future we cannot clearly describe.”
~ David Warlick
Where are we now?
Source:??
Where do we want to be?
Students doing what the
requirements are for their
chosen field of practice
Sourceofphoto:Downes2009
How do we get there?
”I never teach my pupils, I only attempt
to provide the conditions in which they
can learn” ~ Albert Einstein
Teaching is more like
being a conductor…
AdaptedfromTolisano
2009
Source:Tolisano2009

2010/10/28
3
This
means…
Learning
engaged
learning
I’ll starve if all we do is
read about the nuts!
Personalised engaged learning?
http://www.delasallewaterford.com
Source:Wheeler2010
Personalised engaged learning?
http://www.hseb.utah.edu
Source:Wheeler2010
Engaging today’s learners
means tapping into what is
important to them
Which is?
anytime
personalised
anyplace
http://ithalas.com
Source:Wheeler2010

2010/10/28
4
Life
outside
the classroom
http://flickr.com/photos/mcmorr/1294684803/
Source:Cofino2010
Interaction is expected
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cwalker71/2637125074
Source:Cofino2010
Social
http://flickr.com/photos/nattu/895220635/
Source:Cofino2010
Highly customised experiences
http://flickr.com/photos/blackbutterfly/3082335820/
Source:Cvofino2010
Increasingly digital
http://flickr.com/photos/paulm/1584418819/
Source:Cofino2010
constantly
connected
http://flickr.com/photos/crash-candy/2347430057/
Source: Cofino 2010

2010/10/28
5
producers
+
consumers
prosumers
http://flickr.com/photos/ssh/12638218/
Source:Cofino2010
Technology certainly key part of
learning
But it is not about technology per se
http://www.objectlessons.org
“Students today can’t
prepare bark to
calculate their
problems. They
depend on slate
which is more
expensive. What will
they do when they
drop the slate and it
breaks? They will be
unable to write!”
(Teachers conference,
1703)
Sourtce:Wheeler2010
“Students today
depend on paper too
much. They don’t
know how to write
without getting chalk
dust all over them.
What will they do
when they run out of
paper?”
(Principal’s
association – 1815)
http://www.nikkikatz.com
Source:Wheeler2010
“Ball point pens will be the ruin of education in
our country. Students use these devices and
then throw them away. The American virtues of
thrift and frugality are being discarded.”
(US Federal teacher, 1950)
http://www.gadgettastic.com
Source:Wheeler2010
Source:Wheeler2010
The pace of
technology
changes are fast
and accelerating

2010/10/28
6
Society 3.0
Web 1.0: Read,
receive, research
www.localseoguide.com
AdaptedfromWheeler2010
Web 2.0:
Contribute,
collaborate,
create, i.e.
user
participation
AdaptedfromWheeler2010
Web 3.0:
Existing data
re-connected
for other
(smarter) uses
http://farm4.static.flickr.com
Source:Wheeler2010

2010/10/28
7
Twenty years of web historyTwenty years of web historyTwenty years of web historyTwenty years of web history
Source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/interactive/2009/oct/23/internet-arpanet
1992
Email
1994
Netscape
browser
1995
Amazon
1996
Hotmail &
Alta Vista
search
1997
web
blog
1998
Google
search1999 file
sharing 2001
Wikipedia
2003 Skype
& Myspace
2004
Facebook &
Gmail
2005
Youtube
2006
Twitter2006
Iphone
2009 Real
time media
Digital natives vs
digital immigrants
(Marc Prensky)?
Digital residents vs digital visitors (White)
But
digital
In 2009 only
6.9 millions
South Africans
were Internet
users, up from
4.5 mil (11%)
of the
population in
2008

2010/10/28
8
We can’t just
use new
technology to
teach same old
stuff
The use of
technology by
our students
has changed
what and how
we will have to
teach
Shifts in teaching & learning
From Cartesian
paradigm
(transmission)
To ecological
paradigm (socially
produced)
One approach: Sage on stage
l
Source:Downes??
Other approach: Peer-based
social learning
Source:McLeod2009
Source:Downes??
Shift from being knowledgeable
to being knowledge-able
(Michael Wesch)

2010/10/28
9
21st century teaching 21st century skills
Effective communication
Innovation & creativity
Problem-solving
Interactive & collaborate
Critical thinking
Self-direction & responsibilities
Adaptability & flexibility
Online unit
Face-to-face
Other support
Use what over two-
thirds of South
African have (while
many households
have more than
one)

2010/10/28
10
Source:Wheeler2010
Source of photo: Weller 2010
Use Wiki with
MAs that
supervise
Used Wiki for 1st &
2nd year as
collaborative work

2010/10/28
11
Student feedback
Fun &
creative!!!!
http://allfunny.net/pics/crazykids/crazy-kids-8.jpg
• Student’s tweet: ish guys dnt mind my weird
tweets sumtyms, its my assignments... thanks 2
#uj
• Twitter could be a contribution to education
purposes as it allows the students to find and
follow specific personalities, beneficial to their
studies.
• It is simply easy and great, doing academic
assignment with phone 220km away from
Johannesburg.
• Majority fully agree that should continue using
Twitter in teaching, most are only tweeting for
course

2010/10/28
12
• Continue to find new ways of making the
course and module interesting. The web page
was something totally different.
• [I have learnt] doing group work without
meeting any of the group members – you
gotta love technology!
• Despite endless assignments the course is just
so awesome and making you to eager to learn
more.
• A nearly unbelievable request: “Give us more
assignments.”
Do more assignments in hard
copy. Old school teaching
please!
Carina rocks, l wish she would
take me through and through,
but esh online and wetpaint
really sucks.
Some of us hate spending more
time in front of computers.
My reflection Fun!!!!
http://allfunny.net/pics/crazykids/crazy-kids-8.jpg
Challenges for me
• Poor digital literacy of students
• Digital divide: Access to internet
off campus?; no wifi on campus
• E-safety, privacy & digital
footprint – not done enough on
this
• Digital people, but analogue
students (Tan 2009): students
are expecting conventional
lecturing
Sourceofslidebackground:Rowe

2010/10/28
13
Lecturer must have content knowledge,
pedagogy knowledge and technology
knowledge
AND be connected ourselves – become
the learner you are trying to develop
LAST WORDS
“All too often
today we are
giving young
people cut
flowers when
we should be
teaching them
to grow their
own plants.”
~ John W Gardner
Source:Wheeler2010
http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/image/s_flowers-lost-gardens-of-heligan.jpg
http://www.newcastle.edu.au
“[t]he technology is secondary. This is a“[t]he technology is secondary. This is a
social revolution, not a technological
one, and its most revolutionary aspect
may be the ways in which it empowers
us to rethink education and the teacher-
student relationship in an almost
limitless variety of ways.” (Wesch 2009)
Essential elements of
21st century teaching
Development Studies
Emphasise core subjects
Language, Mathematics, Economics,
Science, Geography, History, Government
and Civics
Interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary
Emphasise learning skills Practice- and problem-oriented
Use 21st century tools to
develop learning skills
Critical
Teach & learn in 21st century
context
Relevant to 21st century context
Teach & learn 21st century
content
What is 21st century content of
Development Studies?
Use 21st century assessments
that measure 21st century
skills
Do students only write essays in
your courses?
Content just a tool?
Passion remains everything!

2010/10/28
14
While doctors save lives
Teachers make lives
http://www.taranakicareers.co.nz
Source:Wheeler2010
Your thoughts?
Acknowledgements
• Bolstad R 2008 Disciplining and drafting, or 21st century
learning? Presentation to Cantatech and Aoraki e-clusters at
Darfield, 3 September 2008.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/5514047/21st-century
• Brad Fountain Consumers to creators: How to teach today’s
students
• Rowe M Collaborative knowledge construction with wikis
• Tolisano SR 2009 Take the technology out of the equation.
29 March blog post at
http://langwitches.org/blog/2009/03/29/take-the-
technology-out-of-the-equation/
• Wheeler S 2010 Transformation and inspiration through
social media: Meeting the needs of the 21st century learner.
Keynote speech for ULearn2010, Christchurch, New
Zealand, 6-8 October
• Where not acknowledged on slides, photos/cartoons are
from Google Images

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Teaching in/for the 21st century: A case of Development Studies