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Social Networking with Our Students:
 digital identity, privacy and authenticity
18th April 2012            Catherine Cronin
PELeCON #pelc12            @catherinecronin

                                    Image CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 maistora
Image CC BY-NC 2.0 owaie89
“More change will happen in
education in the next ten years                Image CC BY-NC 2.0 owaie89


 than in the past one hundred.”
            Stephen Heppell (2011)


                      “There has been more pedagogic
                          change in the past ten years
                       than the previous one thousand.”
                                       Donald Clark (2011)
CONNECT

CC BY-NC 2.0
               DO

                         Image CC BY-NC 2.0 Jamie Pichora
                                          Ima




               SHARE




                         Image CC BY-NC 2.0 youngdoo
instructor-led   →        student-led

individual       →       collaborative

in class         →        online, open

 1 classroom     →


                     authentic learning
Meaningful learning occurs with
knowledge construction, not reproduction;
conversation, not reception;
articulation, not repetition;
collaboration, not competition;
& reflection, not prescription.



Jonassen, et al (2003)
Learning to solve problems with technology: a constructivist perspective.
5 challenges
awareness




            Image CC BY 2.0 fPat
commitment




      Image CC BY 2.0 vramek
access




         Image CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 theloushe
authority




        Image CC BY-SA 2.0 marfis75
design




         Image CC BY 2.0 seier+seier
Challenge
students...
but honour
who and where
they are.




      Image CC BY-NC 2.0 Michael Mistre
2nd year Professional Skills module
      BSc Computer Science & IT




        + digital literacies

  social media, social networking
                Images: CC BY-SA 2.0 rolvr; CC BY-SA 2.0 openDemocracy; CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 inju
Forum:      @CT231            CT231 circle

Sharing:    public & dm       public & circles

Tagging:    #ct231            #ct231 + #litet

Module      sharing links &   sharing links &
activity:   messages          reflections

Post-       some use          v. little use
module
activity:
#studentvoice


Social media...
“Recently our class has begun to use
more social networking sites like
Facebook and tools like DropBox to
share notes and keep up to date with
lectures. I found this to be a great
benefit in studying and managing my
work.”
#studentvoice


Twitter...
“If a student is working on an
assignment and they don’t understand
something, who better to ask then to
ask the lecturer who set the
assignment!
Twitter allows this question to be posted
instantly, the lecturer or indeed another
student would be very prompt in their
response.”
#studentvoice


Khan Academy...
“Strange putting a face to the voice of
my first year maths lecturer!
Khan Academy is possibly one of the
most useful sources for students
studying maths. The idea is simple, If
you don't understand the first time you
watch it... watch it again.”
authentic
audience


            Image CC BY-ND 2.0 loop_oh
#studentvoice


Social networking...
“Changes my view of social networks
just being used for mindless chatter.
They can actually be useful for
research and feedback if used
correctly.”
“I would recommend Google+
especially in universities because I had
access to all this great reading in
relation to technology that people had
found, that I would probably never find
on my own or read in a book in a
digital identity

   privacy

 authenticity
digital identity




                   Image CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Frederic Poir
Educators need to pay attention to
social networking sites as important for
the social construction of identity,
including personal, social,
and learner identity.


          - Keri Facer & Neil Selwyn (2010)
Image CC BY-NC-ND Will Foste
case study: digital identity (Twitter)

                            Egg
                                6%
 Alias                                 Photo
 25%                                   (self)
                       Avatar              33%
           Exact
                        39%
Nearly     name
name        56%                   Photo
19%                              (group)
                                     22%


    Twitter ID           profile photo
Identity construction involves
identity play!




                        Image CC BY-NC 2.0 maria clara de melo
privacy




          CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Frank
#studentvoice


Openness...
“I was wary about joining a circle of people
that I did not know. On Facebook I always
make sure that what I post or what I am
tagged in will not be seen by people who I
do not want to see it.”

“I did not like adding the LIT students
because I have never met them.”
#studentvoice


Openness...
“I learned a lot more about writing to the public.
Before this I would have been less likely to
express my views to a group of people online
whereas now I would not have a problem in
doing so.”

“By posting publicly it opened up our world to
other academics or people who are just
interested in the topic... I don’t think anyone
would have thought that the author of one of the
works we were researching would get involved.”
Although as this was an assignment I felt like your posts were not only being graded by your lecturer but everyone in the circle too.
Some people offered their opinion only to just get the assignment done and not to really engage in any conversation on the topic.

   authenticity




                                                                                                                         Image CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Photonquantiqu
#studentvoice


Grading...
“As this was an assignment I felt like your
posts were not only being graded by your
lecturer but everyone in the circle, too.”

“Some people offered their opinion only to
just get the assignment done and not to
really engage in any conversation on the
topic.”
Reflection
#studentvoice


Final feedback...
“The module was useful and fun, the only
complaint was that it was a lot of work.
I learned a lot of things and changed some
of my own perceptions and habits online.
Changes happened from what I learned
that I wouldn't ever have thought, like my
uptake of Twitter.”
Learners need to practice and experiment with
different ways of enacting their identities, and
adopt subject positions through different social
technologies and media.


These opportunities can only be supported by
academic staff who are themselves engaged
in digital practices and questioning their own
relationship with knowledge.


                 - Keri Facer & Neil Selwyn (2010)
Thank you!
    @catherinecronin
catherine.cronin@nuigalway.ie
 www.slideshare.net/cicronin

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Social Networking with Our Students | digital identity, privacy & authenticity

  • 1. Social Networking with Our Students: digital identity, privacy and authenticity 18th April 2012 Catherine Cronin PELeCON #pelc12 @catherinecronin Image CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 maistora
  • 2. Image CC BY-NC 2.0 owaie89
  • 3. “More change will happen in education in the next ten years Image CC BY-NC 2.0 owaie89 than in the past one hundred.” Stephen Heppell (2011) “There has been more pedagogic change in the past ten years than the previous one thousand.” Donald Clark (2011)
  • 4. CONNECT CC BY-NC 2.0 DO Image CC BY-NC 2.0 Jamie Pichora Ima SHARE Image CC BY-NC 2.0 youngdoo
  • 5. instructor-led → student-led individual → collaborative in class → online, open 1 classroom → authentic learning
  • 6. Meaningful learning occurs with knowledge construction, not reproduction; conversation, not reception; articulation, not repetition; collaboration, not competition; & reflection, not prescription. Jonassen, et al (2003) Learning to solve problems with technology: a constructivist perspective.
  • 8. awareness Image CC BY 2.0 fPat
  • 9. commitment Image CC BY 2.0 vramek
  • 10. access Image CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 theloushe
  • 11. authority Image CC BY-SA 2.0 marfis75
  • 12. design Image CC BY 2.0 seier+seier
  • 13. Challenge students... but honour who and where they are. Image CC BY-NC 2.0 Michael Mistre
  • 14. 2nd year Professional Skills module BSc Computer Science & IT + digital literacies social media, social networking Images: CC BY-SA 2.0 rolvr; CC BY-SA 2.0 openDemocracy; CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 inju
  • 15. Forum: @CT231 CT231 circle Sharing: public & dm public & circles Tagging: #ct231 #ct231 + #litet Module sharing links & sharing links & activity: messages reflections Post- some use v. little use module activity:
  • 16. #studentvoice Social media... “Recently our class has begun to use more social networking sites like Facebook and tools like DropBox to share notes and keep up to date with lectures. I found this to be a great benefit in studying and managing my work.”
  • 17. #studentvoice Twitter... “If a student is working on an assignment and they don’t understand something, who better to ask then to ask the lecturer who set the assignment! Twitter allows this question to be posted instantly, the lecturer or indeed another student would be very prompt in their response.”
  • 18. #studentvoice Khan Academy... “Strange putting a face to the voice of my first year maths lecturer! Khan Academy is possibly one of the most useful sources for students studying maths. The idea is simple, If you don't understand the first time you watch it... watch it again.”
  • 19. authentic audience Image CC BY-ND 2.0 loop_oh
  • 20. #studentvoice Social networking... “Changes my view of social networks just being used for mindless chatter. They can actually be useful for research and feedback if used correctly.” “I would recommend Google+ especially in universities because I had access to all this great reading in relation to technology that people had found, that I would probably never find on my own or read in a book in a
  • 21. digital identity privacy authenticity
  • 22. digital identity Image CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Frederic Poir
  • 23. Educators need to pay attention to social networking sites as important for the social construction of identity, including personal, social, and learner identity. - Keri Facer & Neil Selwyn (2010)
  • 24. Image CC BY-NC-ND Will Foste
  • 25. case study: digital identity (Twitter) Egg 6% Alias Photo 25% (self) Avatar 33% Exact 39% Nearly name name 56% Photo 19% (group) 22% Twitter ID profile photo
  • 26. Identity construction involves identity play! Image CC BY-NC 2.0 maria clara de melo
  • 27. privacy CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Frank
  • 28. #studentvoice Openness... “I was wary about joining a circle of people that I did not know. On Facebook I always make sure that what I post or what I am tagged in will not be seen by people who I do not want to see it.” “I did not like adding the LIT students because I have never met them.”
  • 29. #studentvoice Openness... “I learned a lot more about writing to the public. Before this I would have been less likely to express my views to a group of people online whereas now I would not have a problem in doing so.” “By posting publicly it opened up our world to other academics or people who are just interested in the topic... I don’t think anyone would have thought that the author of one of the works we were researching would get involved.”
  • 30. Although as this was an assignment I felt like your posts were not only being graded by your lecturer but everyone in the circle too. Some people offered their opinion only to just get the assignment done and not to really engage in any conversation on the topic. authenticity Image CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Photonquantiqu
  • 31. #studentvoice Grading... “As this was an assignment I felt like your posts were not only being graded by your lecturer but everyone in the circle, too.” “Some people offered their opinion only to just get the assignment done and not to really engage in any conversation on the topic.”
  • 33. #studentvoice Final feedback... “The module was useful and fun, the only complaint was that it was a lot of work. I learned a lot of things and changed some of my own perceptions and habits online. Changes happened from what I learned that I wouldn't ever have thought, like my uptake of Twitter.”
  • 34. Learners need to practice and experiment with different ways of enacting their identities, and adopt subject positions through different social technologies and media. These opportunities can only be supported by academic staff who are themselves engaged in digital practices and questioning their own relationship with knowledge. - Keri Facer & Neil Selwyn (2010)
  • 35. Thank you! @catherinecronin catherine.cronin@nuigalway.ie www.slideshare.net/cicronin

Editor's Notes

  1. Hello, I’m here to speak with you today about social networking & learning with our students – and in particular I’ll discuss some key considerations around digital identity, privacy and authenticity.
  2. In the early 1990s, I did some work teaching computing in community-based programmes – programmes for women returning to paid work, for the long-term unemployed, for older people. At that point, the PC was no more than 15 years old, and in widespread use for less than that. Once a student remarked that it felt like she had fallen asleep and missed the computer revolution, and my colleague said, you didn’t fall asleep, you just blinked. That’s very much what this time feels like in education. Affordances in technology in the past decade have changed what we CAN do in education, enormously. Many people, of course, have tried to express the significance of THIS time for education...
  3. And at a keynote talk at this conference last year, Stephen Heppell looked to the future. It is, surely, a significant time in education, and I feel that we – those of us gathered here and others – are explorers together creating the future.
  4. This is a slide I prepared for a conference several months ago... which I share with you for two reasons:Firstly, it summarises my philosophy for learning -- as an explorer!I connect with other educators through personal connections and through social media. Because they share, I have learned from them, it has informed my own teaching. I’m informed, inspired and encouraged by examples of fellow explorer-educators, and then I try things! I do my own work in my own contexts, and then share my thoughts, my students’ work, etc.The cycle continues...My PLN has enabled me to learn from many people... about openness, social media in HE, digital literacies and more.The 2nd reason I share this slide is because it is how I encourage my students to learn. As a motive for sharing and openness... if the work of others enables them to create better work, then why not share and continue the cycle.
  5. My compass for these explorations is AUTHENTIC LEARNINGLearn by Doing. In real-world contexts, if possible. facilitate self-directed and independent learning encourage confidence & cultivate skills such as judgement & flexibility (a challenge for most learners!)Authentic learning is often “messy”, as is real-life!
  6. But there is great value in authentic, meaningful learning...So let’s do it, right?! Why aren’t we all doing this?
  7. 5 main challenges... which I’d like to touch on briefly.
  8. Awareness – (TECHNOPHOBIC)begins with questioning “what’s wrong with the traditional ways?”learning about alternatives, what others are doing, what works well/failed?This is where our own PLNs come in!
  9. There is seeing, and then there is deciding to change. These changes are not simple, they require a great deal of thought, learning, trial & error... Commitment to change is required.
  10. The next two challenges differ at 2nd / 3rd level... so I won’t go into much detail.First is access to technology – to devices, mobile or otherwise, and internet/wireless
  11. Next is authority to make changes. In 2nd level, with the state exams, this may be much more difficult than at 3rd level, but there are challenges in both sectors. Do you, as an educator, have the authority (or support from authority) to transition to student-led learning?
  12. And finally... and only at this point, can we even talk about Learning Design.There are those who say that with the advent of technology, the role of the teacher will be diminished, or replaced altogether. But it is here that I would argue the role of the teacher/educator is paramount.Who are your students?What stage are they at?... technology, maturity, anxiety, etc.What authentic learning activities can you develop with your students, what structures can you put in place, to meet their needs, to challenge them, to light that fire?DESIGN is key! e.g. objectives? format? open/closed? individual/collaborative? tool choice?This is where the role of the teacher is paramount! Knowing your students, meeting them where they are, creating appropriate structures and supports to enable them to create their own learning.
  13. There is discomfort here, for both educators and students. Our roles are different. But the challenge is essential. I will ask students to be active learners, to choose their own learning paths.Howard Rheingold acknowledges this  he says “there is a certain amount of vertigo in self-learning”.The role of the teacher changes, becoming more of a facilitator. We don’t simply leave students to their own devices. As Howard Rheingold says, the role of a facilitator is to say: “This is the size of our universe” – provide context, some structure.Connectivism, too, encourages us to embrace authentic, networked learning within formal education. This means educators shifting from CONTROLLING learning activities, to INFLUENCING. Many of us understand and embrace the value of this, but it is important to understand the dialectic, that changes in educator roles are intimately connected with changes in learner roles.Here is how that played out in my experience teaching a Prof Skills module....
  14. MY challenge  Design authentic learning, from a learner perspective for a 2nd year BSc IT module. OLD: research skills / report writing / class presentationNEW: adding online publishing, producing digital media (not just text), and social media, social networking, social bookmarking, etc.“It only makes sense to use SM to teach about issues surrounding SM.”The course requires that we explore digital literacies, so we explored privacy, digital identity, digital footprint, curation, etc.ASSESSMENTDesigning assessment is a critical part of learning design. Students will be steered (constrained) by assessment requirements. In this module, I gave students opportunities to engage online using both Twitter and Google+ --- which they accepted. Social media & social networking an important aspect of this, i.e. instead of writing a paper on privacy, digital identity, etc. Students use social networks & discuss these topics online, and then reflect on research & the process.
  15. Twitter was clear: either totally public or totally private (DM)Google+ was less clear: either totally public or private to our circle... but private circle posts can be shared. “LEAKY CIRCLES”Twitter was useful for DM’s between students and myself.Twitter was useful for sharing articles, thoughts, quick suggestions.
  16. Google+ was useful for more in-depth reflections, e.g....
  17. Even reflections on Twitter!
  18. And... a reflection on Khan Academy.
  19. Our class / Our class together with LIT class / the world!Beetham: “Interplay between physical and virtual spaces.” – very interesting!Really interesting was the interplay between physical and virtual spaces: I got to know my class very quickly synergistic effect
  20. Students reflected on this use of social networks, with a large audience
  21. 3 themes...Fascinating, is that these are very personal and individual considerations, that we negotiate daily -- as well as exploring them with our students. This puts this kind of teaching in a different realm to teaching effective research skills, for example.
  22. DI = the persona we present across all digital communities It is often said that we leave our "digital footprint" behind as we share and interact online. Elements of our DI include information that we create ourselves -- as well as information about us which is posted by others.In class, we discussed DI:Protect your digital identityProactively choose/create your digital identity  an act of identity construction, “self authoring”
  23. Growing number of studies examining how students negotiate this different spaces.Lea (2009) found that students who were relentlessly public with their social identities were very reluctant to manifest their academic identities in public ways.We must help students negotiate this!! i.e. Develop/manage identities, express opinions across academic & social spaces.Only way is by DOING it!
  24. Who are you? And how to you construct YOU online?
  25. Digital identity on Twitter – statisticsDigital identity different! Google+ had a real-name policy... this has since been changed, but the trend has been set.
  26. We have to embrace play!Moodle/BB = students are themselvesTwitter / SN’s = anything they want to be  value here, but we must be willing to accept & engage.Web *IS* a place for play & experimentation... pseudonyms, avatars, different IDs in different placesWe *ALL* do this to a certain extent!We must allow our students to do the same.
  27. What *is* privacy?Is it closing the door? Is it closing the door to whom we wish, when we wish?The nature of digital artefacts is that it is very, very difficult to ensure the privacy of ANYthing online!Mark Zuckerberg, asserts that sharing or "public" is the new social norm.  Jeff Jarvis, author of Public Parts: How Sharing in the Digital Age Improves the Way We Work and Live, acknowledges that fear accompanies the adoption of any new technology and notes that "we will make a lot of mistakes as we develop social norms around how to treat information online". Sherry Turkle, author of Alone Together, maintains that democracy requires that we retain a zone of privacy around the individual.danahboyd writes about being aware of an "invisible audience" -- defines 4 key characterisics of information (about us) which exist online. Persistent: recorded & archivedReplicable: can be duplicatedScalable: potential visibility is greatSearchable: accessible through searchPrivacy on Twitter – it doesn’t existPrivacy on Google+ ... set up circles... But they are leaky! Private posts can be shared Circles can be invited others (and others can do this!)
  28. Students read, discussed and shared reflections on privacy in Google+.Some were very particular about their privacy (their nature, advice given in schools,???)
  29. Others embraced openness.This was incredibly powerful, and one which demanded a lot of discussion. Students replied to one another, but I felt it was important to acknowledge various stances on privacy. At the same time, I adopted my Challenge but Honour stance... asked students to take the challenge and then reflect. Some liked it, some didn’t.
  30. Authenticity... what is authentic?Authenticity: Who am I? We all have different voices in different contexts.FB – T – G+ and offline... Friends, family, students, strangers, etc. Helen Keegan has written of the “tyranny of authenticity”Our online voice is performed, to some extentWhen we encourage students to manage their DI, we adopt a rhetoric of openness & authenticity.Transition from ‘me’ to ‘professional.me’  students must make their own choices & evolve their own voice The notion of assessment gets in the way of authenticity. It can’t help but!
  31. Even though the grade was based on participation... This was hard to avoid.MEASURING... effort, engagement, reflection (Dave Cormier, rhizomatic learning)
  32. Authentic learning is messy! There are no digital natives – students have a wide range of feelings about online privacy, many very sophisticated!Social networking w/ students is challenging (for all), must anticipate wide range of student responses...[-] won’t participate, did not like the activity[+] embrace, aha!, favourite classConclusions! Sensitivity to students’ emerging online identitiesWeb is a place for play & experimentation... expect and encourage “play” with DIs This will entail pseudonyms, avatars, inappropriate photos, etc. We all do this It will be messy.... final word to students.
  33. One student made this remark in the final feedback for the module. Another student didn’t like the Google+ activity – said “I know how to make online comments”... thinking that the activity intention was functional rather than creative/reflective. However, that student enjoyed the module and won’t use G+ again, but understands it.Both of these students learned, and both taught me something.
  34. Final quote from KF and NS...