What’s New in Oracle Database 12c for PHP

What’s New in
Oracle Database 12c for
Scripting Languages
Christopher Jones, Oracle
Shoaib Lari, Oracle
September 2013

The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended
for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract.
It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should
not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release,
and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products
remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

Program Agenda
 Three-slide Introduction to PHP OCI8
 Useful Oracle Database 12c Features
 PHP DTrace for Dynamic Tracing
 Oracle/MySQL PHP Applications
 PHP Performance and Scalability

Three-slide Introduction to
PHP OCI8

Traditional PHP Script Processing

One of Many Modern PHP Architectures
PHP
Update
QueueCache
Apache
PHP
OCI8 Extension
Oracle Libraries
PHP Web Service
DB

What is PHP OCI8?
 Recommended Oracle Database extension for PHP
 Supports many Oracle features
 Available in PHP C source and binary bundles
 PHP OCI8 2.0 "Development" is on http://pecl.php.net
$c = oci_connect('scott', 'tiger', 'localhost/pdborcl');
$s = oci_parse($c, 'SELECT * FROM employees');
oci_execute($s);
while (($row = oci_fetch_row($s)) != false)‫‏‬
foreach ($row as $item)‫‏‬
print $item;

Program Agenda

Useful Oracle Database 12c
Features

32K VARCHARs in Oracle Database 12c
 SQL
CREATE TABLE vctab (vcdata VARCHAR2(32767));
 PHP OCI8 does insert and fetch in one piece
$s = oci_parse($c, "INSERT INTO vctab (vcdata) VALUES (:bv)");
$bv = str_repeat('x', 32767);
oci_bind_by_name($s, ":bv", $bv);
oci_execute($s);

32K VARCHARs in Oracle Database 12c
 CLOB vs VARCHAR2
$s = oci_parse($c,
'SELECT clobdata FROM ctab');
oci_execute($s);
$row = oci_fetch_assoc($s);
$result = $row['CLOBDATA']->load();
 32K fetch times (very dependent on LOB storage, network speeds etc)
CLOB: 0.574 seconds
VARCHAR2: 0.279 seconds
$s = oci_parse($c,
'SELECT vcdata FROM vctab');
oci_execute($s);
$row = oci_fetch_assoc($s);
$result = $row['VCDATA'];

Oracle DB 12c SQL Row Limiting Clause
$sql = "SELECT employee_id, last_name FROM employees ORDER BY employee_id";
if ($oracleversion >= 12) {
$sql = $sql . ' OFFSET :offset ROWS FETCH NEXT :maxnumrows ROWS ONLY';
} else {
$sql = "SELECT * FROM (SELECT A.*, ROWNUM AS MY_RNUM FROM ($sql) A
WHERE ROWNUM <= :maxnumrows + :offset)
WHERE MY_RNUM > :offset";
}
$offset = 5;
$maxnumrows = 5;
$s = oci_parse($c, $sql);
oci_bind_by_name($s, ":offset", $offset, -1, SQLT_INT);
oci_bind_by_name($s, ":maxnumrows", $maxnumrows, -1, SQLT_INT);
oci_execute($s);
oci_fetch_all($s, $res);
105 Austin
106 Pataballa
107 Lorentz
108 Greenberg
109 Faviet
Or use row_number()

Oracle DB 12c IDENTITY Columns
 ANSI auto increment syntax:
CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT ON NULL AS IDENTITY,
c2 VARCHAR2(20));
 In PHP:
$s = oci_parse($c, "INSERT INTO t1 (c2) VALUES ('Alison')");
oci_execute($s);
$s = oci_parse($c, "INSERT INTO t1 (c1, c2) VALUES (NULL, 'Chris')");
oci_execute($s);
 Table now contains:
1 Chris
2 Alison

Oracle DB 12c OCI oraaccess.xml
Deployment Settings
 New $TNS_ADMIN/oraaccess.xml deployment settings file
 Client (i.e. PHP) side file for configuring OCI-based driver settings
 Global and per-connection string parameters
 Don't need to modify application to improve performance
 Restart application after editing

Row Prefetching Refresher
Temporary buffer cache for query duration
// First Fetch
$r = oci_fetch_row(…);
var_dump($r);
// array('1000','Roma');
OCI8
Extension
Oracle
Libraries
1000, Roma
1100, Venice
1200, Tokyo
. . .
1000, Roma
// Second Fetch
$r = oci_fetch_row(…);
var_dump($r);
// array('1100','Venice');
OCI8
Extension
Oracle
Libraries
1000, Roma
1100, Venice
1200, Tokyo
. . .
1100, Venice
No DB access
for second fetch
X

oraaccess.xml Prefetch Tuning
 PHP code needing tuning:
$s = oci_parse($c, "SELECT ...");
oci_execute($s);
oci_set_prefetch($s, 1); // application sets prefetch
while (($row = oci_fetch_row($s)) != false)
var_dump($row);
 $TNS_ADMIN/oraaccess.xml snippet:
<prefetch>
<rows>1000</rows>
</prefetch

oraaccess.xml Prefetch Tuning
 Pre-12c:
Fetching 20000 rows with application prefetch 1
Time is: 5.822 seconds
 With Oracle Database 12c $TNS_ADMIN/oraaccess.xml:
Fetching 20000 rows with application prefetch 1
Time is: 0.863 seconds
(Very dependent on network speeds etc)
 See exhibition booth demo

Statement Caching Refresher
oci8.statement_cache_size = 20
1. “select col from tab”, <metadata>
2.
…
20.
1. “select col from tab”
2.
…
statement 1
select col from tab
select col from tab
select col from tab

oraaccess.xml Auto-tuning Statement Cache
 Statement cache size monitored & updated in a cycle
– Cache size increases/decreases gradually
 ram_threshold is max percentage of installed RAM
 memory_target is absolute max size
 Lesser of these two is used as the limit.
<auto_tune>
<enable>true</enable>
<ram_threshold>0.1</ram_threshold>
<memory_target>2M</memory_target>
</auto_tune>

for ($j = 0; $j < 10; ++$j) {
echo "Running workloadn";
for ($i = 0; $i < 30; ++$i)
do_query($c1, "SELECT $i FROM dual"); // 30 distinct queries
echo "Number of new parses for this session: ",
print_new_parse_count(), "n";
}
 PHP OCI8 default: oci8.statement_cache_size = 20
– So 30 sequential statements are never effectively cached

 Pre-12c
...
Running workload
Number of new parses for this session: 30
Running workload
...
 Tune by manually monitoring web server performance, AWR byte
transfers, reset oci8.statement_cache_size

 Auto-tuned with Oracle Database 12c $TNS_ADMIN/oraaccess.xml:
...
Running workload
Running workload
Running workload
...
 See exhibition booth demo

Implicit Result Sets in PHP
$sql =
"DECLARE
c1 SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN c1 FOR SELECT city, postal_code FROM locations;
DBMS_SQL.RETURN_RESULT(c1);
OPEN c1 FOR SELECT * FROM employees;
END;";
 Needs PHP OCI8 2.0-devel from PECL
 From 10gR2
– With Oracle Database 12c client and 12c server now uses ONS

Implicit Result Sets in PHP
 Use standard query code:
oci_execute($s);
while (($row = oci_fetch_row($s))
!= false) {
foreach ($row as $item)
echo $item . " ";
echo "n";
}
Roma 00989
Venice 10934
...
Mexico City 11932
100 Steven King SKING
101 Neena Kochhar NKOCHHAR
...
BEGIN
OPEN c1 FOR SELECT city, postal_code
FROM locations;
OPEN c1 FOR SELECT * FROM employees;
END;

Implicit Result Sets in PHP Example #2
 Use oci_get_implicit_resultset() function in PHP OCI8 2.0
oci_execute($s);
while (($s_2 = oci_get_implicit_resultset($s))) {
for ($i = 1; $i <= oci_num_fields($s_2); ++$i)
echo oci_field_name($s_2, $i) . " "; // Use column names for headings
echo "n";
while (($row = oci_fetch_row($s_2)) != false) {
foreach ($row as $item)
echo $item . " ";
echo "n";
}
}
CITY POSTAL_CODE
Roma 00989
Venice 10934
...
EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME EMAIL
100 Steven King SKING
101 Neena Kochhar NKOCHHAR
...

Program Agenda

PHP DTrace for Dynamic
Tracing on Oracle Linux

Dynamic Tracing Overview
 Dynamic Tracing from Solaris ported to Oracle Linux's UEK3 kernel
"DTrace is a facility for the dynamic instrumentation of
production systems, for the purpose of troubleshooting and
analysis."
 DTrace User Space Dynamic Tracing (USDT) now available
 PHP source code is instrumented with “probes”
if (DTRACE_OCI8_ERROR_ENABLED()) {
DTRACE_OCI8_ERROR((int)errstatus, (long)errcode);
}
 PHP 5.4.20 & 5.5.4 –-enable-dtrace linking stabilized

DTrace User Space Dynamic Tracing (USDT)
 Install Oracle Linux with UEK3 kernel and dtrace-utils
http://public-yum.oracle.com/beta/
 For PHP, enable DTrace User Space Dynamic Tracing (USDT)
# modprobe fasttrap
# chmod 666 /dev/dtrace/helper
 Build PHP 5.4.20 or PHP 5.5.4 and install PHP OCI8 2.0 as a shared
library from PECL
# ./configure --enable-dtrace ...
# make && make install
# PHP_DTRACE=yes pecl install oci8-devel

 Show probes available in PHP OCI8:
# dtrace -l -m oci8.so
...
18 php9559 oci8.so php_oci_do_connect oci8-connect-entry
23 php9559 oci8.so php_oci_do_connect oci8-connect-return
24 php9559 oci8.so php_oci_do_connect_ex oci8-connect-type
25 php9559 oci8.so php_oci_error oci8-error
26 php9559 oci8.so php_oci_statement_execute oci8-execute-mode
...

 Write tracing scripts in D, e.g. trace.d:
#!/usr/sbin/dtrace -Zqs
php*:::oci8-connect-entry
{ printf("%lld: PHP connect-entryn", walltimestamp);
printf("t credentials %s@%sn“,‫‏‏‬arg0 ? copyinstr(arg0) : "",
arg1 ? copyinstr(arg1) : "");
printf("t charset %sn", arg2 ? copyinstr(arg2) : "");
printf("t session_mode %ld : n", (long)arg3);
printf("persistent %d : ", (int)arg4);
printf("exclusive %dn", (int)arg5);
}
...

 Run trace.d
# ./trace.d
 Run a PHP script
$ php oci8.php
Beijing
Bern
Bombay
Geneva

# ./trace.d
1379702722173349580: PHP connect-entry
credentials cj@localhost/pdborcl
charset
session_mode 0 : persistent 0 : exclusive 1
1379702722258590635: PHP oci8-connect-return
connection 0x7fccdc1c2828
1379702722259141543: PHP oci8-sqltext
sql select city from locations where rownum < 5 order by 1
1379702722259240438: PHP oci8-execute-mode
mode 0x20

Program Agenda

Oracle/MySQL PHP
Applications

Oracle Database Driver for MySQL Applications
 Deployment Process:
– Migrate Schema and Data
– Build Application with the
Driver
– Translate SQL
– Test and Tune to Leverage
Oracle Database Features
libmysqlclient
MySQL DB Oracle DB
liboramysql
OCI
Application using
MySQL’s C API
Application using
MySQL’s C API

Build Application with the Driver
 One method of re-linking with the new 12c Driver:
– Build PHP mysql extension(s) with MySQL Connector/C
# ./configure --with-mysql=/usr ...
# make && make install
– Create a symlink to the Oracle driver library:
# ln –s $ORACLE_HOME/lib/liboramysql12.so $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libmysql.so
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

Build Application with the Driver
 Another method of re-linking with the new 12c Driver:
– Use a Connector/C emulator:
# cd $HOME
# $INSTANTCLIENTDIR/sdk/demo/setuporamysql.sql
# ./configure --with-mysql=$HOME/oramysql ...
# make && make installs
(Other methods exist too)
 Restart PHP
# service httpd start

Translate SQL
 Change connect string:
mysql_connect("localhost/pdborcl", "scott", "tiger");
 Change SQL manually or use an Oracle Database 12c SQL
Translation Profile:
– MySQL syntax:
$sql = "SELECT * FROM mytab LIMIT 5,10";
– Oracle ANSI syntax:
$sql = "SELECT * FROM mytab OFFSET 5 ROWS FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY";
 Run the Application

Program Agenda

PHP Performance and
Scalability

Scaling up with DRCP Connection Pooling
5000 users, DRCP pool size of 100
Dedicated Server Processes
5000 x 4 MB +
5000 x 400 KB +
0 =
21 GB
DB Processes
Session Memory
DRCP Broker
Total
100 x 4 MB +
100 x 400 KB +
5000 x 35 KB =
610 MB
PHP DB PHP DB
DRCP Server Processes

DRCP Connection Pooling
 Use DRCP for short lived connections by same DB user
 Using DRCP in PHP 5.3+ with Oracle 11g+:
– Start the Pool:
SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_CONNECTION_POOL.START_POOL();
– Set oci8.connection_class in php.ini
oci8.connection_class = MY_PHP_APP
– Add "POOLED" to the connect string:
$c = oci_pconnect('scott', 'tiger', 'myhost/sales:pooled');

DRCP Connection Pooling Benchmark
 2GB RAM
 1 connection broker
 100 pooled servers

Client Identifiers for Auditing and Monitoring
 Set client identifier in PHP after connection
session_start();
$c = oci_pconnect('phpuser', 'welcome', 'localhost/orcl');
if (authenticate_web_user()) {
oci_set_client_identifier($c, $_SESSION['app_user_name']); // e.g. 'Chris'
. . .
} else {
trigger_error(. . .);
}

Client Identifiers for Auditing
APP_USERNAME USERNAME EXTENDED_TIMESTAMP ACTION_NAME
------------- ----------- ----------------------------------- -----------
Chris PHPUSER 16-AUG-13 12.25.42.846153 PM -07:00 SELECT
Alison PHPUSER 16-AUG-13 12.25.50.870773 PM -07:00 SELECT
Details in an OTN article

Client Identifiers for Monitoring
 Client Identifier is visible in views and in Enterprise Manager

Oracle Client and Server Result Caches
CREATE TABLE SALES (...) RESULT_CACHE;
 Results of queries from small tables can be cached
 Caches automatically invalidated by server data changes
– If no roundtrip within defined time, cache is assumed stale
 Configure globally in DB or at client in sqlnet.ora
– CLIENT_RESULT_CACHE_SIZE or OCI_RESULT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE

Other Oracle DB Features for
High Performance Applications
 Bind Variables
 Transactions – don’t auto commit unnecessarily
 Advanced Queuing
– Move slower processing out of HTTP request/response cycle
 Fast Application Notification
– Handle DB errors without timeouts
– Improves reconnection behavior
– Needs Oracle DB 12c client libraries for Oracle DB 12c

Other Oracle DB Features for
High Performance Applications
 Edition Based Redefinition
– Online PL/SQL Upgrades
– Useful for A/B testing
 Continuous Query Notification
– Can use for cache invalidation
 DBMS_XA
– Stop/restart transaction in different HTTP requests

Resources

Resources
http://blogs.oracle.com/opal: Blog, e.g. Implicit Result Sets, DTrace
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/php: OTN PHP Dev Center
http://tinyurl.com/phporacle: The Underground PHP & Oracle Manual
http://tinyurl.com/drcpphp: DRCP Connection Pooling Whitepaper
http://tinyurl.com/phpaudit: PHP Web Auditing, Authorization and
Monitoring with Oracle Database
 Demo Pod SL-033 (back left of Moscone South)
 “Application Performance, Scalability, and Availability with Oracle
Database 12c” (CON8855) 5:15pm Marriott Marquis - Golden Gate B
 Email: christopher.jones@oracle.com Twitter: @ghrd

The preceding is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended
for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract.
It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should
not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release,
and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products
remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

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