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Chris Eagle

Code Blue
18 February 2014
!  Everything I say today is my own opinion and
not necessarily the opinion of the US Naval
Postgraduate School (NPS), US Department of
Defense (DoD) or the United States
Government
!  Senior Lecturer
◦  Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey CA (1997-
present)
!  Leader
◦  Sk3wl0fRoot Capture the Flag team, winners of
Defcon CTF (2004, 2008)
!  Co-founder
◦  DDTEK, Organizers of Defcon CTF (2009-2012)
!  First and foremost a game
!  A chance to excel!
!  Meet new people
!  Lose some sleep
!  Opportunity to (legally!) apply skills
associated with all aspects of computer
security
◦  System administration
◦  Network traffic analysis
◦  Digital forensics
◦  Vulnerability analysis and exploitation
◦  Cryptography
◦  Web and database security
Courtesy of Kenshoto
!  Organizer's develop challenges to be solved
by participants
!  Two main formats
◦  Jeopardy style game board
◦  Full spectrum team vs. team in head to head
competition
!  Typified by Defcon qualification round
!  No head to head interaction between teams
!  Solve puzzles to earn points
!  Solution to puzzle usually reveals a secret
value known as a key or flag
◦  Hence “capture the flag”
!  Wider variety of puzzles because each one
does not need to be “live”
!  Teams directly attack each other while
organizers act as judges to award points
!  Defcon CTF is longest running
!  Others
◦  UC Santa Barbara iCTF
◦  Positive Hack Days CTF
◦  Codegate CTF
!  Apply skills in hostile environment
!  Exploit development
!  Vulnerability mitigation
!  All challenges are live “services”
◦  Must be kept running and defended while
simultaneously attacking other team’s services
◦  Successful exploitation results in access to a flag
!  Generate interest in computer security
◦  Attract new people to the field
!  Fresh challenges test and

develop skills
◦  Interesting challenges motivate

tools development
!  Builds a community of talent

and shared knowledge about

solutions
!  Desire to learn
◦  Creative challenges spark interest
!  Legal, low risk way to

exercise offensive skills
!  Bragging rights
◦  Winning Defcon carries some

prestige
!  Prizes ☺
◦  Codegate – 4.3M ¥
◦  PHDays – 900K ¥
◦  Defcon – Black badge
!  Defcon
◦  Defcon 10, 2002 8 American teams
◦  Defcon 21, 2013 20 teams, ~66% international
!  Hundreds of teams attempted to qualify
!  UCSB iCTF
◦  2003 – 14 teams
◦  2012 – 90 teams
!  Almost weekly

events today
!  Large body of past challenges
!  Large body of publicly available solutions
◦  Generally self-study
!  Each new CTF provides an assessment
opportunity
◦  Only metric is final score
◦  No feedback to assist with improvement
!  DON’T DO IT!!
◦  Trust me on this one
!  If you must, then 

consider why
◦  It is totally thankless
◦  Give back to the community
◦  Talent identification
◦  Educational opportunity
!  Coach people/teams up prior to event
!  Provide feedback after event
!  Teach people about challenges after CTF ends
!  Japan, like many other countries, faces a
shortage of skilled cyber professionals
◦  By one study as many as 80,000 people needed
!  Identifying and attracting new talent as well
as retaining existing talent is essential
!  Competitions such as CTF both spark interest
and offer an opportunity to evaluate
◦  Huge growth in participation in past 10 years
!  Just get out and play!
Keynote:CTF: All the Cool Kids are doing it    by Chris Eagle

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Keynote:CTF: All the Cool Kids are doing it by Chris Eagle

  • 2. !  Everything I say today is my own opinion and not necessarily the opinion of the US Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), US Department of Defense (DoD) or the United States Government
  • 3. !  Senior Lecturer ◦  Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey CA (1997- present) !  Leader ◦  Sk3wl0fRoot Capture the Flag team, winners of Defcon CTF (2004, 2008) !  Co-founder ◦  DDTEK, Organizers of Defcon CTF (2009-2012)
  • 4. !  First and foremost a game !  A chance to excel! !  Meet new people !  Lose some sleep
  • 5. !  Opportunity to (legally!) apply skills associated with all aspects of computer security ◦  System administration ◦  Network traffic analysis ◦  Digital forensics ◦  Vulnerability analysis and exploitation ◦  Cryptography ◦  Web and database security Courtesy of Kenshoto
  • 6. !  Organizer's develop challenges to be solved by participants !  Two main formats ◦  Jeopardy style game board ◦  Full spectrum team vs. team in head to head competition
  • 7. !  Typified by Defcon qualification round
  • 8. !  No head to head interaction between teams !  Solve puzzles to earn points !  Solution to puzzle usually reveals a secret value known as a key or flag ◦  Hence “capture the flag” !  Wider variety of puzzles because each one does not need to be “live”
  • 9. !  Teams directly attack each other while organizers act as judges to award points !  Defcon CTF is longest running !  Others ◦  UC Santa Barbara iCTF ◦  Positive Hack Days CTF ◦  Codegate CTF
  • 10. !  Apply skills in hostile environment !  Exploit development !  Vulnerability mitigation !  All challenges are live “services” ◦  Must be kept running and defended while simultaneously attacking other team’s services ◦  Successful exploitation results in access to a flag
  • 11. !  Generate interest in computer security ◦  Attract new people to the field !  Fresh challenges test and
 develop skills ◦  Interesting challenges motivate
 tools development !  Builds a community of talent
 and shared knowledge about
 solutions
  • 12. !  Desire to learn ◦  Creative challenges spark interest !  Legal, low risk way to
 exercise offensive skills !  Bragging rights ◦  Winning Defcon carries some
 prestige !  Prizes ☺ ◦  Codegate – 4.3M ¥ ◦  PHDays – 900K ¥ ◦  Defcon – Black badge
  • 13. !  Defcon ◦  Defcon 10, 2002 8 American teams ◦  Defcon 21, 2013 20 teams, ~66% international !  Hundreds of teams attempted to qualify !  UCSB iCTF ◦  2003 – 14 teams ◦  2012 – 90 teams !  Almost weekly
 events today
  • 14. !  Large body of past challenges !  Large body of publicly available solutions ◦  Generally self-study !  Each new CTF provides an assessment opportunity ◦  Only metric is final score ◦  No feedback to assist with improvement
  • 15. !  DON’T DO IT!! ◦  Trust me on this one !  If you must, then 
 consider why ◦  It is totally thankless ◦  Give back to the community ◦  Talent identification ◦  Educational opportunity !  Coach people/teams up prior to event !  Provide feedback after event !  Teach people about challenges after CTF ends
  • 16. !  Japan, like many other countries, faces a shortage of skilled cyber professionals ◦  By one study as many as 80,000 people needed !  Identifying and attracting new talent as well as retaining existing talent is essential !  Competitions such as CTF both spark interest and offer an opportunity to evaluate ◦  Huge growth in participation in past 10 years !  Just get out and play!