The document discusses climate smart agriculture (CSA) policy and coordination in the East African Community (EAC). It outlines the EAC's role in developing CSA policies and programs to improve agricultural productivity and food security while reducing emissions. Key points include: 1) The EAC has developed a CSA policy framework to guide adaptation and mitigation efforts across the region. 2) Challenges to scaling up CSA include weak institutions, lack of technical capacity and information sharing, and limited funding. 3) Opportunities include mainstreaming CSA into development plans, policies and strategies with support from initiatives like CAADP and efforts to mobilize climate finance. 4) The EAC

1. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Policy Framework and
Coordination in EAC:
Role of Regional Economic Communities
4 December, 2015
Africa Pavilion at COP21/CMP11 Le Bourget
Paris, France
Hon. Jesca Eriyo
Deputy Secretary General, East African Community
Vision: a prosperous, competitive, secure and politically united East Africa

2. Agriculture in a Changing Climate
 Regional IGO of the Republic of Burundi, Republic of Kenya,
Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda established by the EAC Treaty in
1999.
 Overall objective: to develop policies and programmes to widen &
deepen economic, social and cultural, political, research and
technology, defence, security and legal and judicial affairs for
mutual benefits of the Partner States.
 Key economic sectors (agriculture and environment inclusive) that
contribute to GDP but are adversely affected by climate change.
 The EAC has potential and capacity to produce enough food to
meet the region’s food demand + surplus for export.
 Poor agricultural productivity can be attributed to several factors
including:
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3. Agriculture and Climate Change
 Increasing frequency and intensity of droughts and flooding.
 Projections of global warming, climate change may reduce crop yields
in most parts of Africa by between 10 and 20%.
 By 2050, 3% of Africa’s land will no longer be suitable for growing
maize, a major staple crop for over 200 million people in ESA
 Droughts, flooding, and shifts in rainfall will render distort crop
seasons resulting in food insecurity
 1.5°C-2°C warming will contribute to loss of agricultural productivity
by 40-80% of crop land conducive to growing maize, millet, and
sorghum by the 2030s-2040s due to drought and aridity
 Worst case scenario of a 4°C warmer world, around the 2080s, annual
precipitation may decrease by up to 30% in S. Africa, parts E. Africa
will observe more rainfall and othe parts of Africa will be very dry.
 Ecosystems will change to pastoral lands, there will be shift from
grassland to woodland savannahs due to rising CO2 levels, hence
reduce in fodder for grazing, caking of soil, no water etc.
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5. Kilimo Trust
5
- 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Bananas
Sweet Potatoes
Beef
Cassava
Irish Potatoes
Dairy
Beans
Maize
Rice
EAC formal Cross-border Trade as % of
Production by Value
52
51
43
77
70
37
23
50
54
0 20 40 60 80 100
Sweet potatoes
Rice
Maize
Irish potato
Dairy
Cassava
Beef
Beans
Banana
Percentage of produce sold by
the producers
Extent (%) to which Farming
HHs Sell what they Produce –
EAC Average for Key Staple
Foods
Suppressed Regional Trade in Food
 Structural failures in market access, transport infrastructure and trade barriers
leading to inadequate food supply chains and poor distribution of food
commodities from areas with surpluses to those with deficits

6. Case for Climate Smart Agriculture
 Food security under a changing climate a major challenge facing
Africa.
 Competition for land, water and energy will intensify in an attempt to
meet the need for food, fuel and fibre
 Globalization may further expose the food system to the vagaries of
economic, demographic and political pressures
 Global food production must increase by 70-100% by 2050 to meet
the increasing food demand.
Climate-Smart agriculture is agric that sustainably
increases productivity, resilience (adaptation), reduces or
removes GHGs (mitigation), and enhances achievement of
national food security and development goals. (FAO,
2010)
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7. EAC Climate Smart Agriculture Policy Framework
 EAC CSA policy objectives addresses both adaptation and mitigation
 Develop a framework for adaptation in agriculture aimed at improving
agricultural productivity;
 Enhance food security and promote sustainable agricultural practices with
agricultural based emission reduction through land management, planning
and optimal utilization of agricultural resources.
 EAC Climate Smart Agriculture Policy Instruments
 EAC Climate Change Policy (2011); Climate Change strategy (2011/12-
2015/16) and Climate Change Master Plan (2033)
 EAC Agriculture and Rural Development Strategy (2005-2030)
 EAC Food Security Action Plan (2011-2015);
 EAC Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) Protocol;
 EAC CAADP Compact;
 EAC Food Balance Sheet;
 EAC Heads of States Summit Declaration on Food Security & Climate Change
(2010). 7

8. Challenges and Gaps in Up-Scaling CSA
 Regional and national institutional frameworks/structures and arrangements
 Legal inadequacies
 Market access and development
 Value chain development and competitiveness
 Use of traditional, local and indigenous knowledge systems
 Lack of sustainable technical capacities and information sharing and collaborative
partnership
 Collapsed extension and field services at community level
 Climate data capture and climate information services
 Multi-stakeholder participation, Public-Private Partnerships and learning
platforms
 Strategic, sustainable and innovative funding and investments options
 Limited budgetary allocation to agriculture and climate change sectors
 Challenges to accessing climate finance
 Lack of a regional catalytic facility to support investments in national climate
smart agriculture programmes in ESA

9. Existing and Emerging Opportunities
 Attempts to integrate climate change resilience into
national agricultural development plans will help enhance
readiness to address the climate related shocks.
 National climate change policies, strategies, action plans
and putting in place legislative frameworks.
 Developing green growth and low carbon strategies that
aim to integrate climate change into national
development.
 Embracing CSA approach
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10. Existing and Emerging Opportunities
 CAADP (the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development
Programme) and the CAADP Results Framework for results
based monitoring in agriculture
 AU Assembly Maputo Declaration (2003)
 African governments are committed to raise agricultural
productivity by at least 6% and to maintain the annual growth
rate in agricultural production at the same level by 2015.
 African governments have also agreed to increase public
investment in agriculture to 10% of national budgets per year
(AU, 2003).
 Coordinated by the African Union Commission (AUC) through
the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD).
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11. Existing and Emerging
Opportunities
 CAADP is structured around four key Pillars for agricultural improvement and
investment in Africa which are:
 Sustainable Land and Water Management;
 Rural Infrastructure and Trade-Related Capacities for Improved
Market Access;
 Food Supply and Hunger Eradication; and
 Agricultural Research, Technology Dissemination and Adoption.
 Within the context of key NEPAD-CAADP principles and values, CAADP aims to
stimulate and rally resource (technical, financial, etc) support to country and
regional efforts in realizing agricultural driven higher path of economic growth.
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12. Agriculture in the Climate Change Negotiations and Key
COP Decisions
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Agriculture is considered under cooperative sectoral
approaches and sector-specific actions to enhance the
implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1(c), of the Climate
Change Convention.

13. Role of Regional Economic Communities
 The 31st African Union Summit (Malabo, June 2014) further
committed to rally political, technical and financial resources
and action to support the empowerment of farmers and local
communities and related state and non-state institutions, to
ensure the necessary capacity to adapt to and/or mitigate the
effects of climate change.
 Within the context of CAADP and the overarching AU-NEPAD
Framework on Agriculture-Climate Change, the AU Summit
endorsed the African Union Vision – aiming to support at least
25 million farm households in practicing CSA by 2025.
 Supporting and contributing to the Africa Climate Smart
Agriculture Alliance (ACSA) goal and objective.
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14. Role of Regional Economic Communities: EAC
 EAC recognizes that CAADP is at the heart of efforts by African
governments under the AU/NEPAD initiative to accelerate growth
and eliminate poverty and hunger among African countries.
 EAC is committed to adopt the continental CAADP Results
Framework at the regional and national levels as part of the CAADP
implementation agenda.
 The EAC CAADP Results Framework will ensure complementarity
between national and regional interventions as well as harmony
and coherence in implementation of national and regional CAADP
Compacts.
 Coordinating the implementation of EAC CAADP Compact in view
of National CAADP Compacts
 Coordinating and facilitating the harmonization of National CAADP
Compacts and support Partner States in mobilization of resources.
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15. Role of Regional Economic Communities: EAC
 EAC CAADP Compact Development Stocktaking Report
 Draft EAC CAADP Compact
 Constitution of a Regional Multi-Stakeholder Technical Team to provide
technical and advisory guidance towards development and
implementation of EAC Regional CAADP Compact and Investment Plan.
 Supporting Partner States in the implementation of decisions of
international climate change policy negotiations
 Identification of key issues relating to agriculture with a view to
preparing a common position for SBSTA’s and further inform the COP
pursuant to Decision 1/CP17 in collaboration with CCAFS
 Establishment of National CSA Task Forces with to provide technical
oversight in the implementation of the CSA pilot projects and promoting
national CSA policy and practices in collaboration with FAO
 Development of Climate Smart Agriculture Investment Frameworks to
mobilize additional resources for up-scaling CSA activities in the Partner
States 15

16. Role of Regional Economic Communities
 Development and coordination of regional programmes and projects
 Programme on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Eastern
and Southern Africa (COMESA-EAC-SADC) Region aimed at
increasing investments in climate resilient and carbon efficient
agriculture and its linkages to forestry, land use and energy practices
in the COMESA-EAC-SADC countries by 2016. (EUC, Norway and
DfID/UK-Aid funded)
 Planning for Resilience in East Africa through Policy, Adaptation,
Research, and Economic Development (PREPARED) aimed at
strengthening the resiliency and sustainability of East African
economies, trans-boundary freshwater ecosystems and communities
(funded by US government through USAID)
 Development of National Climate Smart Agriculture Programmes16

17. Key Messages
 Need to explore existing and new opportunities to support climate
smart agriculture programming from national budgets and other
regional donor supported projects
 Need to strengthen linkage between CSA and CAADP
 Need to strengthen/ enhance collaboration and partnerships in CSA
programming in accordance with the EAC Treaty, EAC Comprehensive
Dialogue Framework- SG’s Forum for CSOs and Private Sector
 Technical and financial support to the Partner States in
implementation of CSA activities (facilitating CSA Task Forces,
supporting pilots, CSA investment frameworks)
 Supporting implementation of National Appropriate Mitigation
Actions (NAMA) and Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
(INDCs) for Agriculture sector incorporates adaptation and mitigation
measures enabled by internationally supported technology
development and transfer, capacity building and finance
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18. Key Messages
 EAC Consultative Dialogue Framework- SG’s Forum for
CSOs and Private Sectors Enhancing the capacity of
national and regional research organizations
 There is a need for multi-sectoral approaches in
responding to the adverse impacts of Climate Change in
agriculture and food security through sectoral adaptation
and mitigation measures and policies.
 Supporting Regional CSA Knowledge Centres and
international programme for knowledge transfer on CSA
such as CADRESA, ASARECA, ACT, CCAFS etc
 Strengthen Research
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19. Thank You
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