Types of Fruits and Their Characteristics
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This document defines and provides examples of different types of fruits. It discusses simple fruits, aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, berries including drupes, pomes, hesperidiums, and pepos. It also covers dry fruits including dehiscent fruits like legumes, follicles, and capsules, and indehiscent fruits such as achernes, nuts, samaras, grains, and schizocarps. Examples are provided for each type of fruit.
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Types of Fruits and Their Characteristics
- 2. SIMPLE FRUITS o Develops from a single ovary containing one or more carpels o Fruits formed from 1 pistil o They may be either true or accessory fruits o Fleshy or dry o A fruit formed by the development of a number of pistils from the same flower. The individual units may be berries or other specific types. AGGREGATE FRUIT MULTIPLE FRUIT o A fruit formed by the development of a number of pistils often with accessory parts, the pistils being from a number of flowers.
- 4. A fruit in which the wall becomes soft and fleshy as it matures.
- 6. A ONE-SEEDED SIMPLE FRUIT DEVELOPED FROM A SUPERIOR OVARY • THE INNERMOST PORTION OF THE WALL (ENDOCARP) BECOMES HARD AND STONY, • THE OUTERMOST PART (EXOCARP) BECOMES RELATIVELY THIN SKIN, • THE MIDDLE PORTION BETWEEN THE SKIN AND STONE (MESOCARP) BECOMES EITHER FLESHY OR FIBROUS. (CHERRY)
- 10. A SIMPLE FRUIT IN WHICH THE OVARY WALL OR AT LEAST ITS INNER PORTIONS BECOME ENLARGED AND USUALLY JUICY TWO SPECIAL TYPES OF BERRIES: • HESPERIDIUM •PEPO
- 13. HESPERIDIUM THIS IS A SPECIAL TYPE OF BERRY IN WHICH A LEATHERY RIND FORMS THE INTERIOR OF THE FRUIT DIVIDED BY SEPTA, INDICATING THE NUMBER OF CARPELS
- 16. PEPO BERRY WITH A RELATIVELY HARD RIND (WATERMELON, GOURDS, SQUASH)
- 19. AN ACCESSORY FLESHY FRUIT FORMED BY A GROUP OF CARPELS MORE OR LESS FIRMLY UNITED WITH EACH OTHER AND SURROUNDED BY AND UNITED TO THE FLORAL TUBE OR RECEPTACLE CONSISTS OF TISSUE DERIVED FROM THE OVARY AND FROM THE PERIANTH A POME IS AN ACCESSORY FRUIT COMPOSED OF FIVE OR MORE CARPELS IN WHICH THE EXOCARP FORMS AN INCONSPICUOUS LAYER
- 21. Fruits in which the coat becomes dry at maturity.
- 23. DRY FRUITS WHICH AT MATURITY OPEN BY DEFINITE NATURAL BEANS TO SHED THE CONTAINED SEEDS TYPES OF DEHISCENT FRUITS: • LEGUME- A DRY DEHISCENT FRUIT DEVELOPED FROM 1 CARPEL AND AT MATURITY SPLITTING ALONG BOTH THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL SUTURES. • FOLLICLE- A DRY DEHISCENT FRUIT DEVELOPED FROM 1 CARPEL AND AT MATURITY SPLITTING ALONG ONLY ONE SUTURE. • CAPSULE- A DRY DEHISCENCENT FRUIT DEVELOPED FROM SEVERAL CARPELS.
- 24. LEGUME
- 27. FOLLICLE
- 30. CAPSULE
- 32. LOCULICIDAL ONE WHICH SPLITS ALONG THE OUTER MEDIAN LINE (LILIES)
- 35. PORICIDAL ONE WHICH OPENS WITH ROUND HOLES
- 37. DENTICIDAL IN A DENTICIDAL CAPSULE, SMALL TEETH AT THE TOP OF THE FRUIT SPLIT OPEN TO RELEASE THE SEEDS
- 39. SEPTICIDAL ONE WHICH SPLITS ALONG THE SEPTA AND OPENS AT TOP
- 41. SILIQUE A SPECIAL LONG SLENDER CAPSULE OF 2 CARPELS.
- 43. SILICLE A SPECIAL SHORT BROAD CAPSULE OF 2 CARPELS.
- 45. PYXIS A CAPSULE WHICH HAS CIRCUMSCISSLE DEHISCENCE.
- 47. DRY FRUITS WHICH DO NOT OPEN WHEN MATURE TO SHED THEIR SEEDS TYPES OF INDEHISCENT FRUITS: • ACHENE • NUT • SAMARA • GRAIN • SCHIZOCARP
- 48. ACHENE
- 51. NUT
- 53. UT>>> ACORN-NUT
- 55. SAMARA
- 58. GRAIN
- 60. SCHIZOCARP
- 63. A cluster or aggregation of many ripened ovaries (fruits) produced from a single flower
- 65. A cluster of many ripened ovaries (fruits) produced by the coalescence of many flowers crowded together in the same inflorescence, typically surrounding a fleshy stem axis.