Critical Internet Literacy: How capable are children of making sound judgments about the trustworthiness and relevance of Internet sites?
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This document discusses critical internet literacy and the need for new skills and strategies to evaluate information found online. It presents a study called PEN-CIL that examined how adults and children determine how many stars exist. Participants used the PEN-CIL framework to plan, evaluate, and navigate websites on this topic. The study found that collaboration and fulfilling roles in the PEN framework led to fewer errors in judging website trustworthiness and relevance compared to working individually. It concludes that internet reading strategies, comprehension, and effective group processes are important skills for critical evaluation of online information.
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Critical Internet Literacy: How capable are children of making sound judgments about the trustworthiness and relevance of Internet sites?
- 1. Colin Harrison Learning Sciences Research Institute/School of Education University of Nottingham colin.harrison@nottingham.ac.uk Critical Internet Literacy: How capable are children of making sound judgments about the trustworthiness and relevance of Internet sites?
- 2. Duerager, A., and Livingstone, S. (2012) How can parents support children’s internet safety? EU Kids Online, London, UK. Coiro, J., Knobel, M., Lankshear, C., & Leu, D. J. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of research on new literacies. Routledge. Harrison, C., Dwyer, B., & Castek, J. (2014). Using technology to improve reading and learning. Shell Education, California, USA.
- 3. New skills and strategies for critical literacy in a post-typographical world What are the ‘new skills and strategies’? Who says we need them? The British Library: 25,000,000 books
- 4. New skills and strategies for critical literacy in a post-typographical world What are the ‘new skills and strategies’? Who says we need them? The Internet: 25,000,000,000 sites: ‘A room with 25 billion doors’
- 5. The need for Critical Internet Literacy:
- 6. The Pacific Tree Octopus site The need for Critical Internet Literacy:
- 8. The need for Critical Internet Literacy: http://martinlutherking.org/
- 9. The need for Critical Internet Literacy: http://martinlutherking.org/
- 10. PEN-CIL Plan Evaluate Navigate- Critical Internet Literacy Group work: more constructive goal-setting, collaboration and mutual support for learning PLANNER- where should we go, and what should we do when we get there? Copy/ move / change / delete? Summarise? (From page?) Synthesise (across sources?) EVALUATOR- understanding? 5-finger test? Trust? Evidence? NAVIGATOR- how do we get there? Search terms? Are we there yet? URL evaluation URL decision Look for key words
- 11. PEN-CIL Study ‘How many stars?’ N = 6 adult participants N = 18 children aged 10.8-11.8
- 12. PEN-CIL Study ‘How many stars?’
- 13. PEN-CIL Study ‘How many stars?’ Gabrielle
- 14. PEN-CIL Stars sites: Wikipedia
- 15. PEN-CIL Study ‘How many stars?’
- 16. PEN-CIL Study ‘Star Signs’
- 18. PEN-CIL Study ‘How many stars?’
- 20. PEN-CIL Study ‘How many stars?’ Skill area Tactic Undesirable Desirable Internet reading strategies Comprehension/inference Group processes
- 21. PEN-CIL Stars sites Dangerous place to be if you’re wrong- High trust / High relevance Safer place to be if you’re wrong- Low trust / Low relevance
- 22. PEN-CIL Stars sites: Wikipedia
- 23. PEN-CIL Stars sites: Wikipedia
- 24. PEN-CIL Stars sites: Wikipedia
- 25. PEN-CIL Stars sites: Wikipedia “I don’t trust Wikipedia!” Wrongly judged that the Wikipedia entry on stars was relevant
- 26. PEN-CIL Study ‘Star Signs’
- 27. PEN-CIL Stars sites: ‘Star signs’
- 28. PEN-CIL Stars sites: ‘Star signs’ “It’s true- but not relevant!
- 30. PEN-CIL Stars sites: ‘EarthSky’
- 31. PEN-CIL Stars sites: ‘EarthSky’
- 32. PEN-CIL Stars sites: ‘Answers.com’
- 33. PEN-CIL Stars sites: ‘Answers.com’
- 34. PEN-CIL Stars sites: ‘Answers.com’ Groups that collaborate make fewer errors of judgment Groups that work as individuals are more at risk of making errors of judgment
- 35. PEN-CIL Study - Conclusions Skill area Tactic Undesirable Desirable Internet reading strategies Read task carefully Proceed with poor understanding of task Proceed with good understanding of task Read text fully Read every word aloud ‘Let’s skim’ Neglect to scroll down Scroll down and read all of the text Be alert/suspicious Attracted to eye candy Mistrust advertisements Fail to consider author’s purpose Mistrust over-friendly tone Comprehension/inference Read between the lines Fail to monitor comprehension Monitor individual and group comprehension Make premature decisions Make late decisions Fail to integrate information across source(s) Integrate information across source(s) Group processes Collaboration P-E-N Roles not clear P-E-N Roles clear Fail to fulfill roles Fulfill roles Ignore opinions of other group members Make joint decisions on relevance and trustworthiness
- 36. Colin Harrison Learning Sciences Research Institute/School of Education University of Nottingham colin.harrison@nottingham.ac.uk Critical Internet Literacy: How capable are children of making sound judgments about the trustworthiness and relevance of Internet sites?
Editor's Notes
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.
- CKC - Introduction the central goal of the project is to produce “explanatory case studies” demonstrating the relationship between ICT and learning our approach has two major emphases; the first is to capture the ecology of learning the second is to use new technologies to develop representations of the use of ICT for learning the project is working in nine schools which represent three areas of emphasis: ICT across the curriculum, personal computing, and learning platform/VLE. the project is collecting data in three phases: PHASE I Two-day “deep audit” of school; recruitment of teachers who will fill in logs; PHASE II 200+Teacher logs of individual lessons; PHASE III Interviews with the 36+ teachers who have submitted teacher logs. Interviews will be based on contrastive representations of their own teaching and that of two other teachers.