This document provides information on various visual symbols that can be used for teaching, including drawings, diagrams, cartoons, posters, graphs and maps. It discusses the characteristics and examples of each type of visual symbol. The key points are that visual symbols are effective teaching tools, but they must be simple, clear and appropriate for the learners. Creating and using visual symbols requires skill and creativity from the teacher.

3. drawings, cartoon, strip
drawings, diagrams,
formulas, charts,
graphics, maps, globes.

5. A drawing may not be the real thing but
better to have a concrete visual aid than
nothing. To avoid confusion, it is good
that our drawing correctly represents the
real thing.
One essential skill that the teacher
should posses is drawing.

6. Drawings and sketches
• these are crude and simple
lines, which are effective in
showing what needs to be
shown with sufficient clarity,
to make the meaning vivid to
the learners or students.
• a very effective way in
explaining and showing ideas
and concepts

8. Sketching

12. Another useful visual symbol
that can bring novelty to our
teaching is the cartoon. A first
rate cartoon tells its story tells a
story metaphorically. The
perfect cartoon needs no
caption. The less the artist
depends on words, the more
effective the symbolism. The
symbolism conveys the
messages.

13. Example:
This cartoon is
critical of the so-
called
carpetbaggers,
government agents
and others from the
North who often
took advantage of
the South after the
American Civil War
ended in 1865

14. Cartoons
Cartoons- tell stories metaphorically through
pictures, which need no caption.
Symbolism conveys message, less words
more symbolism the better. The cartoon
presents a certain issue or concern which
could be either for or against it.
• It is a pictorial representation or
caricature of a person, idea, situation or
issue that is designed to influence public
opinion.
• They must be presented in a challenging
manner

18. Suggestions for the use of cartoons
• Appropriateness to the experience level- the age and the
experience or maturity of the target learners must be
taken into consideration
• Simplicity- contains only the essential features. The cartoon
must not contain so many details.
• Brevity of captions if ever but they may not be given any.
Short and direct captions are used when necessary.
• Use of clear symbols. Use symbols that are conventional,
like; the dove to mean peace; the owl to mean wisdom or
education; the coffin to mean death; the turtle to mean
slow or sluggishness and others
• Adequateness of size. The cartoon should be big enough to
be seen and appreciated

19. Poster
is a combination of bold
designs and color
primarily intended to
catch attention on a
significant fact, idea or
message. Simply stated,
a poster is a picture with
appropriate caption.

20. Characteristics of a good poster
• It must be bold and simple but dramatizes
features
• It must be appropriate to the grade level and to
the subjects and purpose or purposes
• It must have only limited text, few words are
generally used and key words are made to
standout by means of type size or position.
• It must be attractive, pleasing to the eyes.
• Design and color must be given consideration.
• It must have the elements of dynamism and shock

21. Strip
Drawings

22. These are commonly called
comics or comic strip. Dale(1969)
asserts that a more accurate
term is strip drawings. Make use
of strips that are educational and
entertaining at the same time.

23. Example:

24. Where to use drawing as an
instruction?
These can serve as a motivation and
starter of your lesson. It can also be
given as an activity for students to
express insights gained at the
conclusion of a lesson.
Sources of drawing
You can obtain strip drawings from
newspapers, magazines and books.

25. Diagrams

26. It is “any line drawing that shows
arrangement and relations as a part
to the whole, relative values, origins
and developments, chronological
fluctuations, distribution, etc”.(Dale,
1969)

27. Example:

28. :
Affinity Diagram – used to
cluster complex apparently
unrelated data into natural and
meaningful groups.

29. Example of Affinity Diagram:

30. Work Rewards and Organizational
Job Focus
environment Recognition Philosophy
Supportive Quick and Communicate
Interesting work
Management Appropriate Rewards organizational Goals
Provide Adequate Give Recognition Give Good, clear Provide Challenging
Equipment where Due Directions Experiences
Provide Clean & Opportunity for Make work
Double Goals
Cheerful Environment advancement Meaningful
Good Instruction Adequate salary Focus on our mission Give Responsibility
Effective
Provide Training Good Benefits Remove red tape
Responsibility
Affinity diagram of Keeping Employees Motivated

31. Tree diagram- used to chart
out, in increasing details, the
various tasks that must be
accomplished to complete a
project or achieve a specific
objective.

32. Revise supervisory
Program
Improve work
environment
Refurbish all admin.
Teachers’ Offices
To create a work Improve and ensure
Improve system of opportunities for
environment where rewards and advancement
80-90% of employees Recognition
are motivated
Improve salary and
benefits
Improve
interpersonal
environment

33. Fishbone diagram- it is also
called the cause-and-effect
diagram. It is most commonly
used to analyze work-related
problems.

34. Example of Fishbone Diagram:

36. It is diagrammatic
representation of relationships
among individuals within an
organization.
We can have a seven types of
chart:

37. 1. Time Chart
Is a tabular time chart that
presents data in ordinal
sequence.

38. Example of Time Chart:

39. 2. Tree Or Stream Chart
Depicts development, growth and
change by beginning with a single
course (the trunk) which spread out
into many branches; or by beginning
with the many tributaries which then
converge into a single channel.

40. Example of Tree Or Stream Chart:

41. 3. Flow Chart
Is a visual way of charting or
showing a process from
beginning to end. It is a means
of analyzing a process.

42. Example of Flow Chart:
START

43. 4. Organizational chart
Shows how one part of the
organization relates to other parts of
the organization.

44. Example of Organizational Chart:

45. 5. Comparison or Contrast Chart
Used to show similarities and
differences between two things.

46. Example of Contrast Chart
Attributte 1 Name 1 Name 2
Attribute 2
Attribute 3

47. 6. Pareto chart
Is a type of bar chart, prioritized
in descending order of magnitude
or importance from left to right. It
shows at a glance which factors
are occurring most.

48. Example of Pareto chart

49. Gannt chart
Is an activity time chart

50. Example of Gannt chart

51. Graphs

52. A graphic (such as
a chart or diagram) depicting the
relationship between two or more
variables used, for instance, in
visualizing scientific data.
Graphs are diagrams (pictures)
that can be used to
display/compare collected data.
They communicate "visually

53. There are several types of graph:
1. Circle or Pie Graph
- recommended for showing parts
of the whole

54. Example of Pie Graph
food
shelter
water

55. 2. Bar Graph
-use in comparing the magnitude
of similar items at different ties or
seeing relative sizes of the parts
of a whole.

56. Example of Bar Graph
Enrolment of CTE from 2000-2010

57. 3. Pictorial Graph
- makes use of pictorial
symbol.

58. Example of Pictorial Graph :

59. 4. Line Graph
- A line chart or line graph is a
type of graph, which displays
information as a series of data
points connected by
straight line segments

60. Example of Line Graph

61. 5. Graphic Organizers
- Visual representations of
knowledge, concepts, thoughts,
or ideas. Graphic Organizers
historically have been organized
bits of data in easy-to-understand
formats, such as charts, tables,
and graphs.

62. Example of Graphic Organizers

63. Maps

64. A map is a representation of
the surface of the earth or
some parrt of it.

65. Kinds of Map
Physical Map
-combines in a single projection
data like altitude, temperature,
rainfall, presipitation, vegetation,
and soil

66. Example of Physical Map

67. Relief Map
- has three dimensional
representations and show
contours the physical data of the
earth or part of the earth

68. Example of Relief Map

69. Commercial or Economic Map
-also called product or industrial
map since they show land areas
in relation to the economy.

70. Example of Economic Map
Regions of the United States
Geographers divide the United States into a number of regions
that share common features. These regions are defined by
similar natural features, such as terrain and climate, or by
cultural factors, including shared economic or historical
influences.

71. Political Map
-gives detailed information about
country, provinces, cities and
towns, roads and highways.
Oceans, rivers and lakes are the
main features of most political
maps.

72. Example of Political Map

73. Map Language
Scale
- shows how much is the actual
earth’s surface is represented by
a given measurement of a map.

74. Example Of Scale
The scale of a map defines the relationship between
distance on the map and the corresponding distance on
the earth

75. Symbols- usually a map has a legend
that explains what each symbol
means

76. Color

77. Geographic Grids-
The grid lines are called
meridian and parallel.

78. Examle of Geographic Grids-

79. Understanding Maps, Graphs, and
Charts
Read the titles and the subtitles
Read the key, and/or the legend
Read the information shown along
the side and the bottom of the
graphs and charts and tables, if
any.
Determine your purpose of reading
the map

80. Summing Up

81. Like a picture, a graph and all other visual
symbols, are worth a thousand words. The
proper use of the visual symbols will
contribute to the optimum learning.
Visual symbol come in many forms. For
these visual symbols to be at your finger
tips, you ought to be skilled in making
them.
The collection, preparation and use of
these various visual symbols depend on
the great extent on your own
resourcefulness and creativity. If you used
them skillfully, your classroom may turn into
a beehive of busy students.

82. Postscript – A Lot of Visual
Symbols at Your Disposal

83. You may not realize it. But with visual
symbols alone, you have an array of
teaching materials to choose from. If
you decide and commit yourself to
using one visual symbol for very
lesson, you will keep your teaching
crispy and fresh. You must learn how
to draw, sketch make diagrams,
graphs and charts. The computer can
now do the graphs, the charts and
some diagrams.

84. Thank you!!!!!