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ADAPTATION PATTERNS
IN MULTI-AGENT
ARCHITECTURES:
THE GATHERING PATTERN


 J. Santiago Pérez-Sotelo, CETINIA, URJC
 Carlos E. Cuesta, VorTIC3, URJC
 Sascha Ossowski, CETINIA, URJC


                      Hersonissos, Greece, 18/10/2011
CONTENTS
 Introduction

 Lifecycleof Self-Organising Architectures
 Adaptation Patterns

 The Gathering Pattern

 Conclusions




                                              2
INTRODUCTION
   Current software systems keep growing both in
    complexity and size
     New strategies required to handle this complexity
     Self-adaptation: let’s let systems to do routine task
      themselves
        Many architectural levels to consider

        Potential benefits include scalability

   Multi-Agent Systems (MAS)
     A general problem-solving strategy
     Adding organisations to provide further structuring
     Adding adaptive support to increase flexibility
                                                              3
   Agreement Technologies: the next step
LIFECYCLE OF A SELF-ORGANISING
ARCHITECTURE (I)
   The goal is to provide adaptive organisations
     With an emphasis on coordination mechanisms
     These are created as self-organising architectures
           Achieved by creating emergent agreements
   Any structure is created by combining controls and
    protocols
     Controls: enforce or forbid some interaction
     Protocols: enable or channel behavior

   In a self-organising structure, agents arrange
    “semi”-spontaneously in an “elemental” group
     This will be known as an initiative
                                                           4
     The first step on an emergent agreement
LIFECYCLE OF A SELF-ORGANISING
ARCHITECTURE (II)




                                 5
LIFECYCLE OF A SELF-ORGANISING
ARCHITECTURE (III)
   Sets of controls & protocols are arranged into
    specific patterns
     Groups of agents match these patterns, arranging in a
      preliminary structure
     Initiative: an initial group, which is growing
     Organisation: an established group, which provides
      specific services (just like any agent)
     Agreement: the act which transforms an initiative into an
      organisation
   These specific patterns are designed to deal with
    external adaptation issues
       Hence they are called adaptation patterns                 6
ADAPTATION PATTERNS
   Provide an “attractor” trying to “capture” agents into
    a developing structure
     It either creates or (re)shapes an initiative
     They are architectural patterns
        In an agent-based, service-oriented architecture

        Services “guide” the definition of an organisation

     Defines both a structural and behavioural perspective
   Two kinds of “special” agents appear
     Shifter: an agent which changes
        It shifts its own interface and behavior

     Changent: an agent of change
        It induces changes on others

                                                              7
THE GATHERING PATTERN (I)
   A similar structure of “standard” patterns
       Just like other adaptation patterns
   Has a significant role on a basic “family” of patterns
    (“emergent organisation”)
     A notion similar to a pattern language
     Several different pattern languages can compete /
      collaborate for the same set of agents
   Gathering: the pattern which triggers the formation
    of an initiative
       A “casual” meeting of agents starts to evolve to
        compose an emergent organisation
          Uses a self-organising approach                   8
THE GATHERING PATTERN (II): STRUCTURE
 Name: Gathering
 Classification: Creational

 Intent: Monitors the space, routing information and
  promoting coordination
 Context: There is no initiative yet: agents don’t
  know each other but should begin interaction
 Motivation: To evolve from a simple “set” of agents
  to create a service ecosystem
 Participants:
       Two (or more) agents     shifters
       A venue (a “gathering place”)     the changent   9
THE GATHERING PATTERN (III): PROTOCOL
   The -calculus specification comprises three
    abstractions (processes)
       AgentX: behaviour of any agent
         First, it wakes and it asks where it is
         After event, it identifies and provides a return channel

         It receives the name of another agent, they can interact

         Repeat that indefinitely

       Venue: the gathering place where agents meet
         First, it defines itself as a place to register
         Once more than one agent has registered, it triggers an event
          (of course this can be modified)
         The event is used to “broadcast” the name and channel of

          every agent to the rest of them                                 10
       Subsystem: serves as the connector in this case
CONCLUSIONS
   The gathering provides one among many ways to
    initiate the communication between agents who
    were initially unaware of each other
     Once the initiative has been created, it can evolve in
      many ways to define an organization
     Many other adaptation patterns in charge of this
        Surveyor Election, Surveyor, Facade, etc.

        Protocols might use a different language

     These organisations provide coordination
        This is the evolution of agreements, which are also

         understood as the evolution of MAS
     This approach is still under development
                                                               11
        Adaptive architectures seem already feasible
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION




                            12

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VADER 2011 (Pérez-Sotelo)

  • 1. ADAPTATION PATTERNS IN MULTI-AGENT ARCHITECTURES: THE GATHERING PATTERN J. Santiago Pérez-Sotelo, CETINIA, URJC Carlos E. Cuesta, VorTIC3, URJC Sascha Ossowski, CETINIA, URJC Hersonissos, Greece, 18/10/2011
  • 2. CONTENTS  Introduction  Lifecycleof Self-Organising Architectures  Adaptation Patterns  The Gathering Pattern  Conclusions 2
  • 3. INTRODUCTION  Current software systems keep growing both in complexity and size  New strategies required to handle this complexity  Self-adaptation: let’s let systems to do routine task themselves  Many architectural levels to consider  Potential benefits include scalability  Multi-Agent Systems (MAS)  A general problem-solving strategy  Adding organisations to provide further structuring  Adding adaptive support to increase flexibility 3  Agreement Technologies: the next step
  • 4. LIFECYCLE OF A SELF-ORGANISING ARCHITECTURE (I)  The goal is to provide adaptive organisations  With an emphasis on coordination mechanisms  These are created as self-organising architectures  Achieved by creating emergent agreements  Any structure is created by combining controls and protocols  Controls: enforce or forbid some interaction  Protocols: enable or channel behavior  In a self-organising structure, agents arrange “semi”-spontaneously in an “elemental” group  This will be known as an initiative 4  The first step on an emergent agreement
  • 5. LIFECYCLE OF A SELF-ORGANISING ARCHITECTURE (II) 5
  • 6. LIFECYCLE OF A SELF-ORGANISING ARCHITECTURE (III)  Sets of controls & protocols are arranged into specific patterns  Groups of agents match these patterns, arranging in a preliminary structure  Initiative: an initial group, which is growing  Organisation: an established group, which provides specific services (just like any agent)  Agreement: the act which transforms an initiative into an organisation  These specific patterns are designed to deal with external adaptation issues  Hence they are called adaptation patterns 6
  • 7. ADAPTATION PATTERNS  Provide an “attractor” trying to “capture” agents into a developing structure  It either creates or (re)shapes an initiative  They are architectural patterns  In an agent-based, service-oriented architecture  Services “guide” the definition of an organisation  Defines both a structural and behavioural perspective  Two kinds of “special” agents appear  Shifter: an agent which changes  It shifts its own interface and behavior  Changent: an agent of change  It induces changes on others 7
  • 8. THE GATHERING PATTERN (I)  A similar structure of “standard” patterns  Just like other adaptation patterns  Has a significant role on a basic “family” of patterns (“emergent organisation”)  A notion similar to a pattern language  Several different pattern languages can compete / collaborate for the same set of agents  Gathering: the pattern which triggers the formation of an initiative  A “casual” meeting of agents starts to evolve to compose an emergent organisation  Uses a self-organising approach 8
  • 9. THE GATHERING PATTERN (II): STRUCTURE  Name: Gathering  Classification: Creational  Intent: Monitors the space, routing information and promoting coordination  Context: There is no initiative yet: agents don’t know each other but should begin interaction  Motivation: To evolve from a simple “set” of agents to create a service ecosystem  Participants:  Two (or more) agents shifters  A venue (a “gathering place”) the changent 9
  • 10. THE GATHERING PATTERN (III): PROTOCOL  The -calculus specification comprises three abstractions (processes)  AgentX: behaviour of any agent  First, it wakes and it asks where it is  After event, it identifies and provides a return channel  It receives the name of another agent, they can interact  Repeat that indefinitely  Venue: the gathering place where agents meet  First, it defines itself as a place to register  Once more than one agent has registered, it triggers an event (of course this can be modified)  The event is used to “broadcast” the name and channel of every agent to the rest of them 10  Subsystem: serves as the connector in this case
  • 11. CONCLUSIONS  The gathering provides one among many ways to initiate the communication between agents who were initially unaware of each other  Once the initiative has been created, it can evolve in many ways to define an organization  Many other adaptation patterns in charge of this  Surveyor Election, Surveyor, Facade, etc.  Protocols might use a different language  These organisations provide coordination  This is the evolution of agreements, which are also understood as the evolution of MAS  This approach is still under development 11  Adaptive architectures seem already feasible
  • 12. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION 12