1. Centre for HCI Design
Centre for Creativity
Tools and Technologies for
Creativity and Innovation
HCID 2012
April 12th, 2012
Sara Jones
Centre for HCI Design and
Centre for Creativity in Professional Practice
City University London
s.v.jones@city.ac.uk
http://hcid.soi.city.ac.uk/people/Sarajones.html
@svjaok
2. Centre for HCI Design
Centre for Creativity
Outline
• What are creativity and innovation?
• What can tools and technologies do to support creativity and
innovation?
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Centre for Creativity
What is the technology/tool/thing that most
helps you, your team or your organisation to be
creative or innovative?
Why?
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Centre for Creativity
Tools and techs do not offer a complete solution
– but they can help!
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Centre for Creativity
Some definitions
Design
Creativity Innovation
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Centre for Creativity
Some other creative processes
Poincare/Wallas CPS model IDEO Shneiderman
1926 1963 2001 2000
Mess-finding
Preparation Fact-finding Understand Collect
Problem-finding Observe
Incubation
Relate
Illumination Idea-finding Visualise Create
Verification Solution-finding Evaluate
Idea implementation Implement
Donate
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Centre for Creativity
What makes creativity work
From Synecticsworld, Imagine, www.synecticsworld.com
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Centre for Creativity
What stops creativity from working
From Synecticsworld, Imagine, www.synecticsworld.com
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Centre for Creativity
More things that block creativity
From Synecticsworld, Imagine, www.synecticsworld.com
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Centre for Creativity
The challenge….
is to ‘preserve appropriate elements of existing knowledge work [creative
practice] while shaping new technologies and then integrating them into
the workplace’
Shneiderman, 2000
let people carry on doing all the good stuff they’re doing, but better
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Centre for Creativity
Some requirements for creativity support tools
• Ultimate ease of use – the tool should disappear
• Make it pleasurable and fun
• Give access to examples for inspiration
• Provide appropriate primitives for building new things
• Allow for sketching, experimentation and what if reasoning
• Allow for reflection
• Support many different styles, teams with different talents
• Allow development of shared representations
• Allow transitions from individual to group work and back again
• Allow open interchange between tools
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Centre for Creativity
Lubart’s view of creativity support tools
• According to Lubart (2005), the computer has 4 potential roles in
enhancing creativity:
• Nanny: monitoring progress, planning etc
• Pen-pal: facilitating networking, communication of ideas
• Colleague: eg generation of novel but
relevant ideas when humans are ‘stuck’
• Coach: providing information about potentially useful
techniques and sources of inspiration
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Centre for Creativity
Coaching tools
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Centre for Creativity
IDEO method cards
IDEO method cards advise on how
and why to use many techniques
for creative design eg affinity
diagrams, collage, cultural probes
Available on mobile devices
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Centre for Creativity
Von Oech’s Creative Whack Pack
Creative Whack Pack contains
guidance on creative thinking
strategies eg simplify, see the big
picture, etc and how to apply them
Available on mobile devices
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Centre for Creativity
Thoughtoffice
A comprehensive suite of tools including
method guidance
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Centre for Creativity
Nannies and pen-pals
– organising and networking tools
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Centre for Creativity
Freemind
Free, Java-based
mind mapping tool
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Centre for Creativity
Mind Manager Comprehensive suite of tools
Supported by Tony Buzan
Supports sharing and
integration with other tools
Includes some coaching
Available on mobile devices
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Centre for Creativity
Linoit
Online media sharing
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Centre for Creativity
Creately
Online drawing tool with sharing
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Centre for Creativity
Twiddla Online whiteboard/annotation tool with sharing
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Centre for Creativity
Pearltrees
Online web resource sharing
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Centre for Creativity
FacilitatePro
Web meeting tool
Structured around creative problem solving
Support for brainstorming, voting, planning
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Centre for Creativity
Halo
High resolution telepresence
Now integrated with mobile devices
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Centre for Creativity
Colleagues
– tools to help with the work
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Centre for Creativity
Random word generators
Random word generator:
supports many techniques
eg de Bono, 2007
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Centre for Creativity
Compendium
‘a knowledge map software tool for
visual thinking’ from the Open
University
We have used it in constraint
removal, to map out constraints,
ideas and their pros and cons
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Centre for Creativity
Combinformation Generation of text and images from
given seed terms, from Texas A&M
University
We have used it for inspiration
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Centre for Creativity
Creative Stickies
Application developed at City
for writing digital post-its on a
Microsoft Surface
• Study 1: more ideas in
creative workshops than with
Creative Stickies
• Study 2: private preparation
and more space yielded
more ideas
• Study 3: but paper post-its
still preferred Study 1
Study 2
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Centre for Creativity
Creative Design Stations
Work at City on using digital
technologies in physical spaces
To support creative design
33. Centre for Creativity in
Professional HCI Design
Centre for Practice
Centre for Creativity
Carer
Application developed at City to support
creativity in the care of people with
dementia
• Creative thinking from cases of good
dementia care practice
• Creative thinking from cases of good
practice in analogical domains – other
worlds
• Creative thinking from creativity triggers
generated from cases
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Centre for Creativity
Platforms for open innovation
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Centre for Creativity
Challenge-driven innovation
Example of challenge-driven
open innovation from E.ON
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Centre for Creativity
Open IDEO
An open innovation platform
Aimed at social innovation
Can be used by members of the public
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Centre for Creativity
So what tools are you actually using?
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Centre for Creativity
Designers Toolkit survey
http://blog.bestvendor.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/bv_designer_final.jpg
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Professional Practice
Centre for HCI Design
Centre for Creativity
Designers Toolkit survey - comments
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Centre for Creativity
Creativity is not just a set of skills
- or a set of tools -
it’s a state of mind
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Centre for Creativity
Please get in touch!
Sara Jones
Centre for HCI Design and
Centre for Creativity in Professional Practice
City University London
s.v.jones@city.ac.uk
http://hcid.soi.city.ac.uk/people/Sarajones.html
http://creativity.city.ac.uk
@svjaok
Take a look at our
Masters in Innovation, Creativity and Leadership
Masters in Human Centred Systems
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Centre for Creativity
References
• Shneiderman, B., 2000, ‘Creating Creativity: User Interfaces for
Supporting Innovation’, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human
Interaction, vol 7, no 1, pp114-138
• Lubart, T, 2005, ‘How can computers be partners in the creative
process’, Int J Human-Computer Studies 63, pp365-369
Editor's Notes
Potted summary of material I teach for MICL and HCS Masters.History of work on creativity since 2001 – not on these slides – its on slides that found their way onto the internet after last year’s open day.What are C & I1) What do they mean to you? What makes you creative?2) What do we know from the literature? What are the definitions and models of C&I What are the different stages in creativity (and innovation)? What do we know about how to make these work (+ve atmosphere etc) What are the different contexts where we’re trying to be creative and innovative? What are the requirements for creativity support tools?What can tools and techs do to support creativity and innovation?3) What tools are out there and what have we/our students done with them? ‘Commercial’ tools research prototypes Do they fulfill the requirements?4) What tools are people actually using?
… the ability to produce work that is both novel (i.e. original, unexpected) and appropriate (i.e. useful, adaptive concerning task constraints).Sternberg and Lubart, 1999
Just like HCI except:Maybe different measures (what does effectiveness and efficiency mean in this context?)Very broad – need to think about designing the environment as well as both computer-based and non-computer-based toolsAnd what kind of user experience should we be trying to give users of creativity support tools – what is a creative experience? What are the pre-requisites for creativity?
Ease of use applies at the individual level – don’t waste cognitive resources – at the group level – implement control and awareness in a way that mimics physical world – and when distributed – don’t force behaviour changes of the kind that will disrupt creative processesSome exceptions eg of procedural aspects: Is turn-taking natural or facilitated? ‘each of the techniques for boosting group brainstorming effectiveness, from keeping teammembers anonymous to providing a trained leader for structuring the team process, describes ways to either remove or control the interaction that naturally occurs in teams’ (Kurtzberg and Amabile, 2001)
http://sourceforge.net/projects/freemind/Freemindis a Java-based mind mapping package available for Windows, Mac and Linux.exports to PDF and the obscure scalable vector graphics format as well as the likes of HTML, JPEG and PNG.
http://www.mindjet.com/products/mindmanager-8-win/overview£63MindManager has the support of the inventor of the term Mind Map, the great popularizer of the concept mapping approach, Tony Buzan. It's a professional piece of software with a comparable feel both in solidity and usability to Microsoft Office, and featuring good support for producing excellent looking graphical maps. These can be exported to a wide range of formats from JPG to RTF and HTML. One of the great features of MindManager is the excellent range of built-in pictures and icons for enhancing your mind maps.® Mind Map is registered trade mark of Tony Buzan.NEW Mindjet Player converts maps in to interactive pdf or flash filesNEW View and edit attached Microsoft Word, Excel, Project and PowerPoint files within MindManagerNEW Integrated web content and embedded web browserNEW Powerful search and database linking tools, plus automated task managementDisplay and synchronize Microsoft Outlook E-mail, Contacts, Calendar, Tasks, Notes and Folders in mapsMindManager 8 uses mind-mapping technology to let you capture, organize, and communicate information using an intuitive visual canvas. Consolidate vast amounts of data and ideas from multiple sources - including the Internet and databases - onto a single map. With the new integrated browser, search and editing features, you can stay focused on your task by staying in one application. Track your projects with greater ease with automated calculations of task progress. And now communicate your vision and ideas by transforming your map into a clickable Adobe PDF or Flash file. Work smarter and transform your ideas into action more quickly.
http://linoit.com/homeThoughts?
http://creately.com/video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noG74xfBp8Y
http://www.pearltrees.com/#/N-play=1&N-fa=80257&N-u=1_7180&N-p=570274&N-s=1_37798&N-f=1_37798See alsoLucidchartPoppletTrelloConsiderable overlap of features – see what suits you best!
Halo – $250K, designed to create the seamless effect of being in the same room eg can get non-verbal cues. Halo manages network and conference rooms. V high res telepresence. High res camera overhead for talking about products etc. Dedicated network?http://www.humanproductivitylab.com/archive_blogs/2007/08/28/hp_halo_releases_hp_meeting_ro.php 2007 - intro to Halo facilityhttp://h30418.www3.hp.com/?fr_chl=ef468fa27ad44347cadf483bfed20e3d225b405a&rf=sitemap – video (actually audio) about Halo facilitieshttp://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/downloads/Video%20Collab%20Center%20Hammy%20-%20US.pdf – handy flier with key featuresJune 2011, acquired by Polycom, partnered with Microsoft, launching Video ExchangePLEASANTON, Calif. - Sep 14, 2011 :Polycom, Inc. (Nasdaq: PLCM), the global leader in standards-based unified communications (UC), today unveiled a software strategy to bring secure HD video collaboration to the broadest range of business, video, mobile, and social networking applications through standards-based infrastructure delivered on-premises, hosted, or with service providers from the "video cloud." Polycom believes this strategy will redefine the unified communications market, accelerate the adoption of Polycom software (from infrastructure to the edge), and establish Polycom as the default choice of customers and partners for open UC and HD video collaboration solutions that work together seamlessly across any application, protocol, call control system, or end point. The software strategy is a key component of Polycom's growth strategy with the objective of growing revenue from the company's current run rate of approximately $1.5 billion to $3 billion in the next few years.
Different space - tablesdifferent capabilities - no videoDifferent training
Open innovation is the use of both internal and external knowledge to fuel innovation, and both internal and external paths to commercialize new products and business models.http://www.openinnovators.netbased on Henry Chesbrough (2003)The interesting thing is the scale on which this can now happen, given our networked and IT literate world.
Survey of ‘design and creative professionals’ in small companies in US, Europe etc Nov 2011http://blog.bestvendor.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/bv_designer_final.jpg
You can gain a lot from a few general-purpose tools that are well-developed and therefore satisfy a lot of the requirements (no learning curve, ease of use, fluidity etc). For general-purpose creativity and innovation use these. For creativity in a specific domain eg architecture, worth investing effort in learning domain-specific tools.
