3. Quality: a definition
• “The degree to which a set of inherent
characteristics fulfills requirements.”
– Andy Crowe, PMP. The PMP Exam, How to Pass On
Your First Try 5th ed.
16. Out of Control
• The process is out of state of statistical control
under these two circumstances :
1. A data point falls outside the upper or lower
control limit.
2. There are nonrandom data points; may
happen within the upper and lower control
limits.
17. Rule of Seven
• Refer to a group or series of nonrandom data
points that total seven on one side of the
mean.
• It tells you that although none of these points
are outside of the control limits, they are not
random and the process is out of control.
• Should investigate this type of situation and
find a cause.
18. Assignable Cause/Special Cause
Variation
• Signifies that a process is out of control.
• It means a data point or series of data falls
outside the control limits and requires
investigation to determine the cause of
variation.
• We can use the cause and effect diagram to
try uncover the root cause of the variation.
