MODERN & CONTEMPORARY MUSIC

ANCIEN
T
BAROQU
E
CONTEM
MODER
N
MEDIEV
AL
RENAIS

1. ANCIENT
2. MEDIEVAL (500 BC
– 1400)
3. RENAISSANCE
(1400 – 1600)
4. BAROQUE (1600 –
1750)
5. CLASSICAL (1750 –
1820)

Quarter 1 | Lesson 1
“IMPRESSIONISM”
Teacher: Ms. JONACEL

20th Century Music
The new musical
styles created by 20th
century classical
composers were truly
unique and innovative.
MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

20th Century Music
Impressionism
Expressionism
Neo-Classicism
Avant-garde
Modern Nationalism
and 21st Century

IMPRESSION
ISMMUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

Impressionism
One of the earlier
but concrete forms
declaring the entry of
20th century music.
and 21st Century

Impressionism
It is a French
movement in the late
19th and early 20th
century.
and 21st Century

Impressionism
Moods and
impressions were
emphasized.
and 21st Century

Impressionism
It was an attempt
not to depict
reality, but merely
to suggest it.
and 21st Century

Impressionism
It was meant to
create an emotional
mood rather than a
specific picture.
and 21st Century

Impressionism
 In terms of imagery,
impressionistic forms were
translucent and hazy, as if
trying to see through a
rain-drenched window.
and 21st Century

COMPOSER
S
and 21st Century

The primary
exponent of the
impressionist
movement and
the focal point
for other
impressionist
composers.
and 21st Century

He believed
that the
primary aim
of French
music is to
give pleasure.
and 21st Century

Father of
Modern
School of
Composition
s
and 21st Century

His musical
compositions total
more or less 227
which include
orchestral music,
chamber music,
piano music, operas,
ballets, songs, and
other vocal music.
and 21st Century

Debussy’s western influences
came from composers Franz
Liszt and Giuseppe Verdi.
From the East, he was
fascinated by the Javanese
gamelan that he had heard at
the 1889 Paris Exposition.
and 21st Century

 L’Enfant Prodigue (1884)
 Ariettes Oubliees
 Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
 String Quartet
 Pelleas et Melisande (1895)
 La Mer (1905)—a highly imaginative and atmospheric
symphonic work for orchestra about the sea
 Images, Suite Bergamasque, and Estampes—his most
popular piano compositions; a set of lightly textured
pieces containing his signature work Claire de Lune
(Moonlight)
and 21st Century

“CLAIRE DE LUNE”
(Moonlight)
and 21st Century

He was born in
Ciboure, France.
He entered the
Paris
Conservatory at
the age of 14 where
he studied with the
eminent French
composer GabrielMUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

Virtuoso
Many of his
works deal with
water in its
flowing or stormy
moods as well as
with human
characterizations.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

Ravel was a
perfectionist
and every bit
a musical
craftsman.
and 21st Century

A strong
advocate of
Russian music,
he also admired
the music of
Chopin, Liszt,
Schubert, and
Mendelssohn.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

 Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899)
 Jeux d’Eau or Water Fountains (1901)
 String Quartet (1903)
 Sonatine for Piano (c.1904)
 Miroirs (Mirrors), 1905
 Gaspard de la Nuit (1908), a set of demonic-inspired
pieces based on the poems of Aloysius Bertrand which
is arguably the most difficult piece in the piano
repertoire.
 Daphnis et Chloe (1912),
 La Valse (1920), a waltz with a frightening undertone
that had been composed for ballet and arranged as
well as for solo and duo piano.
 Ravel’s work is approximating 60 pieces for piano,
chamber music, song cycles, ballet, and opera.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

“BOLERO”
and 21st Century

COMPARATIVE
STYLES OF
DEBUSSY & RAVEL
and 21st Century

Debussy was more
spontaneous and liberal in
form, while Ravel was very
conservative and attentive to
the classical norms of musical
structure and the
compositional craftsmanship.
and 21st Century

Debussy was more casual in
his portrayal of visual imagery,
Ravel was more formal and
exacting in the development
of his motive ideas.
and 21st Century

EXPRESSIO
NISM
and 21st Century

Expressionism
A music that expresses
true emotions with
exaggeration.
Very atonal and
dissonant
and 21st Century

Expressionism
It reveals the
composer’s mind,
instead of presenting an
impression of the
environment.
and 21st Century

Expressionism
It served as a medium
for expressing strong
emotions, such as
anxiety, rage, and
alienation.
and 21st Century

and 21st Century

German composer Richard
Wagner influenced his work
as evidenced by his
symphonic poem Pelleas et
Melisande, Op 5 (1903), a
counterpoint of Debussy’s
opera of the same title.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

The man behind the 12-
tone music.
Born in a working-class
suburb of Vienna, Austria
on September 13, 1874 in
Austria. MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

His musical compositions
total more or less 213
which include concerti,
orchestral music, piano
music, operas, choral
music, songs, and otherMUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

His works include the following:
Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op. 11
Pierrot Lunaire
Gurreleider
Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899)
one of his earliest successful pieces,
blends the lyricism, instrumentation, and
melodic beauty of Brahms with the
chromaticism and construction of Wagner.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

“PELLEAS
ET
MELLISAND
E”MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

Born on June 17, 1882 on
Oranienbaum (now
Lomonosov), Russia and died
on April 6, 1971 in NYC.
One of the great
trendsetters of the 20th
century (Modern Era)MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

Stravinsky’s early music
reflected the influence of
his teacher, the Russian
composer Nikolai Rimsky-
Korsakov.
and 21st Century

Stravinsky’s musical output
approximates 127 works,
including concerti, orchestral
music, instrumental music,
operas, ballets, solo vocal, and
choral music
and 21st Century

“PETROUC
HKA”
and 21st Century

Other Musical
StylesMUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

Primitivism
It is tonal through
the asserting of one
note as more
important than the
others.
and 21st Century

Exoticism
use of
materials from
other cultures.
and 21st Century

Nationalism
 use of materials
indigenous to
specific
countries.
and 21st Century

Ethnicism
use of materials
from European
ethnic groups.
and 21st Century

NEOCLASSI
CISMMUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

NEOCLASSICISM
Moderating factor
between the emotional
excesses of the Romantic
period and the violent
impulses of the soul in
expressionism.
and 21st Century

NEOCLASSICISM
Freer use of the
seven-note
diatonic scale.
and 21st Century

BELA VIKTOR
JANOS BARTOK
Born in Nagyszentmiklos,
Hungary (now Romania) on
March 25, 1881.
He started piano lessons at 18
and later entered Budapest
Royal Academy of Music
and 21st Century

BELA BARTOK
He was inspired by the
performance of Richard
Strauss’s Also Sprach
Zarathustra to write his
first nationalistic poem,
Kossuth in 1903.
and 21st Century

BELA BARTOK
His music was
being badly
received in his
country.
and 21st Century

BELA BARTOK
A neo-classicist,
primitivist, and
nationalist
composer.
and 21st Century

BELA BARTOK
A neo-classicist,
primitivist, and
nationalist composer,
he used Hungarian
folk themes and
rhythms.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

BELA BARTOK
He admired the
musical styles of
Liszt, Strauss,
Debussy and
Stravinsky.
and 21st Century

BELA BARTOK
Most famous for his Six
String Quartets (1908–
1938). It represents the
greatest achievement of
his creative life, spanning
a full 30 years for their
completion.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

BELA BARTOK
total more or less 695
which include concerti,
orchestral music, piano music,
instrumental music, dramatic
music, choral music, and
songs.
and 21st Century

BARTOK’S WORKS
Concerto for
Orchestra (1943) –
five-movement work
composed late in
Bartok’s life.
and 21st Century

BARTOK’S WORKS
Allegro Barbaro
(1911)– short and
popular piece for
solo piano.
and 21st Century

BARTOK’S WORKS
Mikrokosmos
(1926-1939) - set of
six books containing
progressive technical
piano pieces.
and 21st Century

BARTOK’S WORKS
PIANO CONCERTO,
No.3 & VIOLA
CONCERTO (1945)-
supposed-to-be 42nd
surprise birthday
presents for his wife.
and 21st Century

“DUET FOR
PIPES”
and 21st Century

SERGEI
PROKOFIEFF
Born in Ukraine
in 1891 and died
in Moscow on
March 15, 1953.
and 21st Century

SERGEI
PROKOFIEFF
 a combination of
neo-classicist,
nationalist, and
avant-garde
composer.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

SERGEI
PROKOFIEFF
uniquely recognizable
for its progressive
technique, pulsating
rhythms, melodic
directness, and a
resolving dissonance.
and 21st Century

SERGEI
PROKOFIEFFHe also wrote Peter and the
Wolf, a light-hearted
orchestral work intended for
children, to appease the
continuing government
crackdown on avant-garde
composers at the time.
and 21st Century

PROKOFIEFF’s
WORKSSymphony no. 1 (also called
Classical Symphony),his
most accessible orchestral
work linked to the combined
styles of classicists Haydn and
Mozart and neo-classicist
Stravinsky.
and 21st Century

CLASSICAL
SYMPHONY
(1st Movement)
and 21st Century

FRANCIS JEAN
MARCEL POULENC
One of the relatively
few composers born
into wealth and a
privileged social
position.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

FRANCIS POULENC
He rejected the heavy
romanticism of Wagner
and the so-called
imprecision of Debussy
and Ravel.
and 21st Century

FRANCIS POULENC
A member of the
group of young
French composers
known as “Les Six.”
and 21st Century

POULENC’S WORKS
Concert Champetre (1928)
Concerto for Two Pianos
(1932)
Concerto for Solo
Piano(1949)
and 21st Century

POULENC’S WORKS
Les Mamelles de Tiresias
(1944) – revealed his light-
hearted character.
Dialogues des Carmelites
(1956) – highlighted his
conservation writing style.
and 21st Century

POULENC’S WORKS
La Voix Humane (1958) –
reflected his own turbulent
emotional life.
Litanies a la vierge noire
(1936) – somber and
solemn work
and 21st Century

POULENC’S WORKS
Stabat Mater (1950) -
carried a Baroque solemnity
with a prevailing style of
unison singing and
repetition.
and 21st Century

POULENC’S WORKS
Poulenc’s musical compositions
total around 185 which include
solo piano works, as well as
vocal solos, known as melodies,
which highlighted many aspects
of his temperament in his avant
garde style.
and 21st Century

“PERPETUAL
MOTION”
and 21st Century

LES SIX
GEORGES AURIC
(1899–1983) wrote
music for the movies
and rhythmic music
with lots of energy.
and 21st Century

LES SIX
LOUIS DUREY (1888–
1979) used traditional
ways of composing and
wrote in his own,
personal way, not
wanting to follow form.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

LES SIX
ARTHUR HONEGGER
(1882–1955) liked chamber
music and the symphony.
His popular piece Pacific
231 describes a train
journey on the Canadian
Pacific Railway.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

LES SIX
DARIUS MILHAUD (1892–
1974) was a very talented
composer who wrote in several
different styles. His love of jazz
can be heard in popular pieces
like Le Boeuf sur le Toit which
he called a cinema-symphony.
and 21st Century

LES SIX
GERMAINE TAILLEFERRE
(1892–1983) was the only female
in the group. She liked to use
dance rhythms. She loved
children and animals and wrote
many works about them. She
also wrote operas, concerti, and
many works for the piano.
and 21st Century

The “LES SIX”
1. Francis Poulenc
2. Georges Auric
3. Louis Durey
4. Arthur Honegger
5. Darius Milhaud
6. Germaine Tailleferre
and 21st Century

AVANT-
GARDEMUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

AVANT-GARDE
Dealt with the
parameters or the
dimensions of
sound in space.
and 21st Century

AVANT-GARDE
Improvisation was a
necessity in this style,
for the musical scores
were not necessarily
followed as written.
and 21st Century

AVANT-GARDE
“Advance Guard”/
“Vanguard”
Part of an army that
goes forward ahead of
the rest.
and 21st Century

AVANT-GARDE
The term refers to
pioneers or
innovators of a
particular period.
and 21st Century

AVANT-GARDE
1945
Post WWII
Music
and 21st Century

AVANT-GARDE
unconventional methods
of sound and form
absence of traditional
rules governing
harmony, melody, and
rhythm
and 21st Century

PHILIP GLASS
One of the most commercially
successful minimalist
composer.
Born in New York, USA of
Jewish parentage, Glass
became an accomplished
violinist and flutist at the age of
15.
and 21st Century

PHILIP GLASS
In Paris, he became
inspired by the music
of the renowned Indian
sitarist Ravi
Shankar.
and 21st Century

PHILIP GLASS
He formed the Philip Glass
Ensemble and produced works
such as Music in Similar
Motion (1969) and Music in
Changing Parts (1970), which
combined rock-type grooves with
perpetual patterns played at
extreme volumes.
and 21st Century

PHILIP GLASS
Glass collaborated with theater
conceptualist Robert Wilson to
produce the four-hour opera
Einstein on the Beach (1976),
an instant sell-out at the New York
Metropolitan Opera House. It put
minimalism in the mainstream of
20th century music.
and 21st Century

PHILIP GLASS
He completed the trilogy with the
operas Satyagraha (1980) and
Akhnaten (1984), based on the
lives of Mahatma Gandhi, Leo
Tolstoy, Martin Luther King, and an
Egyptian pharaoh. Here, he
combined his signature repetitive
and overlapping style with
theatrical grandeur on stage.
and 21st Century

PHILIP GLASS
His musical
compositions total
around 170. Today, Glass
lives alternately in Nova
Scotia, Canada and New
York, USA.
and 21st Century

“EINSTEIN
ON THE
BEACH”
and 21st Century

GEORGE GERSHWIN
born in New York to Russian
Jewish immigrants.
His older brother Ira was his
artistic collaborator who wrote
the lyrics of his songs. His first
song was written in 1916 and
his first Broadway musical La
La Lucille in 1919.
and 21st Century

GEORGE GERSHWIN
From that time on, Gershwin’s name
became a fixture on Broadway.
He also composed Rhapsody in Blue (1924)
and An American in Paris (1928), which
incorporated jazz rhythms with classical
forms.
His opera Porgy and Bess (1934) remains
to this day the only American opera to be
included in the established repertory of this
genre.
and 21st Century

GEORGE GERSHWIN
In spite of his commercial success,
Gershwin was more fascinated with
classical music. He was influenced by
Ravel, Stravinsky, Berg, and
Schoenberg, as well as the group of
contemporary French composers
known as “Les Six” that would shape
the character of his major works—
half jazz and half classical.
and 21st Century

GEORGE GERSHWIN
He is a true “crossover
artist,” in the sense that his
serious compositions remain
highly popular in the classical
repertoire, as his stage and film
songs continue to be jazz and
vocal standards.
and 21st Century

GEORGE GERSHWIN
“Father of American
Jazz,” his “mixture of the
primitive and the
sophisticated” gave his
musician appeal that has
lasted long after his death.
and 21st Century

GEORGE GERSHWIN
total around 369 which
include orchestral music,
chamber music, musical
theatre, film musicals,
operas, and songs.
and 21st Century

“SUMMERTIM
E”
and 21st Century

LEONARD
BERNSTEIN
Born in
Massachussetts, USA.
A charismatic
conductor, pianist,
composer, and
lecturer.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

LEONARD
BERNSTEINHis big break came when he was
asked to substitute for the ailing
Bruno Walter in conducting the New
York Philharmonic Orchestra in a
concert on November 14, 1943. The
overnight success of this event
started his reputation as a great
interpreter of the classics as well as of
the more complex works of Gustav
Mahler.
and 21st Century

LEONARD
BERNSTEIN
He achieved pre-
eminence in two fields:
conducting and
composing for Broadway
musicals, dance shows,
and concert music.
and 21st Century

BERNSTEIN’S
WORKS:
West Side Story
(1957), an American
version of Romeo and Juliet,
which displays a tuneful, off-
beat, and highly atonal
approach to the songs.
and 21st Century

BERNSTEIN’S
WORKS:
Candide (1956) and the
much-celebrated Mass
(1971), which he wrote for
the opening of the John
F. Kennedy Center for the
Performing Arts in
Washington, D.C.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

BERNSTEIN’S
WORKS:
“Harvardian Lectures,” a
six-volume set of his
papers on syntax,
musical theories, and
philosophical insights
delivered to his students
at Harvard University.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

BERNSTEIN’S
WORKS:
His musical
compositions
total around 90.
and 21st Century

“TONIGHT”
and 21st Century

MODERN
NATIONALISMMUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

MODERN NATIONALISM
A looser form of 20th
century music development
focused on nationalist
composers and musical
innovators who sought to
combine modern techniques
with folk materials.
and 21st Century

MODERN NATIONALISM
In Eastern Europe,
prominent figures included
the Hungarian Bela Bartok
and the Russian Sergei
Prokofieff, who were neo-
classicists to a certain
extent.
and 21st Century

MODERN NATIONALISM
Bartok infused Classical
techniques into his own brand
of cross rhythms and shifting
meters to demonstrate many
barbaric and primitive themes
that were Hungarian—
particularly gypsy—in origin.
and 21st Century

MODERN NATIONALISM
Prokofieff used striking
dissonances and Russian
themes, and his music
was generally witty, bold,
and at times colored with
humor.
and 21st Century

MODERN NATIONALISM
Extensive use of
polytonality.
a kind of atonality that
uses two or more tonal
centers simultaneously
and 21st Century

MODERN NATIONALISM
“VISIONS
FUGITIVE”
An example of
Modern Nationalistic
music
and 21st Century

MODERN NATIONALISM
In Russia, a highly gifted
generation of creative
individuals known as the
“Russian Five” infused
chromatic harmony and
incorporated Russian folk
music and liturgical chant in
their thematic materials.MUSIC 10 QUARTER 1: Music of the 20th
and 21st Century

“RUSSIAN FIVE”
Modest Mussorgsky
Mili Balakirev
Alexander Borodin
Cesar Cui
Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov
and 21st Century

MODERN & CONTEMPORARY MUSIC

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