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Child Health
1. LOGO
CHILD HEALTH
ht t p: // www. wh o . int / t opic s /c hild_healt h
NGUYEN HUU CHAU DUC, MD
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
2. LOGO
Child Health
• Children represent the future
• Ensuring their healthy growth and development
ought to be a prime concern of all societies
3. LOGO
MDG 4: reduce child mortality
• Target 4.A: Reduce by two-thirds, between
1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate
• The global under-five mortality rate was 87
deaths per 1 000 live births in 1990
• Has dropped to 51/1000 in 2011
8. LOGO
Key Health Dangers for
Children
• The first month of life.
– Preterm birth,
– Birth asphyxia
– Infections
• Health risks to newborns are minimized by:
– Quality care during pregnancy;
– Safe delivery by a skilled birth attendant; and
– Strong neonatal care: immediate attention to
breathing and warmth, hygienic cord and skin care,
and early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding.
9. LOGO
Key Health Dangers for
Children
• From one month to five years of age
– Pneumonia
– Diarrhoea
– Malaria
– HIV/AIDS
– Measles
– Malnutrition
Nearly 6.9 million children under the age of five died in 2011 nearly 800 every hourMost could survive threats and thrive with access to simple, affordable interventionsAlmost 75% of all child deaths are attributable to just six conditions: neonatal causes, pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, measles, and HIV/AIDS.
The risk of death is highest in the first month of life. Preterm birth, birth asphyxia and infections cause most newborn deaths
From one month to five years of age, the main causes of death are pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria and measles. - Pneumonia is the prime cause of death in children under five years of age. Addressing the major risk factors – including malnutrition and indoor air pollution – is essential to preventing pneumonia, as are vaccination and breastfeeding. Antibiotics and oxygen are vital tools for effectively managing the illness.- Diarrhoeal diseases are a leading cause of sickness and death among children in developing countries. Breastfeeding helps prevent diarrhoea among young children. Treatment for sick children with Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) combined with zinc supplements is safe, cost-effective, and saves lives.- One child dies every minute from malaria. Insecticide-treated nets prevent transmission and increase child survival.- Over 90% of children with HIV are infected through mother-to-child transmission; this can be prevented with antiretrovirals, as well as safer delivery and feeding practices.- Malnutrition is estimated to contribute to more than one third of all child deaths.Worldwide, about 20% of deaths among children under-five could be avoided if feeding guidelines are followed. WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months, introducing age-appropriate and safe complementary foods at six months, and continuing breastfeeding for up to two years or beyond.
Reaching the MDG on reducing child mortality will require universal coverage with key effective, affordable interventions: care for newborns and their mothers; infant and young child feeding; vaccines; prevention and case management of pneumonia, diarrhoea and sepsis; malaria control; and prevention and care of HIV/AIDS. In countries with high mortality, these interventions could reduce the number of deaths by more than half.
