2. What is Cell Membrane? The Cell Membrane, also called the plasma membrane is one of the most vital component’s of a cell. It separates the interior of the cell from the outer environment, and selects certain substances to pass through it. Cell Membranes from Opposing Neurons
3. Which Cell Type Contains the Cell Membrane? Both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic contain the cell membrane
4. Nucleoid Prokaryotic Bacteria Shell In Prokaryotic cells the Plasma Membrane surrounds the cell’s Cytoplasm and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell. Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Prokaryotic cells have a simple internal structure and no true Nucleus. The DNA is found in a region of the Cytoplasm called the Nucleoid.
5. Eukaryotic Cells In Eukaryotic cells, the Plasma Membrane surrounds the cell enclosing the cells organelles. Plant Cell Animal Cell Eukaryotic cells have a more complex internal structure to the prokaryotic cells with many membrane –bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus.
6. The Functions The Cell Membrane is a barrier that separates the intracellular components from the extracellular environment. Cell Membrane can attach the cell to the extracellular matrix so cells can combine together to form tissues. Cell Membrane is semi permeable and controls the substances that go in and out. Many proteins are embedded within the membrane, these proteins have evolved to cope with the problem of exchanging substances and communicating with the external environment.
7. Size The thickness of a Cell Membrane ranges from 6-10nm because of the composition of the membrane which varies cell to cell. If cells experience colder temperatures than it usually does the Cell Membrane becomes thicker. How would you calculate the number of nanometres in 10 cm? 10 x 10^7= 100,000,000nm
9. The Plasma membrane and all membrane surrounding organelles within the cell are made up of a double layer called the Phospholipid bilayer. Phospholipids are different to the common lipid triglyceride because one of the fatty acids are replaced with a phosphate group causing one end of the molecule to be (lipid tail) hydrophobic and the other hydrophilic (lipid head). Another lipid called cholesterol is combined with the Phospholipid molecules and is responsible for the flexibility of the cell membrane since cholesterol prevent the lipid tails from forming strong bonds Phospholipids
10. A variety of proteins are embedded within the membrane either resting on the membrane or penetrating throughout the whole membrane. Protein does a number of jobs, some of the proteins found within the bilayer allowing substances to transport across it, both into and out of the cell. protein molecules also have the ability to receive signals from other cells or from the extracellular environment and convert the signals to messages for the organelles inside the cell. Proteins
11. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are found on the external surface of all eukaryotic cells. Proteins with carbohydrates attached are called glycoprotein, while phospholipids with carbohydrates attached are called glycolipids. These functions in; cell recognition, the ability to distinguish and recognise cells.
15. Active Transport Is the movement of Molecules and ions against the direction they would normally travel by simple diffusion that is from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration
16. Bulk Transport is the process of transporting large quantities of materials into or out of their Cytoplasm all at one time ENDOCYTOSIS Bulk Transport Endocytosis (Endo (within) cytosis (cell) ) is a process in which a substance (e.g. proteins) gains entry into a cell without passing through the cell membrane. EXOCYTOSIS Exocytosis (Exo (exit) cytosis (cell) ) is a process in which a substance is exited from the cell without passing through the cell membrane.
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