Targeting Climate-Smart Agriculture Investments
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Presentation from Dr Caitlin Corner-Dolloff (CIAT) about decision-support framework for targeting investment towards climate-smart agriculture, presented on July 8 at the Our Common Future Under Climate Change science conference in Paris.
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Targeting Climate-Smart Agriculture Investments
- 1. Decision-support framework for targeting investment towards climate-smart agriculture practices and programs Our Common Future Under Climate Change Paris, France 8 July 2015 Caitlin Corner-Dolloff1 c.corner-dolloff@cigar.org AM. Loboguerrero2, M. Lizarazo2, A. Nowak1, F. Howland1, N. Andrieu3, A. Jarvis1,4 (1) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Decision and Policy Analysis Research Area, Cali, Colombia; (2) CCAFS, Latinoamerica, Cali, Colombia; (3) CIRAD, L’unité mixte de recherche innovation et développement dans l’agriculture et l’agroalimentaire, Montpellier, France; (4) CCAFS, CSA Practices Flagship, Cali, Colombia © CIAT/Neil Palmer
- 2. Alliance for CSA in Africa Vision 25 x 25 Map of a selection of CIAT-ICRAF CSA initiatives with CCAFS, WB, USAID from 2014-2105 West Africa CSA Alliance (WACSAA) Global momentum building for CSA
- 3. “The overall aim …. is to support efforts from the local to global levels for sustainably using agricultural systems to achieve food and nutrition security for all people at all times, integrating necessary adaptation, and capturing potential mitigation” (where possible and appropriate) Defining Climate-smart agriculture Lipper et al. (2014) Nature: Climate Change • 24 authors from 15 institutions
- 4. No blanket recommendations Not CSA CSA Many practices/programs/policies can be CSA somewhere But none are likely CSA everywhere Rosenstock et al. unpublished Context
- 5. A set of filters for evaluating CSA options & establishing CSA investment portfolios CSA Prioritization Framework Users: 1° National decision makers 2° Donors, NGOs, implementers Multi- level Linkable Stakeholder Driven Flexible Simple
- 6. CSA Prioritization Framework Filters for selecting CSA investment portfolios *Analysis of context variables Long list of CSA practices CSAPF Pilots: Colombia, Guatemala, Mali, Vietnam *Ex-ante assessment based on CSA indicators *Stakeholder workshop Ranked short list of priorities *Economic analysis – assess costs and benefits Ranked short list based on CBA *Integrated analysis of opportunities & constraints * Stakeholder workshop CSA investment portfolios
- 7. Workshop 1 Guatemala Filtering: Indicators of CSA Pillars Workshop Literature review Expert interview + + Lessons: • Participatory indicator selection - link science with desired change • Improved communications and visualization of data key for CSA decision-making Ranked long list of possible CSA Practices ScoreCSA Practices
- 8. Prioritized Practices Portfolios Designers Producers Research MoAgr Agroforestry systems: live fence Varieties tolerant to pests & diseases 1: low resource farmers Varieties tolerant to drought and water stress 1: low resource farmers Conservation agriculture 2: FS, drought Crop rotation (maize-beans) Reservoirs + Drip irrigation X: FS, drought Guatemala Filtering: Integrated Analysis CSA indicators, CBA, externalities, barriers and opportunities Lesson: Prioritization does not imply one output • Multi-variate analyses allow users to create differentiated portfolios based on intended application and beneficiaries
- 9. Lesson: Process is as important as the content • Discussions of data create space for collaborative integrated planning between users • EU modifying calls based on results – other potential applicants linked from beginning Mali CSA at the Regional Level Policy/Research forums (AEDD) Regional governments NGOs (C-GOZA, Sahel Eco) Donors (EU, Swedish Embassy) CONTEXT POTENTIALUSERS
- 10. Lesson: Local ownership is critical to prioritization • Local communities act as researchers • Minimize extractive data collection • Adapt metrics to local context and socialize prior to users. Training on Survey Discussion on indicators Colombia CSA at the Local Level © CIAT/Andreea Nowak
- 11. • Integrating qualitative and quantitative assessment is critical to CSA planning • Link across levels and bring together multiple sectors – providing opportunities for robust and integrated CSA planning • CSA is about transformation must move beyond laundry lists of what is already happening Key Messages for CSA Prioritization © CIAT/Neil Palmer
- 12. Partnerships for Scaling CSA CSA-Plan Uptake of CSA Plan components, including CSA PF, in 15+ countries in Asia and Africa 2015-2018 ICRAF - T. Rosenstock, C. Lamanna CIAT - E. Girvetz, C. Corner-Dolloff
- 13. Caitlin Corner-Dolloff c.corner-dolloff@cigar.org additional information at: ccafs.cgiar.org/climate-smart-agriculture-prioritization-framework Thank you!
Editor's Notes
- My name is Caitlin Corner-Dolloff I work for the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) I’m here to present a Decision-support framework our team has developed with CCAFS for targeting investment towards climate-smart agriculture practices and programs
- There has been a clear increased in global momentum around CSA I have highlighted a few initiatives on this slide, such as the Global Alliance for CSA The NEPAD CSA Vision aiming to have 25 million farming households achieving CSA by 2025 And there are a number of different alliance developing in Africa GCF has also highlighted CSA as one of 5 priority investment areas. This map shows where our team alone has worked on CSA initiatives the past 2 years GACSA – 500 million farmers globally NEPAD 25 x 25 W Africa – 19 countries ACSAA – 6 million GCF – CSA is one of the 5 priority investment areas – up to this point only about 5% of climate funding has gone towards agriculture Cut logos Could link the name of the alliance with regions they are working in
- But what is CSA exactly? - CSA in an approach for supporting the alignment of climate change and agriculture development objectives It aims to improve planning by explicitly looking at the tradeoffs between food security adaptation, and mitigation All of my work is being conducted in the global south, and there we often look at mitigation as a co-benefit, where possible and appropriate. CSA is multi-dimension and complex to operationalize
- Many users want to have a list of things that are CSA or not But, the reality is that CSA is a continuum within every system. As our colleague Todd Rosenstock always says, “many practices can be CSA somewhere, but non are likely to be CSA everywhere” “There is no, let’s just do CSA!” Demonstrating a key challenge for scaling out CSA
- So given these challenges, our team created a CSA Prioritization Framework aimed at increasing evidence-based decision making around CSA The framework is a set of filters for: evaluating CSA options And establishing CSA investment portfolios It was originally designed for national decision The key principles of the process are to ensure it is: Flexible – to address differentiated needs of users Stakeholder driven Simple – to link with available resources and within planning cycles Can work across levels and can link with existing tools and methods preferred by users
- Our team applied a set of filters on CSA practices linearly to go from a long list of CSA practices to investment portfolios. You can also do these steps by themselves or in other orders We first assess the list of CSA practices that match with a given biophysical and socio-economic context This leaves you with a long list of CSA practices that apply in an area or production system We then used CSA indicators to evaluate the practices and through a stakeholder workshop identifies best-bet options This short list of options was then evaluated using economic analyses to see costs and benefits In the final stage phase we conducted an integrated analysis looking at the indicators assessments, economic analysis, and barriers and opportunities to establish CSA investment portfolios with user groups. This is very much an action research methodology, intended to link with existing planning processes And have been piloted in Colombia, Guatemala, Mali, and now in Vietnam
- I will now walk you through some lessons from Guatemala where the Ministry of Agriculture is working to modify a food aid policy that incentivizes adoption of CSA practices Here you can see that we combined literature review, expert interview, and workshops to filter practices based on indicators Indicators linked to the CSA goals were selected And the assessment demonstrated the tradeoffs between the three CSA goals for every practice, here is an example for CSA Stakeholders then used these quantitative assessments to select a short list of 10 practices for further analysis. The key lessons that came out of this were: Participatory indicator selection is critical to link scientifically relevant metrics with desired changes stakeholders hope to see from applying CSA Without improved communication and visualization of relevant data we will not be able to make the CSA conversation accessible enough for decision-makers to deviate from decision they would have already made and shift priorities. ----(notes) (Practices/indicators: Although practices could have a good performance as a result of the evaluation through indicators, the real benefit of each practice is recognized when an application context is assigned by stakeholders. to link science with priorities) -------
- In the final phase for work in Guatemala we work with stakeholders to look at all of the assessments and then to define CSA investment portfolios As you can see, the portfolios selected by producers and researchers are quite different And the Ministry of Agriculture interestingly created two portfolios: The first for small-scale producers that have low resources And the second more generally to address food security and drought The lesson here is that: prioritization does not imply one output By using multi-variate analyses, users can create differentiated portfolios based on intended application. THIS IS CRITICAL as CSA takes livelihoods into account, so even in the same geographic areas what is climate-smart for some farmers may be slightly different than for others ---- (notes) Portfolios objectives: Government: Portfolio 1: Increase productivity of croplands introducing high quality seeds and soil conservation practices. Portfolio 2 (selected): Guarantee Food Security introducing adapted varieties – for smallholder farmers with limited resources Research: The FOOD SECURITY and sustainability of production systems of small scale farmers of Maize and beans in the dry corridor Producers: reduce the impact of the climate variability on agriculture through conservation of producer’s natural capital (soil, water, landscape) to guarantee FOOD SECURITY and livelihoods. The ‘consensus’ was actually the list of the practices that appeared as a priority more than once. Then the groups work on an action plan for how these different practices could be applied. It was not look at as a portfolios, but was instead having the groups discuss how they could operationalize parts of their portfolios together. ----
- In Mali, we were applying this approach through a national science-policy dialogue forum There were a number of potential users from different sectors, including here researchers, government (env, and agr) NGOs, donors. We saw that the process is as important as the content While discussing data is clearly critical for increasing the effectiveness of CSA The forums for discussing data actually created opportunities for collaborative We saw that the EU in Mali will be modifying their calls based on the outputs of the process and through the prioritization process are engaging with potential applicants from the beginning -----(notes) The southern zone of Mali selected for the prioritization of the CSA practices AMEDD: Association Malienne d'Eveil au Développement Durable/ The Malian Association of Awakening to Sustainable Development AEDD: Agence de l'environnement et du développement durable/ Agency for environment and sustainable development (mission: coordinate the implementation of the environment protection policy, and work to integrate the environmental dimension in all the national policy. this agency is also the focal point for the national platform for climate change) C-GOZA: Groupe de Coordination des Zones Arides / Coordination Group for Drylands (network led by NGOs working in strengthen capacities and knowledge exchanges around food security in African drylands. CGOZA works in the experimental project in terms of action- research: technologies developped for example with ICRAF have been scalled out with NGOs ) Embassy of Sweden: coordinate finantial and technitians partners related to environment (15 partners). the partners meet once a month, and each 3 months with the malian government to deliver political messages. also an important donor in Mali. Sahel Eco: NGO leader of a programme DGIS funded by Netherland. they are defining activities for the programme for the next 4 years. --------
- In Colombia, we are piloting the approach with a local community based organization We are seeing that the framework while designed for national users can work at the local level as well. Local ownership of the prioritization process has been critical. Community members are taking the role of researchers We are minimizing extractive data collection and ensuring the community has data they can use to modifying their own local planning and link with existing projects Metrics were also adapted to the local context
- This brings me to my first key message which is that Ideally, CSA planning will take place across levels simultaneously To do this, tools Linking actors, data, and priorities across levels to ensure robust and integrated CSA Planning Secondly, it is important to integrate qualitative and quantitative assessments It’s not just about the numbers It’s important to understand the desires of stakeholders, and ensure participatory approaches are at the heart of CSA planning And finally! CSA is about transformation People are currently casting what they are already doing as CSA CSA planning often ends up as laundry lists of actions that are already ongoing and the vision of how to transform into systems that better address tradeoffs is missing The only way to get CSA away from being propaganda is to get evidence behind the decisions.
- CSAPlan = a tailored process that guides stakeholders through CSA program design Areas being strengthened: gender, landscape level assessments, value chain approach, adoption suitability modelling Countries: (already have 15 new countries) Profiles 11 new countries 2015 (Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sri Lanka, Uruguay, Nicaragua, USAID 6) CSA-Plan 5 countries through 2016 (VN, 2USAID (Uganda, Senegal?), 1LAM, 2IFAD learning alliance? Nicaragua, VN, Uganda) Program design with COMESA 5 countries 2015 (Namibia, Botswana, TZ, UG, Kenya)