2. Urinary system
Excretory system- removes waste and excess water
from the body and is important for maintaining the
body’s acid-base balance.
3. What makes up the urinary system
2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 bladder
1 urethra
This system is sterile!!!!
4. kidneys
Located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity
Each kidney is surrounded by an adipose capsule
Divided into cortex- outer part with nephrons and
medulla-inner part with collection tubules
5. nephrons
Microscopic filtering units
More than a million per kidney
Each nephron contains:
Glomerulous-(high pressure coiled capillaries)---filters
water, mineral salts, sugar, metabolic product, and
other crud, but not RBC’s and protein. Then goes out
the renal vein to go back to the heart
Bowman’s capsule- c- shaped structure that
surrounds glomerulous it picks up the bad stuff that is
filtered out, and takes it to the convoluted tubule…….
To be continued
6. nephron
Convoluted tubule- it collects the crud that was
filtered out and returns the things the body needs
back into the blood by the capillaries- water, sugar,
salt
Excess water sugar and salt stay in the tubule and
form urine which go to the collecting ducts
Collecting ducts- other tubules that dump urine into
the renal pelvis-a funnel at the top of the ureter.
7. Drawing Billy the kidney
Make a beautiful most beautiful drawing of the
nephron for yourself!
8. ureters
2 tubes that are 10-12 inches in length that goes from
the kidney to the bladder
Peristalsis moves the urine through the ureter from
the kidney to the bladder.
9. bladder
Hollow muscular sac located behind the symphysis
pubis midline
Urge to void bladder occurs when there is 250 cc or 1
cup of urine
When the bladder is full, receptors in the wall of the
bladder signal muscles to open- a reflex
10. urethra
Urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder
to the outside opening called the urinary meatus
11. Blood pressure and the kidney
Andy gets shot
Andy is bleeding out
Andy’s BP drops
Inside Andy, his kidneys have a cell that detects
changes in the system. They release renin- a hormone
that floats around in the body and finds angiotensin.
This is a chemical that when touched by renin turns
into angiotensin I. To be continued……
12. Blood pressure and Billy the kidney
Angiotensin I as a hormone can change blood
pressure a little, but it has to convert to Angiotensin
II.
Angiotensin II is much more powerful, and can
change blood pressure more dramatically
This change over happens in the lungs- remember
when we talked about blowing off CO2? It just came
back around to bite you in the gluteus!
13. Blood pressure and Billy the kidney
Want to know how angiotensin coverts itself from I
to II? Angiotensin Converting Enzyme of course! It is
called ACE
That is why people take ACE inhibitors-it controls
high blood pressure!!!!!
Light bulb! kill angiotensin II=reduced blood pressure
14. Pathopathopathopathopatho
Kidney stones- no these are not rocks you
swallowed…
This may be called renal calculus- it is when minerals
from our diets build up in the kidneys and form
stones……..
15. Rolling kidney stones
Signs and symptoms of kidney stones:
extreme pain in your back or side that will not go
away
blood in your urine
fever and chills
vomiting
urine that smells bad or looks cloudy
a burning feeling when you urinate
16. What do they look like?
Kidney stones may be as small as a grain of sand or as
large as a pearl. Some stones are even as big as golf
balls. Stones may be smooth or jagged. They are
usually yellow or brown.
Golf ball size brown jagged and yellow small smooth
17. How to get rid of them
Shoot shock waves transdermally into the kidney to
break up stones to pass them called lithotripsy-stone
crushing
Tunnel surgery makes an incision into the kidney
through the back to pull the kidney stone out
Uteroscope- doctor sends a wire device through the
urethra and a cage and pull it out
18. Urinary tract infections
UTI most common in women due to shorter structure
of the urinary tract, and proximity of the meatus to
the vagina and rectum
Remember the urinary tract is sterile, but the GI
system is not
Most common infections are from the e.coli bacteria
common to the intestines
19. UTI
Signs and symptoms of UTI:
Frequent urination
Burning with urination
Strange odor
Cloudy color to blood tinged called hematuria
Treatment- antibiotics to kill bacteria and increase
fluid intake
20. pyelonephritis
This is inflammation of the kidney tissue and renal pelvis.
This is usually caused by the strep bacteria, and forms pus
in the kidney which is excreted with urine
Signs and symptoms:
High fever
Chills
severe back pain
Generalized weakness and pain
Loss of appetite and nausea
Treatment: antibiotics and increased fluid intake
21. Renal failure
Renal failure is when the kidneys shut down and stop
filtering the blood.
ARF= acute renal failure, sudden drop in urine
production due to infection, trauma or blood loss,
this is sudden, and most of the time not permanent
Feels like:
22. ARF
Little or no urine when you urinate.
Swelling, especially in your legs and feet.
Not feeling like eating.
Nausea and vomiting.
Feeling confused, anxious and restless, or sleepy.
Pain in the back just below the rib cage. This is called
flank pain.
Treatment- dialysis- a machine filters the blood
where the body can’t
24. Chronic renal failure stages
Stage I= slight kidney damage- observation and
control BP
Stage II= mild decrease in kidney function-
observation and control BP
Stage III= moderate decrease in kidney function
observation and control BP
Stage IV= severe decrease in function-planning on
end-stage renal failure
Stage V= dialysis and kidney transplant
