Combined presentation of student reports and the lectures on Lodging and Accommodation for the subject Principles of Tourism II for the College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management of the Lyceum of The Philippines Cavite, Campus. All photographs are grabbed from the internet and credit is due to their respective photographers.

1. LODGING AND
ACCOMMODATION
(updated January 2015)
Sourced from the Lesson Plan for Principles of Tourism II

2. OBJECTIVES
Identify the scale and size of lodging and
accommodation sector.
Explain the structure of accommodation sector.
Discuss the evolution of the industry.

3. UNIT TOPICS
1. The types of accommodations
2. The Structure of the accommodation sector
3. The nature of the accommodation sector
4. The management of the commercial accommodation sector
5. Quality issues and grading

4. ACCOMMODATION AND THE TOURISM PRODUCT
Necessary component in tourism development
within any/all destinations that seeks to serve
visitors other than day-trippers
Quality and range reflects and influences the range
of visitors to a location
Plays an important role in the overall economic
contribution which tourism makes at a local and
national level.

5. Medlik and Ingram (2000)
“ Hotels play an important role in most countries in
providing facilities for the transaction of businesses,
for meetings and conferences, for recreation and
entertainment…. In many areas hotels are
important attractions for visitors who bring to them
spending power and who tend to spend at a higher
rate than when they do when they are at home.”

6. THE ACCOMMODATION PRODUCT COMPRISES
1. Location
2. Facilities
3. Services
4. Image
5. Price

7. What is the difference between
lodging and accommodation?

8. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS
1. HOTELS - is the most significant and
visible sub-sector. Hotels provides
greatest total employment in global terms,
they account for the highest level of
receipts and are traditionally viewed as an
accommodation that also provides F&B
services to short-stay guests on a paying
basis

9. 2. GUEST HOUSES, INNS, FARM
HOUSES, BED & BREAKFAST are
small, family-style environment with
simple and limited operations where
guests may share facilities and/or
meals with their host
11/14/12
I. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

10. 3. SELF –CATERING ACCOMMODATION are
combination of accommodation with additional
recreational areas and the facility to prepare
food on a personal basis.
An example is the apartment which is a major
element in many Mediterranean resorts.
Other examples includes cottages and gites.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

11. 4. CAMPUS ACCOMMODATIONS
Its facility use includes both within and
outside tourism sector and is often used in a
semi-permanent basis by students.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

12. 5. TIME SHARE are accommodation facilities that
have limited private ownership or they are period-
constrained usually limited to 1-2 weeks a year. They
are self-catering holiday home ownership.
A form of period-constrained, self-catering, holiday,
home ownership, which provides additional benefits to
owners in the form of possible access to similar
properties in resorts throughout the world through
exchange consortia.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

13. 6. YOUTH ACCOMMODATIONS - Young people
tends to utilize accommodation at the low cost
end of the market bed and breakfasts
Youth hotels such as those run by the Youth
Hotel Association (YHA), Young Men’s
Associations (YMCA) and Young women’s
Christian Association (YWCA) and their local
equivalent as well as camp sites
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

14. 7. CAMPING & CARAVAN SITES Travellers bring
their own accommodation to the destination in
the form of tents, caravans or trailers.
These accommodations are restricted in terms
of space and privacy.
11/14/12
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

15. 8. MEDICAL FACILITY ACC Not normally seen as
part of the tourism industry although facilities
in hospitals, especially in private institutions,
are close to the best available within tourism
accommodations
11/14/12
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

16. 9. CRUISE LINERS AND FERRIES – long-distance
passenger liners provide accommodation facilities designed as
a necessary facility and ancillary to the prime purpose of
transport
Ferries, on the other hand, provides functional but limited
accommodation services.
For long – distance passenger liners.
The main form of transport for those wishing for translatic or
intercontinental travel in the era that proceed the
development of wide bodied jets.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

17. 10 TRAINS AND AIRCRAFT
Modernized version of trains provide hotel comforts to
the maximum permitted by space
Bed-like comfort for long-haul travelers on aircrafts for
first-class payee
Similar provision but not a lower scale for business class
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

18. 11. VISITING RELATIVES AND/OR FRIENDS
Utilize facilities within the homes of their
family or friends
Major element within the tourism
industries of many countries, especially
domestic tourism
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

19. COMMERCIAL SECTOR
Operate on the principle of open public
access, public can move freely throughout
these facilities without deterrent of highly
visible security barriers.
A firm that has nothing to do with
farming, manufacturing or transportation
business.
II. Structure of the Accommodation Sector

20. II. Structure of the Accommodation Sector
Commercial
Sector
Hotels, licensed
Hotels, unlicensed
Motels
Private Hotels
Guesthouse
Farmhouses
Caravan Parks
Villas, Apartments,
Chalets
Holiday centers, Villages, Camps
Cruise Ships Hired Yachts

21. Non-Commercial Sector
Youth Hostels
YMCA
Private Caravan
Private Camping
Private Motor homes
Private Yachts
Home Exchanges
Timeshare
Second homes
VFR
Educational Institutions

22. III. THE DISTINCTIVE NATURE OF ACCOMMODATION
1. The first area is the concept that hospitality and
accommodation compromise both tangible and
intangible factors
- Tangible aspects would include: physical
surroundings, equipment needed, décor,
location, and f&b
- Intangible: atmosphere present in an
establishment and most importantly, the service
that the guest experiences

23. 2. Concerns the inseparability of the production
and consumption of good and services in this
sector. The goods and services consumed has no
lasting value
3. The fact that is immediately perishable.
Means it cannot be stored and if it is not sold for
any given night, the opportunity of sale will be
lost forever.

24. SECTORAL OVERLAP
Accommodation sector may or may not exist
in organizational isolation from other section
of tourism economy
Operations that provide accommodation
facilities and nothing else – some budget
hotel product , self- catering cottages and
campsites.

25. Two Fairly unique aspects of the management in
this business(from our reference book):
1. The concept of overbooking is relatively
common within commercial accommodation.
2. In an effort to manage the reservation system
and as a means of ensuring the maximum
numbers of rooms are full at any given time,
accommodation providers have yield or revenue
management.
IV. THE MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL ACCOMMODATION

26. Most of the skills required for effective accommodation management in
hospitality organizations will also be required by any hotel of modest or
greater size.
These include:
1. front office management (comprising reservations, night audit and, in
high-end establishments, the bell captain’s office and the concierge);
2. housekeeping management (including the cleaning of all public and
private spaces, although often an establishment’s kitchens are excluded from
the sphere of responsibility of the housekeeping department and are the sole
responsibility of the head or executive head chef);
3. engineering and maintenance (although in some instances this may be a
separate department);
4. revenue management (which may be a function of front office or,
alternately, of a separate sales and marketing department); and
5. safety and security management.
11/14/12
IV. THE MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL ACCOMMODATION

27. V. QUALITY ISSUES AND GRADING IN THE
ACCOMMODATION SECTOR
It may apply to all sub-sectors but is predominantly
used with respect to hotels.
Classification – “The assignments of hotels to a
categorical rating according to type or property ,
Facilities and amenities offered“
Grading – Quality Dimension, quality perceived to be
an add- on which does not impact upon the star
rating of an establishment.

28. ACCOMMODATION CLASSIFICATION
Currently there is no international standard of
classification for accommodation establishments.
Different continents and sometimes different countries
use variation of classification for accommodation
establishments
Star System
Diamond System
Silver or Gold System

29. ACCOMMODATION GRADING
In South Africa, all accommodation establishments can
be graded through the Tourism Grading Council of South
Africa. (Sourced from:http://www.tourismgrading.co.za/get-graded/what-is-
star-grading/)
“Local establishments are graded from 1 Star up to 5 Stars. With 1 Star being
very basic in the facilities it offers and 5 Stars being a place with all the bells
and whistles. But you need not be a triple-story plush hotel owner to be
awarded a 5 Star Grading. When our Assessors perform a grading, they are
mindful of the type of accommodation being graded. This means that it is
possible for smaller B&B’s to achieve 5 Star Grading’s too – provided they
meet the relevant criteria.”
Others in Europe are graded using A, B or C grading.

30. PURPOSE OF ACCOMMODATION
CLASSIFICATION INCLUDE:

31. HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE ACCOMMODATION
SECTOR
Service intensive business within
accommodation are also labor-intensive and
are always likely to remain so. This is despite
considerable improvements in : productivity
through use of technology ; training ; system
efficiency ; and management effectiveness.

33. Information Technology and Accommodation
Sector

34. Student Learning Guide for Principles of Tourism II
The management of the accommodation sector sourced throug
http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/53483_Wood,_Chapter_1.pdf
References:
11/14/12

35. ASSIGNMENT
1. In your Student Learning Guide, please
answer page 54 and pass the Student
Learning Guide on January 28.
2. How are hotels classified? Give example
per classification.
3. How are hotel graded? Give a grading
example.