3. Mobile System Generations
First Generation (1G) mobile systems were
designed to offer a single service, i.e., speech
Second Generation (2G) mobile systems were also
designed primarily to offer speech with a limited
capability to offer data at low rates.
Third Generation (3G) mobile systems offer highquality multi-media services and operate in different
environments.
4. Where are We?
Classic Wire line Switched Telephone Network
US Universal coverage achieved early 1980’s
“Wireless” First Generation Analog Systems
Speech, AMPS
Second Generation Digital Systems
Enhanced Capacity
CDMA, AMPS, TDMA, GSM
GPRS, EDGE
Third Generation Systems
“INTERNET” on Wireless
Wi-Fi/ CDMA2000/WCDMA
Evolution to All IP Network including VoIP
6. Key Technologies of 3G
Bluetooth
Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.x standards) – Wi-Fi
Short range wireless communications
Highly utilized and very popular: offices, airports,
coffee shops, universities and schools
Two basic modes of operations:
-Ad-hoc networking: computers send data to one
another
-Access point: sending data to the base station
7. Key Mobility Services in 3G
Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS)
Text, sounds, images, and video
Transition from Short Message Service (SMS)
Open Internet standards for messaging
Web Applications
Information portals
Wireless Markup Language (WML) with signals
using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Location Communications Services
Location Awareness Based
8. Limitations of 3G
Difficulty of CDMA to provide higher data rates
Need for continuously increasing data rate and
bandwidth to meet the multimedia requirements
Limitation of spectrum and it’s allocation
Inability to roam between different services
To provide a seamless transport end-to-end
Mechanism
To introduce a better system with reduces cost
Limitation to meet expectations of applications like
multimedia, full motion video, wireless
teleconferencing.
9. Key 3G and 4G Parameters
Attributes
Major Characteristic
3G
Predominantly voicedata as add-on
4G
Converged data and VoIP
Network Architecture
Wide area Cell based
Frequency Band
1.6 - 2.5 GHz
Hybrid – integration of
Wireless Lan (Wi-Fi),
Blue Tooth, Wide Area
2 – 8 GHz
Bandwidth
5 – 20 MHz
100+ MHz
Data Rate
385 Kbps - 2 Mbps
20 – 100 Mbps
Access
WCDMA/CDMA2000
MC-CDMA or OFDM
Switching
Circuit/Packet
Packet
IP
Multiple versions
All IP (IPv6.0)
Operational
~2003
~2010
10. 4G – what it is ?
4G = 4th Generation mobile communication
A 4G system provides an end-to-end IP solution
where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be
served to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at
higher data rates than previous generations
Data rates (with wide area coverage and significant
mobility) = 50 to 100 Mbps.
Wider bandwidth
End-to-end Quality of service
High security
Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere
11. Key 4G Mobility Concepts
Mobile IP
VoIP
Ability to move around with the same IP address
IP tunnels
Intelligent Internet
Presence Awareness Technology
Knowing who is on line and where
Radio Router
Bringing IP to the base station
Smart Antennas
Unique spatial metric for each transmission
13. 4G Features
Support interactive multimedia, voice, video,
wireless internet and other broadband services.
High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.
Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile
networks.
Seamless switching, variety of services based on
Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.
Better scheduling and call admission control
techniques.
Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.
15. Drivers for adopting 4G
Opportunity for bundling with other services
Reducing operational costs (OPEX)
Introducing new applications and services
Competition pressures
Consolidating number of networks
Multi-play devices available in the markets
Multiple terminals
Smart simplicity
Outstanding performance
16. Broad trends - enabled by 4G
networks
Growing mass: 4G will allow the
mass-market take-up of such
activities as video sharing, multimedia
exchanges, and real-time and remote
collaboration with very high quality of
experience (QOE).
Going virtual: Change in human
behavior. today, many are using
networked alternatives and
extensions, such as Wikipedia and
Flickr -like sites
Going social: Social networks have
grown very rapidly on the basis of
wire line networks growth, and also
introduce an element of going from
one-to-one communications to one-tomany and many-to-many.
Going personal: Making services
more personalized. 4G mobile
network, tied to the applications that
can be deployed through the
combination of high speeds and low
latencies to provide very personalized
experiences
17. Benefits of 4G
Convergence of Cellular Mobile Networks and WLANs
Benefits for Operators
Higher bandwidths, Lower cost of networks and equipment
higher revenue.
Users
Access to broadband multimedia services with lower cost
and here
Convergence of Mobile Communication and
Broadcasting
Benefits for Operators
Cellular operators will benefit from offering their customers
a range of new broadband multi-media services in vehicular
environments.
Users
Users will benefit from faster access to a range of broadband
multi-media services.
18. Applications of 4G
Virtual Presence
Virtual navigation
Tele-geo processing applications
Tele-Medicine and Education
Crisis management
Multimedia– Video Services
19. Key Challenges to 4G
No large user community for advanced mobile data
applications.
Not possible to offer full internet experience due to
limited speed and bandwidth
Comparatively higher cost to use and deploy
infrastructure
Since 3G mobile is still in the market, it squeezes the
market competition in the mobile industry.
Coverage limitations due to high frequencies (> 5
GHz)
Improved User interfaces
Advanced Speech recognition and synthesis
20. Conclusion
Mobile Intelligent Internet and multi media
applications
Seamless Roaming, substantially high and selectable
user bandwidth, customized QoS, Intelligent and
responsive user interface
Mobile IP, Radio Routers, smart Antennas
Continued advances and challenges from 1G -> 4G
Modulation techniques, transreceiver advances,
fast manipulations, user interfaces, IP tunelling
and firewalls
Spectrum usage, regulatory decisions, “one”
standard, authentication and security, multi
disciplinary co-operation
IP + WPAN + WLAN + WMAN + WWAN = 4G
