Introduction to Trucking and Logistics 101 by CCC

Clackamas CommunityClackamas Community
CollegeCollege 11
Professional Truck DriverProfessional Truck Driver
CertificationCertification
Introduction to Trucking and LogisticsIntroduction to Trucking and Logistics
101101

CollegeCollege 22
Grant FundingGrant Funding
This product was funded by a grant awarded under theThis product was funded by a grant awarded under the
President's High Growth Job Training Initiative, asPresident's High Growth Job Training Initiative, as
implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor'simplemented by the U.S. Department of Labor's
Employment & Training Administration. TheEmployment & Training Administration. The
information contained in this product was created by ainformation contained in this product was created by a
grantee organization and does not necessarily reflectgrantee organization and does not necessarily reflect
the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. Allthe official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. All
references to non-governmental companies orreferences to non-governmental companies or
organizations, their services, products, or resourcesorganizations, their services, products, or resources
are offered for informational purposes and should notare offered for informational purposes and should not
be construed as an endorsement by the Department ofbe construed as an endorsement by the Department of
Labor. This product is copyrighted by the institutionLabor. This product is copyrighted by the institution
that created it and is intended for individualthat created it and is intended for individual
organizational, non-commercial use only.organizational, non-commercial use only.

CollegeCollege 33
Workshop OutcomesWorkshop Outcomes
1.1. Describe the knowledge and skillsDescribe the knowledge and skills
necessary to operate a commercial vehiclenecessary to operate a commercial vehicle
safely.safely.
2.2. Understands the logistics industry.Understands the logistics industry.
3.3. Describe the tasks and duties required ofDescribe the tasks and duties required of
an entry-level trucker and warehousean entry-level trucker and warehouse
worker.worker.
4.4. Show the range of skill mastery required byShow the range of skill mastery required by
an individual driver.an individual driver.
5.5. Understands warehouse and loading dockUnderstands warehouse and loading dock
safety.safety.

CollegeCollege 44
Agenda Day OneAgenda Day One
1.1. Welcome and IntroductionsWelcome and Introductions
2.2. Trucking and Logistics Industry OverviewTrucking and Logistics Industry Overview
3.3. Career PathwayCareer Pathway
4.4. Federal and CDL RequirementsFederal and CDL Requirements
5.5. Warehouse and Vehicle SafetyWarehouse and Vehicle Safety
6.6. Control Systems ManagementControl Systems Management
7.7. Vehicle InspectionsVehicle Inspections
8.8. Day Review and Wrap-upDay Review and Wrap-up

CollegeCollege 55
Agenda Day TwoAgenda Day Two
Welcome BackWelcome Back
Shifting ExecutionShifting Execution
Backing and DockingBacking and Docking
SteeringSteering
Coupling and UncouplingCoupling and Uncoupling
Visual SearchVisual Search
Vehicle CommunicationVehicle Communication
Day Review and Wrap-upDay Review and Wrap-up

CollegeCollege 66
Agenda Day ThreeAgenda Day Three
Speed and Space ManagementSpeed and Space Management
Night OperationsNight Operations
Extreme Driving ConditionsExtreme Driving Conditions
Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials

CollegeCollege 77
Agenda Day FourAgenda Day Four
Emergency ManeuversEmergency Maneuvers
Railroad CrossingsRailroad Crossings
Vehicle Checks and MaintenanceVehicle Checks and Maintenance
Diagnosing and Reporting MalfunctionsDiagnosing and Reporting Malfunctions
Handling, Adjusting and Documenting CargoHandling, Adjusting and Documenting Cargo
and Manifestsand Manifests
Map ReadingMap Reading
Fuel ManagementFuel Management

CollegeCollege 88
Agenda Day FiveAgenda Day Five
Hours of Service, Daily Log and Logbook RecapHours of Service, Daily Log and Logbook Recap
Inventory and Stocking ProcessInventory and Stocking Process
Accident Safety and ManagementAccident Safety and Management
Road LifeRoad Life
Trip PlanningTrip Planning
Driving BehaviorDriving Behavior
Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
Final Review and ExamFinal Review and Exam

CollegeCollege 99
IntroductionsIntroductions
Who are you and how long have you beenWho are you and how long have you been
with the company?with the company?
Why do you want to be in the transportationWhy do you want to be in the transportation
and logistics industry?and logistics industry?
What do the brochures and documents tellWhat do the brochures and documents tell
you about the need for professionals in theyou about the need for professionals in the
transportation and logistics field?transportation and logistics field?
What is your current level of experience?What is your current level of experience?
What do you want from the session?What do you want from the session?
What will you contribute to the learningWhat will you contribute to the learning
process? (Examples include humor, stories,process? (Examples include humor, stories,
experiences, etc.).experiences, etc.).

CollegeCollege 1010
Transportation and LogisticTransportation and Logistic
Industry OverviewIndustry Overview
History of the Trucking and LogisticsHistory of the Trucking and Logistics
IndustryIndustry
Jobs in the Trucking and LogisticsJobs in the Trucking and Logistics
IndustryIndustry
Advances in the Trucking and LogisticsAdvances in the Trucking and Logistics
IndustryIndustry
Your future in the Trucking and LogisticsYour future in the Trucking and Logistics
IndustryIndustry

CollegeCollege 1111
Jobs in the T&L IndustryJobs in the T&L Industry
Over-the-road drivers (both long and short-haul)Over-the-road drivers (both long and short-haul)
Pick-up and delivery (PUD) driversPick-up and delivery (PUD) drivers
DispatchersDispatchers
Warehouse staffWarehouse staff
Sales and operationsSales and operations
Safety inspectors and directorsSafety inspectors and directors
Office and clerical workersOffice and clerical workers
Owner-operatorsOwner-operators

CollegeCollege 1212
Industry TypesIndustry Types
MovingMoving
Food ServiceFood Service

CollegeCollege 1313
Advances in T&LAdvances in T&L
Lane Departure WarningLane Departure Warning
SystemsSystems
UQM hybrid electricUQM hybrid electric
propulsion systemspropulsion systems
Hybrid vehicles withHybrid vehicles with
regenerating brakesregenerating brakes
High pressure fuel railHigh pressure fuel rail
injectioninjection
Advanced combustionAdvanced combustion
solutionssolutions
Fuel cells (auxiliaryFuel cells (auxiliary
power)power)
Replacement of dieselReplacement of diesel
fuel optionsfuel options
Aerodynamic dragAerodynamic drag
conceptsconcepts
Reducing auxiliary loadsReducing auxiliary loads
Lightweight materialLightweight material
Software technologySoftware technology

CollegeCollege 1414
Your Future in T&LYour Future in T&L
According to the American TruckingAccording to the American Trucking
Association's report,Association's report,
US Truck Driver Shortage: Analysis and ForeUS Truck Driver Shortage: Analysis and Forec
, the long-haul segment of the trucking, the long-haul segment of the trucking
industryindustry has a national shortage of 20,000has a national shortage of 20,000
drivers. It predicts the shortage willdrivers. It predicts the shortage will
increase to 111,000 by the year 2014increase to 111,000 by the year 2014
given the current demographic trends.given the current demographic trends.

CollegeCollege 1515
Career PathwayCareer Pathway
Review the Career Pathway DocumentReview the Career Pathway Document
Identify areas for future growth andIdentify areas for future growth and
developmentdevelopment
Document in your participant workbookDocument in your participant workbook

CollegeCollege 1616
Federal and CDL RequirementsFederal and CDL Requirements
Any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR ofAny single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR of
26,001 pounds or more)26,001 pounds or more)
A trailer with GVWR of more than 10,000 pounds if the grossA trailer with GVWR of more than 10,000 pounds if the gross
combination weight rating (GCWR) is 26,0001 pounds or morecombination weight rating (GCWR) is 26,0001 pounds or more
A vehicle designed to transport 16 or more passengers (includingA vehicle designed to transport 16 or more passengers (including
the driver)the driver)
Any size vehicle that is used in the transportation of any materialAny size vehicle that is used in the transportation of any material
that requires hazardous materials placards or any quantity of athat requires hazardous materials placards or any quantity of a
material listed as a select agent or toxin in 42 CFR 73material listed as a select agent or toxin in 42 CFR 73
A public mass transit or transportation district vehicle, regardless ofA public mass transit or transportation district vehicle, regardless of
size, when used to carry passengers for hire, with the exception ofsize, when used to carry passengers for hire, with the exception of
taxi driverstaxi drivers
Any motor home or recreational vehicle that meets the definitionAny motor home or recreational vehicle that meets the definition
above and is used for business purposesabove and is used for business purposes

CollegeCollege 1717
Three Type of CDL ClassesThree Type of CDL Classes
Class AClass A
Class BClass B
Class CClass C

CollegeCollege 1818
License RequirementsLicense Requirements
Must be 18 years of age to drive within Oregon or at least 21 yearsMust be 18 years of age to drive within Oregon or at least 21 years
old if driving commercial vehicles in interstate commerceold if driving commercial vehicles in interstate commerce
Must provide evidence of your name, age and identifyMust provide evidence of your name, age and identify
Must provide your social security number and one other documentMust provide your social security number and one other document
to prove your identityto prove your identity
Must present a valid medical certificate and medical waiver (ifMust present a valid medical certificate and medical waiver (if
needed) at the time of issuance and before taking a commercialneeded) at the time of issuance and before taking a commercial
drive testdrive test
If applying for a Haz Mat endorsement, the Federal TransportationIf applying for a Haz Mat endorsement, the Federal Transportation
Security Administration rules require person to undergo a securitySecurity Administration rules require person to undergo a security
background check that includes submission of fingerprints for FBIbackground check that includes submission of fingerprints for FBI
reviewreview
Must be able to speak, read and write English well enough toMust be able to speak, read and write English well enough to
understand traffic signs and signals in English, to respond tounderstand traffic signs and signals in English, to respond to
officials and to complete reports and recordsofficials and to complete reports and records

CollegeCollege 1919
Additional QualificationsAdditional Qualifications
AgeAge
PhysicalPhysical
ConditionCondition
VisionVision
HearingHearing
EducationEducation
SafetySafety
SubstanceSubstance
AbuseAbuse
Driving RecordDriving Record
LicensingLicensing

CollegeCollege 2020
CDL Endorsement TypesCDL Endorsement Types
School BusSchool Bus
PassengerPassenger
Tank VehiclesTank Vehicles
Double/TripleDouble/Triple
HazardousHazardous
MaterialMaterial

CollegeCollege 2121
Entry Level Driver TrainingEntry Level Driver Training
ApplicabilityApplicability
Training requirementsTraining requirements
Driver qualification requirementsDriver qualification requirements
Hours of serviceHours of service
Driver wellnessDriver wellness
Whistleblower protectionWhistleblower protection

CollegeCollege 2222
Warehouse and Vehicle SafetyWarehouse and Vehicle Safety
WarehouseWarehouse Vehicle SafetyVehicle Safety

CollegeCollege 2323
Control Systems ManagementControl Systems Management
Engine ControlsEngine Controls
Primary ControlsPrimary Controls
Secondary ControlsSecondary Controls

CollegeCollege 2424
Dashboard ClustersDashboard Clusters
EngineEngine
Unit TemperatureUnit Temperature
LightsLights
Steering WheelSteering Wheel
FuelFuel
BrakeBrake
ControlControl

CollegeCollege 2525
Vehicle ComponentsVehicle Components
ChassisChassis
Body and CabBody and Cab
Wheels andWheels and
TiresTires
Under the HoodUnder the Hood
SteeringSteering
InteriorInterior
BrakesBrakes
EmergencyEmergency
EquipmentEquipment

CollegeCollege 2626
Proper Entrance and ExitProper Entrance and Exit
3 Point3 Point
SystemSystem
Use YourUse Your
Seatbelt!Seatbelt!

CollegeCollege 2727
Start the EngineStart the Engine
Apply the parking brakes.Apply the parking brakes.
Clutch pedal must be depressed toClutch pedal must be depressed to
relieve starting motor of transmissionrelieve starting motor of transmission
drag.drag.
The “switch key” must always beThe “switch key” must always be
turned “on” before starting theturned “on” before starting the
engine.engine.
Electrical starting motors must notElectrical starting motors must not
be operated continuously for morebe operated continuously for more
than ten seconds at a time.than ten seconds at a time.
When the engine starts up, driverWhen the engine starts up, driver
must hold engine speed below onemust hold engine speed below one
thousand RPM until engine warmsthousand RPM until engine warms
up (usually about three minutes).up (usually about three minutes).
As soon as the engine has started,As soon as the engine has started,
the driver should now check allthe driver should now check all
gauges on the dash to ascertain ifgauges on the dash to ascertain if
sufficient oil pressure is showing.sufficient oil pressure is showing.
Make sure that all dash lights andMake sure that all dash lights and
safety warning buzzers are in fullsafety warning buzzers are in full
operation.operation.
With a manual transmission vehicle,With a manual transmission vehicle,
partly engage the clutch before youpartly engage the clutch before you
take your right foot off the brake.take your right foot off the brake.
Put on the parking brake wheneverPut on the parking brake whenever
necessary to keep from rolling back.necessary to keep from rolling back.
Release the parking brake when youRelease the parking brake when you
have applied enough engine power tohave applied enough engine power to
keep from rolling back.keep from rolling back.
Speed up smoothly and gradually soSpeed up smoothly and gradually so
the vehicle does not jerk.the vehicle does not jerk.
When shutting down the engine,When shutting down the engine,
depress the clutch and move thedepress the clutch and move the
gearshift to neutral. Cool the enginegearshift to neutral. Cool the engine
down by letting it idle for a fewdown by letting it idle for a few
minutes.minutes.
Turn the engine off.Turn the engine off.

CollegeCollege 2828
TransmissionTransmission
The essential parts of a heavy truckThe essential parts of a heavy truck
transmission include:transmission include:
Multiple countershaftsMultiple countershafts
Compound transmissionsCompound transmissions
Auxiliary transmissionsAuxiliary transmissions
RangesRanges
SplittersSplitters

CollegeCollege 2929
ABSABS
Antilock Braking systems (ABS) is aAntilock Braking systems (ABS) is a
computerized system that keeps your wheelscomputerized system that keeps your wheels
from locking up during hard brake applicationsfrom locking up during hard brake applications
Use the braking force necessary to stop safelyUse the braking force necessary to stop safely
and stay in controland stay in control
Brake the same wayBrake the same way
Drive so you never need to use your ABSDrive so you never need to use your ABS
The device will not allow you to drive faster,The device will not allow you to drive faster,
follow more closely or drive less carefullyfollow more closely or drive less carefully
The device will not compensate for bad brakesThe device will not compensate for bad brakes
or poor brake maintenanceor poor brake maintenance

CollegeCollege 3030
Jacobs Brake SystemJacobs Brake System
A driver can turn the engine brake on and off and select a level ofA driver can turn the engine brake on and off and select a level of
braking.braking.
Additional controls are activated by the position of the clutch pedalAdditional controls are activated by the position of the clutch pedal
and position of the throttle.and position of the throttle.
Allow the engine to reach full operating temperature beforeAllow the engine to reach full operating temperature before
switching on the engine brake.switching on the engine brake.
When your foot is off the clutch and you remove your footWhen your foot is off the clutch and you remove your foot
completely from the throttle, the engine brake is automaticallycompletely from the throttle, the engine brake is automatically
activated.activated.
When you apply pressure to the throttle, the Jacobs Engine BrakeWhen you apply pressure to the throttle, the Jacobs Engine Brake
is deactivated.is deactivated.
Turn off the engine brake dashboard switch.Turn off the engine brake dashboard switch.
Use the lowest possible gear without exceeding the recommendedUse the lowest possible gear without exceeding the recommended
engine speed for engine braking.engine speed for engine braking.
Do not use the Jacobs Engine Brake when bobtailing or pulling anDo not use the Jacobs Engine Brake when bobtailing or pulling an
empty trailer on wet or slippery pavement.empty trailer on wet or slippery pavement.

CollegeCollege 3131
Vehicle InspectionsVehicle Inspections
Pre-tripPre-trip
En-routeEn-route
Post-tripPost-trip
OfficialOfficial
roadsideroadside
inspectioninspection

CollegeCollege 3232
Pre-Trip Inspection ProcessPre-Trip Inspection Process
Vehicle OverviewVehicle Overview
Engine CompartmentEngine Compartment
Inside the CabInside the Cab
LightsLights
Walk-aroundWalk-around
BrakesBrakes

CollegeCollege 3333
En-RouteEn-Route
Keep an eye on your gauges for signs of trouble (air,Keep an eye on your gauges for signs of trouble (air,
engine, pressure, ammeter, voltmeter)engine, pressure, ammeter, voltmeter)
Use your senses to check for problems (look, listen,Use your senses to check for problems (look, listen,
smell and feel)smell and feel)
Check certain items when you stop; tires, wheels andCheck certain items when you stop; tires, wheels and
rims, brakes, lights and reflectors, brakes and electricalrims, brakes, lights and reflectors, brakes and electrical
connections to the trailer, trailer coupling devices andconnections to the trailer, trailer coupling devices and
cargo securement devicescargo securement devices
After you have driven for 3 hours or 150 miles, stock andAfter you have driven for 3 hours or 150 miles, stock and
re-check the cargo and securing devicesre-check the cargo and securing devices
Re-check after every break you take during your tripRe-check after every break you take during your trip

CollegeCollege 3434
Post InspectionPost Inspection
TiresTires
Wheels and RimsWheels and Rims
Brakes, Drums, shoesBrakes, Drums, shoes
Steering SystemSteering System
SuspensionSuspension
Exhaust SystemExhaust System
Emergency EquipmentEmergency Equipment
Lighting Devices and ReflectorsLighting Devices and Reflectors

CollegeCollege 3535
Official Roadside InspectionsOfficial Roadside Inspections
TheThe Critical ItemsCritical Items that will be inspectedthat will be inspected
during this time could include:during this time could include:
BrakesBrakes
Tires and wheelsTires and wheels
DrawbarsDrawbars
SteeringSteering
Fifth wheelFifth wheel
SuspensionSuspension

CollegeCollege 3636
DVIRDVIR
DVIR’s are to be completed at the start and end ofDVIR’s are to be completed at the start and end of
every dayevery day
DVIR’s can typically be found between passenger andDVIR’s can typically be found between passenger and
driver seatdriver seat
The DVIR should be signed off by last driver andThe DVIR should be signed off by last driver and
current driver indicating whether the vehicle is safe tocurrent driver indicating whether the vehicle is safe to
drive after completing your pre-trip inspectiondrive after completing your pre-trip inspection
Document defects/damage on DVIR and obtainDocument defects/damage on DVIR and obtain
witness verification from on-duty mechanic or otherwitness verification from on-duty mechanic or other
company employeecompany employee
If vehicle defect has not been repaired by a mechanicIf vehicle defect has not been repaired by a mechanic
and is unsafe to drive, see mechanic on dutyand is unsafe to drive, see mechanic on duty

CollegeCollege 3737
Shifting ExecutionShifting Execution
Basic Method for Shifting UpBasic Method for Shifting Up
Using Engine Speed (rpm) to Shift UpUsing Engine Speed (rpm) to Shift Up
Use Road Speed (mph) to shift UpUse Road Speed (mph) to shift Up
Basic Procedures for Shifting DownBasic Procedures for Shifting Down

CollegeCollege 3838
Backing and DockingBacking and Docking
Common Causes of Backing Accidents:Common Causes of Backing Accidents:
Backing unnecessarilyBacking unnecessarily
Blind areasBlind areas
Vehicle designVehicle design
Infrequent backing practiceInfrequent backing practice
Inadequate mental preparation for backingInadequate mental preparation for backing
Inadequate information during backingInadequate information during backing
Not checking the area being backed into beforeNot checking the area being backed into before
beginning the backing processbeginning the backing process
Not using your mirrorsNot using your mirrors
Not keeping your right foot poised over the brakeNot keeping your right foot poised over the brake
pedalspedals

CollegeCollege 3939
Basic ProcessBasic Process
AApproachpproach
SSet-upet-up
CCompletionompletion

CollegeCollege 4040
Backing StepsBacking Steps
Jacking and DockingJacking and Docking
Pre-Positioning for a Straight BackPre-Positioning for a Straight Back
Pre-Positioning on the Clear SidePre-Positioning on the Clear Side
Pre-Positioning on the Blind SidePre-Positioning on the Blind Side
DockingDocking
Parallel ParkingParallel Parking

CollegeCollege 4141
SteeringSteering
SteeringSteering
WheelWheel
SteeringSteering
AxleAxle
Steering ArmSteering Arm

CollegeCollege 4242
Alignment Section ElementsAlignment Section Elements
Toe In Toe OutToe In Toe Out
Camber (proper and improper)Camber (proper and improper)
CasterCaster
Turning RadiusTurning Radius
Set-Back Front AxleSet-Back Front Axle
Steering GeometrySteering Geometry
Improper AlignmentImproper Alignment

CollegeCollege 4343
Coupling and Uncoupling ProcessCoupling and Uncoupling Process
5LL5LL
Fifth WheelFifth Wheel
LightsLights
Landing GearLanding Gear
LL5LL5
Landing GearLanding Gear
LightsLights
Fifth WheelFifth Wheel

CollegeCollege 4444
Visual SearchVisual Search
Scan ahead Position the truckScan ahead Position the truck
properly in the laneproperly in the lane
Watch the road surfaceWatch the road surface
Don’t lock your eyes on the road inDon’t lock your eyes on the road in
frontfront
Scanning must include the sidesScanning must include the sides
and back of the road and vehicleand back of the road and vehicle
Position both plane and convexPosition both plane and convex
mirrorsmirrors
Keep track of who is on the roadKeep track of who is on the road
with youwith you
Look for vehicles coming onto theLook for vehicles coming onto the
highway, into your lane or turninghighway, into your lane or turning
Watch for brake lights formWatch for brake lights form
slowing vehiclesslowing vehicles
Make regular checks of yourMake regular checks of your
mirrorsmirrors
When changing lanes, turning,When changing lanes, turning,
merging and making tightmerging and making tight
maneuvers – do not rely solely onmaneuvers – do not rely solely on
your mirrors, check to the sides asyour mirrors, check to the sides as
wellwell
When you use your mirrors whileWhen you use your mirrors while
driving on the road, check quickly,driving on the road, check quickly,
look back and forth between thelook back and forth between the
mirror and the road aheadmirror and the road ahead
Use a regular pattern mirror checkUse a regular pattern mirror check
every 5-8 secondsevery 5-8 seconds
Check instrument panel frequentlyCheck instrument panel frequently
Recognize and adjust for blindRecognize and adjust for blind
spots and no-see zonesspots and no-see zones
Make sure you are behind theMake sure you are behind the
other vehicle at least 6-8 secondsother vehicle at least 6-8 seconds
Avoid diverting attention from theAvoid diverting attention from the
path aheadpath ahead

CollegeCollege 4545
Vehicle CommunicationVehicle Communication
SignalingSignaling
Changing lanesChanging lanes
Intent to slow, turn orIntent to slow, turn or
stopstop
Using flashers – bothUsing flashers – both
brakes and headlightsbrakes and headlights
Misuse of hornMisuse of horn
Paying attention toPaying attention to
others around youothers around you
ReactionsReactions

CollegeCollege 4646
Speed and Space ManagementSpeed and Space Management
Stopping DistanceStopping Distance
Road SurfaceRoad Surface
Shape of the RoadShape of the Road
SpeedSpeed
VisibilityVisibility
Flow of TrafficFlow of Traffic
Space Behind and BesideSpace Behind and Beside
YouYou
Space Above and BelowSpace Above and Below
the Truckthe Truck
Space AheadSpace Ahead
Space for TrafficSpace for Traffic
GapsGaps
Giving Space toGiving Space to
OthersOthers
Right of WayRight of Way
PassingPassing
Being PassedBeing Passed
Meeting OtherMeeting Other
VehicleVehicle

CollegeCollege 4747
Stopping DistanceStopping Distance
The heavier the vehicle, the more work theThe heavier the vehicle, the more work the
brakes must do to stop and the morebrakes must do to stop and the more
heat they absorb. The brakes, tires,heat they absorb. The brakes, tires,
springs and shock absorbers aresprings and shock absorbers are
designed to work best when the vehicledesigned to work best when the vehicle
is fully loaded. When your truck isis fully loaded. When your truck is
empty, you will need more stoppingempty, you will need more stopping
distance due to less traction.distance due to less traction.

CollegeCollege 4848
Night OperationNight Operation
The VehicleThe Vehicle
The RoadThe Road
The DriverThe Driver
Other TipsOther Tips

CollegeCollege 4949
Extreme Driving ConditionsExtreme Driving Conditions
GradeGrade
A small grade may be only a 4% grade.A small grade may be only a 4% grade.
This means there is a 4-foot change inThis means there is a 4-foot change in
altitude for every 100 feet of roadway. Aaltitude for every 100 feet of roadway. A
4% grade in a thousand feet would mean4% grade in a thousand feet would mean
a 40-foot increase or decrease in altitude.a 40-foot increase or decrease in altitude.

CollegeCollege 5050
Uphill OperationsUphill Operations
If you do not downshift on an upgrade, you will lug the engine andIf you do not downshift on an upgrade, you will lug the engine and
eventually stalleventually stall
Downshifting on an upgrade is different from downshifting on levelDownshifting on an upgrade is different from downshifting on level
groundground
On a grade, the truck will slow down much more quicklyOn a grade, the truck will slow down much more quickly
Shift fastShift fast
Your double-clutch technique must be very accurateYour double-clutch technique must be very accurate
If you do “miss a gear,” your only choice may be to bring the truck toIf you do “miss a gear,” your only choice may be to bring the truck to
a stop, shift into first and continue up the hilla stop, shift into first and continue up the hill
You probably will not be able to upshift many gears so your trip upYou probably will not be able to upshift many gears so your trip up
the hill will be a slow onethe hill will be a slow one
Traffic, poor driving habits and wear and tear on the rig can impactTraffic, poor driving habits and wear and tear on the rig can impact
your uphill operation efficiencyyour uphill operation efficiency
To reduce wear and tear on your rig watch the temperature of theTo reduce wear and tear on your rig watch the temperature of the
engine, transmission and differentialengine, transmission and differential

CollegeCollege 5151
Downhill OperationsDownhill Operations
Reduce and control your speed before you start descending down a hillReduce and control your speed before you start descending down a hill
Avoid making any sudden moves on the road. If your back box starts toAvoid making any sudden moves on the road. If your back box starts to
slide,slide, DO NOT BREAK!DO NOT BREAK!
Be careful not to downshift too far or not far enoughBe careful not to downshift too far or not far enough
Pull off before descending and check the brakesPull off before descending and check the brakes
Use one gear down from what you used to climb the hillUse one gear down from what you used to climb the hill
Be in the right gear before you start heading downBe in the right gear before you start heading down
Check the slack adjusters and look for any other loose or broken partsCheck the slack adjusters and look for any other loose or broken parts
Do not change gears on a downhill runDo not change gears on a downhill run
Turn on the auxiliary brakeTurn on the auxiliary brake
With the engine retarder on, you will probably not need the service brakesWith the engine retarder on, you will probably not need the service brakes
Service brakes should only be used when either the engine rpm or the truckService brakes should only be used when either the engine rpm or the truck
speed exceeds safe limitsspeed exceeds safe limits
Do not fan or pump the brakesDo not fan or pump the brakes
Overheating the brakes can also cause the brake drums to get red hot andOverheating the brakes can also cause the brake drums to get red hot and
crack, brake linings to burn up, wheel grease seals to get hot and leakcrack, brake linings to burn up, wheel grease seals to get hot and leak
greasegrease

CollegeCollege 5252
Runaway RampsRunaway Ramps
Turn on your lights and flashersTurn on your lights and flashers
Blow the air hornBlow the air horn
Look for runaway ramp signsLook for runaway ramp signs
As you enter the ramp, shift your rig into neutralAs you enter the ramp, shift your rig into neutral
Hold the steering wheel firmlyHold the steering wheel firmly
When you stop, shut off the engine and turn offWhen you stop, shut off the engine and turn off
the lightsthe lights
Climb out and take the fire extinguisherClimb out and take the fire extinguisher

CollegeCollege 5353
Adverse Weather ConditionsAdverse Weather Conditions
FogFog
RainRain
SnowSnow
IceIce
WindWind

CollegeCollege 5454
LiquidLiquid
GasGas
SolidSolid

CollegeCollege 5555
Hazardous Materials ClassHazardous Materials Class
ExplosivesExplosives
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
CylindersCylinders
Flammable SolidsFlammable Solids
Oxidizing SubstancesOxidizing Substances
PoisonsPoisons
Radioactive MaterialsRadioactive Materials
CorrosivesCorrosives
MiscellaneousMiscellaneous
ORM-D (otherORM-D (other
regulated material –regulated material –
Domestic)Domestic)
Combustible LiquidsCombustible Liquids

CollegeCollege 5656
PlacardsPlacards

CollegeCollege 5757
Safe Transport on the RoadSafe Transport on the Road
Tire InspectionTire Inspection
ParkingParking
RoutingRouting
Railroad CrossingRailroad Crossing
FireFire

CollegeCollege 5858
Emergency ManeuversEmergency Maneuvers
Over-BrakingOver-Braking
Over-SteeringOver-Steering
Over-Over-
AcceleratingAccelerating

CollegeCollege 5959
Railroad CrossingsRailroad Crossings
Passive crossingsPassive crossings do not have any type ofdo not have any type of
traffic control device. They require the driver totraffic control device. They require the driver to
recognize the crossing, search for any trainrecognize the crossing, search for any train
using the tracks and decide if there is sufficientusing the tracks and decide if there is sufficient
clear space to cross safely. They will haveclear space to cross safely. They will have
yellow circular advance warning signs,yellow circular advance warning signs,
pavement markings and crossbucks to assistpavement markings and crossbucks to assist
you.you.
Active crossingsActive crossings have a traffic control devicehave a traffic control device
installed at the crossing to regulate traffic.installed at the crossing to regulate traffic.
These include flashing red lights, with or withoutThese include flashing red lights, with or without
bells and gates.bells and gates.

CollegeCollege 6060
Signs and SymbolsSigns and Symbols
Crossbuck SignsCrossbuck Signs
Advance Warning SignsAdvance Warning Signs
Flashing Light SignalFlashing Light Signal
Standard BellStandard Bell
Standard GatesStandard Gates
Long Arm GateLong Arm Gate
Four Quadrant GatesFour Quadrant Gates
Barrier GatesBarrier Gates
Median BarriersMedian Barriers
Wayside HornsWayside Horns
Exempt SignsExempt Signs
Yield SignsYield Signs
Do Not Stop on TrackDo Not Stop on Track
SignsSigns
Stop SignStop Sign
Tracks Out of ServiceTracks Out of Service
SignSign
Parallel Track SignParallel Track Sign
Low Ground ClearanceLow Ground Clearance
SignSign
Number SignNumber Sign
Pavement MarkingsPavement Markings

CollegeCollege 6161
Vehicle Checks and MaintenanceVehicle Checks and Maintenance
Routine servicingRoutine servicing
Scheduled preventativeScheduled preventative
maintenancemaintenance
Unscheduled maintenanceUnscheduled maintenance
and repairand repair

CollegeCollege 6262
Maintenance Check AreasMaintenance Check Areas
Braking systemBraking system
Steering systemSteering system
Coupling devicesCoupling devices
Tires and wheelsTires and wheels
Suspension system (clutch and engineSuspension system (clutch and engine
areas)areas)

CollegeCollege 6363
Winterizing and SummerizingWinterizing and Summerizing
WinterizingWinterizing
Check antifreeze levelCheck antifreeze level
Make sure heaters andMake sure heaters and
defrosters workdefrosters work
Check windshield washerCheck windshield washer
antifreezeantifreeze
Make sure truck is cleanMake sure truck is clean
SummerizingSummerizing
Double check the engine oilDouble check the engine oil
supply,supply,
Check antifreeze level,Check antifreeze level,
Double check the conditionDouble check the condition
and tightness of the waterand tightness of the water
pump and fan belts,pump and fan belts,
Double check the conditionDouble check the condition
of the coolant hoses,of the coolant hoses,
Check tire pressureCheck tire pressure
Make sure truck is cleanMake sure truck is clean

CollegeCollege 6464
Diagnosing and ReportingDiagnosing and Reporting
MalfunctionsMalfunctions
Completing DVIR’s Check ListCompleting DVIR’s Check List
DVIR’s are to be completed at the start and end ofDVIR’s are to be completed at the start and end of
every day.every day.
DVIR’s can typically be found between passenger andDVIR’s can typically be found between passenger and
driver seat.driver seat.
The DVIR should be signed off by last driver andThe DVIR should be signed off by last driver and
current driver indicating whether the vehicle is safe tocurrent driver indicating whether the vehicle is safe to
drive after completing your pre-trip inspection.drive after completing your pre-trip inspection.
If vehicle defect has not been repaired by a mechanicIf vehicle defect has not been repaired by a mechanic
and is unsafe to drive, see mechanic on duty.and is unsafe to drive, see mechanic on duty.

CollegeCollege 6565
Handling, Adjusting andHandling, Adjusting and
Documenting Cargo and ManifestDocumenting Cargo and Manifest
Bills of LadingBills of Lading
Freights BillsFreights Bills
WaybillsWaybills
ManifestManifest
Pro BillsPro Bills
Delivery ReceiptsDelivery Receipts
Trip ReportsTrip Reports

CollegeCollege 6666
Liquid TankersLiquid Tankers
Steps for loading a Liquid TankerSteps for loading a Liquid Tanker
Turn off your engine before loading or unloading anyTurn off your engine before loading or unloading any
flammable liquidflammable liquid
Never load liquid tankers completely full because liquidsNever load liquid tankers completely full because liquids
need room to expand when warm (this is called outageneed room to expand when warm (this is called outage
and your dispatcher will let you know how much youand your dispatcher will let you know how much you
need)need)
Fill a liquid tanker only partially full of heavy liquidsFill a liquid tanker only partially full of heavy liquids
Inspect the hoses and valves for leaksInspect the hoses and valves for leaks
Check the temperature and pressure gauges for normalCheck the temperature and pressure gauges for normal
readingsreadings

CollegeCollege 6767
Proper Weight DistributionsProper Weight Distributions
Gross Weight andGross Weight and
Gross CombinationGross Combination
WeightWeight
Axle WeightAxle Weight
Tire LoadTire Load
Suspension SystemsSuspension Systems
Coupling DeviceCoupling Device
CapacityCapacity

CollegeCollege 6868
Securing the CargoSecuring the Cargo
Blocking and BracingBlocking and Bracing
Cargo TiedownCargo Tiedown
Header BoardsHeader Boards
Covering CargoCovering Cargo
Sealed and Containerized LoadsSealed and Containerized Loads

CollegeCollege 6969
Map ReadingMap Reading
U.S. HighwaysU.S. Highways
InterstatesInterstates
Under ConstructionUnder Construction
TollwaysTollways
Tourist AreasTourist Areas
FerriesFerries
Port of EntriesPort of Entries
Weigh StationsWeigh Stations
Time ZonesTime Zones
Highway MileageHighway Mileage
Map ScaleMap Scale
RouteRoute

CollegeCollege 7070
Fuel ManagementFuel Management
FrictionFriction – the rubbing of one surface against the– the rubbing of one surface against the
other. There is friction between your truck tiers andother. There is friction between your truck tiers and
the road. This is called rolling resistance or traction.the road. This is called rolling resistance or traction.
There is also friction between the truck and the air; thisThere is also friction between the truck and the air; this
is called air resistance or drag.is called air resistance or drag.
GravityGravity – helps hold your vehicle on the road but too– helps hold your vehicle on the road but too
much gravity slows down your vehicle and even keepsmuch gravity slows down your vehicle and even keeps
it from moving. Gross vehicle weight affects theit from moving. Gross vehicle weight affects the
influence of gravity on a truck.influence of gravity on a truck.
InertiaInertia – is the tendency of an object that is in motion– is the tendency of an object that is in motion
to stay in motion (and to stay still if it is already still).to stay in motion (and to stay still if it is already still).
You must overcome inertia to get the truck to stop orYou must overcome inertia to get the truck to stop or
move.move.

CollegeCollege 7171
Fuel Management StrategiesFuel Management Strategies
Keeping Speed DownKeeping Speed Down
Progressive ShiftingProgressive Shifting
Skip ShiftingSkip Shifting
Road ManagementRoad Management
Idling and Shutting Down the EngineIdling and Shutting Down the Engine
Proper Maintenance and Optional EquipmentProper Maintenance and Optional Equipment
Aerodynamic DesignAerodynamic Design

CollegeCollege 7272
Hours of ServiceHours of Service
Off Duty – “OFF” – your own timeOff Duty – “OFF” – your own time
Sleeper Berth – “SB” – and only in thisSleeper Berth – “SB” – and only in this
areaarea
Driving – “D” – at the wheel while inDriving – “D” – at the wheel while in
operationoperation
On Duty – “On” – not driving time,On Duty – “On” – not driving time,
inspections, waiting for dispatch, timeinspections, waiting for dispatch, time
spent loading and unloading, co-driving,spent loading and unloading, co-driving,
working for someone elseworking for someone else

CollegeCollege 7373
LogbooksLogbooks
Know where to find themKnow where to find them
Write legiblyWrite legibly
Include key information (name of driver, month, day and year ofInclude key information (name of driver, month, day and year of
beginning of 24 hour period, carrier’s vehicle number, number ofbeginning of 24 hour period, carrier’s vehicle number, number of
miles you drove that day, legal signature, name and main officemiles you drove that day, legal signature, name and main office
address of carrier, name of co-driver if there was one, number ofaddress of carrier, name of co-driver if there was one, number of
hours in each duty status, total hours (adding to 24), any sippinghours in each duty status, total hours (adding to 24), any sipping
document numbers or names of shippers)document numbers or names of shippers)
Update your logbook each time you change your duty status (youUpdate your logbook each time you change your duty status (you
need to record the name of the city, town or village with the stateneed to record the name of the city, town or village with the state
abbreviated and where the change took place)abbreviated and where the change took place)
Always use the local time from your base locationAlways use the local time from your base location
Time must total 24 hours each dayTime must total 24 hours each day
Keep track of your time to the closest quarter of an hourKeep track of your time to the closest quarter of an hour

CollegeCollege 7474
Monthly Summary SheetMonthly Summary Sheet
AA = total hours on-duty the last seven= total hours on-duty the last seven
daysdays
BB = how many hours you can work= how many hours you can work
tomorrowtomorrow
CC = How many hours you have worked in= How many hours you have worked in
the last eight daysthe last eight days

CollegeCollege 7575
Inventory and Stocking ProcessInventory and Stocking Process
Inventory ProcessInventory Process Stocking ProcessStocking Process

CollegeCollege 7676
Preventable AccidentsPreventable Accidents
IntersectionsIntersections
BackingBacking
Front-End collisionsFront-End collisions
vehicle number 1 intovehicle number 1 into
vehicle number 2Rear-vehicle number 2Rear-
end Collisions Vehicleend Collisions Vehicle
Number 2 into vehicleNumber 2 into vehicle
number 1Passing Safelynumber 1Passing Safely
Being PassedBeing Passed
Lane EncroachmentLane Encroachment
Blind Spot Not ValidBlind Spot Not Valid
ExcuseExcuse
Grade CrossingsGrade Crossings
Approach of OpposingApproach of Opposing
VehiclesVehicles
Turning WeatherTurning Weather
Alleys, Driveways andAlleys, Driveways and
Plant EntrancesPlant Entrances
Fixed ObjectsFixed Objects
Private Property,Private Property,
Driveways, Lawns, Etc.Driveways, Lawns, Etc.
ParkingParking
Mechanical FailureMechanical Failure
Non-CollisionNon-Collision

CollegeCollege 7777
Accident Prevention StrategiesAccident Prevention Strategies
Aim High in SteeringAim High in Steering
Get the Big PictureGet the Big Picture
Keep Your EyesKeep Your Eyes
MovingMoving
Leave Yourself AnLeave Yourself An
OutOut
Make Sure They SeeMake Sure They See
YouYou

CollegeCollege 7878
Accident and Safety ManagementAccident and Safety Management
Daylight UseDaylight Use
Nighttime UseNighttime Use
Reflective TrianglesReflective Triangles
PlacementPlacement
Four-way FlashersFour-way Flashers

CollegeCollege 7979
Accident ProcessAccident Process
RRemain calmemain calm
OOnly talk to the proper officialsnly talk to the proper officials
UUnderstand the processnderstand the process
TTake care of the people and processake care of the people and process
EExemplify the company throughout thexemplify the company throughout the
processprocess

CollegeCollege 8080
Road LifeRoad Life
TimeTime
ManagementManagement
Managing MoneyManaging Money
Physical FitnessPhysical Fitness
Healthy EatingHealthy Eating
Managing FatigueManaging Fatigue
Running YourRunning Your
Life!Life!

CollegeCollege 8181
ScenarioScenario
““You are about to go on a trip that will take youYou are about to go on a trip that will take you
away for 2 days. It will take you 350 miles eachaway for 2 days. It will take you 350 miles each
day to get to your destination and back. Theday to get to your destination and back. The
price of gas is $3.50 a gallon. Your tank holdsprice of gas is $3.50 a gallon. Your tank holds
approximately two 110 gallon tanks. Your hotelapproximately two 110 gallon tanks. Your hotel
charge will cost you $70. There are two tolls oncharge will cost you $70. There are two tolls on
the road that will cost approximately $6 total.the road that will cost approximately $6 total.
Take a few minutes to price the cost of gas andTake a few minutes to price the cost of gas and
how much money you will need for the trip.”how much money you will need for the trip.”

CollegeCollege 8282
Moderate Physical ActivitiesModerate Physical Activities
Walking briskly (about 3 ½ miles per hour)Walking briskly (about 3 ½ miles per hour)
HikingHiking
Gardening/yard workGardening/yard work
DancingDancing
Golf (walking and carrying clubs)Golf (walking and carrying clubs)
Bicycling (less than 10 miles per hour)Bicycling (less than 10 miles per hour)
Weight training (general light workout)Weight training (general light workout)

CollegeCollege 8383
Vigorous Physical ActivitiesVigorous Physical Activities
Running/jogging (5 miles per hour)Running/jogging (5 miles per hour)
Bicycling (more than 10 miles per hour)Bicycling (more than 10 miles per hour)
Swimming (freestyle laps)Swimming (freestyle laps)
AerobicsAerobics
Walking very fast (4 ½ miles per hour)Walking very fast (4 ½ miles per hour)
Heavy yard work, such as chopping woodHeavy yard work, such as chopping wood
Weight lifting (vigorous effort)Weight lifting (vigorous effort)
Basketball (competitive)Basketball (competitive)

CollegeCollege 8484
Types of FoodsTypes of Foods
GrainsGrains
FruitsFruits
VegetablesVegetables
Meat and BeansMeat and Beans
MilkMilk
Oils and Discretionary CaloriesOils and Discretionary Calories

CollegeCollege 8585
Signs of FatigueSigns of Fatigue
Poor concentrationPoor concentration
Tired or sore eyesTired or sore eyes
RestlessnessRestlessness
DrowsinessDrowsiness
Slow reactionsSlow reactions
BoredomBoredom
Feeling irritableFeeling irritable
Making fewer and largerMaking fewer and larger
steering correctionssteering corrections
Missing road signsMissing road signs
Having difficulty in staying inHaving difficulty in staying in
the lanethe lane
Micro sleepsMicro sleeps

CollegeCollege 8686
Review your assigned tripReview your assigned trip
Complete questions in workbookComplete questions in workbook
Be prepared to discuss your rationaleBe prepared to discuss your rationale
behind your answersbehind your answers
Review as a teamReview as a team

CollegeCollege 8787
Driving BehaviorDriving Behavior
IntoxicationIntoxication
JudgmentJudgment
ReflexesReflexes
AttitudeAttitude
VisionVision
AttentionAttention
AngerAnger
Personal issuesPersonal issues
Physical conditionPhysical condition
AggressivenessAggressiveness

CollegeCollege 8888
Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
DynamicDynamic Movement BasedMovement Based
ActivitiesActivities
Stretching Based ActivitiesStretching Based Activities

CollegeCollege 8989
Stretches to PerformStretches to Perform
Cross BackCross Back
Elbow TouchesElbow Touches
Cop SquatCop Squat
Elbow DropsElbow Drops
Knee HugsKnee Hugs
Standing HipStanding Hip
CirclesCircles

CollegeCollege 9090
Workshop ClosureWorkshop Closure
Assessment(s)Assessment(s)
FeedbackFeedback
EvaluationsEvaluations

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