Explain what culture is; identify culture's various components; enumerate the positive and negative impacts of tourism on culture and society

1. TOURISM IMPACTS
on CULTURE & SOCIETY
CRIS EDREN L. DELA PENA, MBA-TRM
College of Business Administration
University of the Visayas

2. CULTURE and
its Components
Culture
“the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and
emotional features of society or a social group, that
encompasses, not only art and literature, but lifestyles, ways
of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.”
- UNESCO

3. CULTURE and
its Components
Potential impacts of culture on the economic and
social development of countries
a. Cultural assets can support sustainable local
development, through their economic impacts as cultural
industries and their contribution to social and cultural
revitalization.
b. Culture offers opportunities for various sectors to
participate in activities that contribute to gender equality,
self-esteem, and social awareness.

4. CULTURE and
its Components
Under the UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics (FCS), there
are tangible and intangible cultural heritages. Under the tangible
cultural heritage category, there are six domains:
1. Cultural and natural heritage;
2. Performance and celebration;
3. Visual arts and crafts;
4. Books and press;
5. Audio-visual and interactive media; and
6. Design and creative services.

5. CULTURE and
its Components
The following aspects of culture are significantly affected by
tourism development:
1. Cultural and natural heritage
2. Cultural landscapes
3. Natural heritage
4. Performance and celebration
5. Visual arts, such as paintings, drawings, sculpture, crafts
and photography, as well as galleries
6. Crafts or artisanal products

6. INTANGIBLE
Cultural Heritage
Intangible Cultural Heritage
“the practices , representations, expressions, knowledge,
skills—as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts, and cultural
spaces associated therewith—that communities, groups and, in
some cases, individuals recognized as part of their cultural
heritage.”
- UNESCO
• ICH is traditional and living at the same time.
• ICH can only be defined as such when a community
recognizes it as part of its heritage.

7. INTANGIBLE
Cultural Heritage
Intangible Cultural Heritage
As given by UNESCO, the published list of Intangible
Cultural Heritage of the Philippines follows 5 domains:
Domain 1: Oral Traditions and Expressions, including Language as
a Vehicle of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
Domain 2: Performing Arts
Domain 3: Social Practices, Rituals, and Festive Events
Domain 4: Knowledge and Practices Concerning Nature and the
Universe
Domain 5: Traditional Craftsmanship

8. Drivers of Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
• Culture is diffused across countries by tourists, who act as
agents of cultural change.

9. Drivers of Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
• Tourism is also induced by films and TV series.

10. Positive Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING
• CULTURAL PRESERVATION
• EDUCATION

11. Positive Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE
• EMPOWERMENT

12. Negative Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• STUNTED CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
• Tourism can also cause native cultures to wither and die
through acculturation, commodification, and
homogenization.
• Local language “erode” because of the use of English as
the lingua franca of tourism.
• Demonstration effect – happens when locals get to imitate
foreign tourists’ behavior simply by observing the latter.

13. Negative Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• STUNTED CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
• Loss of authenticity and cultural bastardization.

14. Negative Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• STUNTED CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
• Another effect of mass tourism is trivialization.

15. Negative Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• STUNTED CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
• Trivialization occurs because of lack of cultural orientation
of tourists.

16. Negative Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• COMMODODIFICATION OF CULTURE
• Commodification or Commercialization – is the process
where cultural elements are presented for the mass
consumption of tourists.

17. Negative Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• COMMODODIFICATION OF CULTURE
• When tourism growth is not
supported by sound planning and
management, loss of resident
identity and local culture could
occur.

18. Negative Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• MORAL DECADENCE
• The presence of outsiders has been linked to increased
incidence of prostitution, crime, drug abuse, and
alcoholism.

19. Negative Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• SOCIAL DIVISIONS
• Migrants to tourist destinations are targets of ill feelings by
residents because the take away jobs from locals.
• The outcome is a stronger polarization among the social
class.

20. Negative Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• DISPLACEMENT
• Outside investors buy prime property from the locals;
locals, sometimes, have to relocated because they sold
their land to investors.
• Although beaches are supposed to be public domains or
commons, some resort owners appropriate the beachfront
to themselves.

21. Negative Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• COMMUNITY STRESS
• Tourism creates inconvenience and stress due to crowding
and congestion.
• Tourism affects sociocultural characteristics, such as habits,
daily routines, social lives, beliefs, and values which lead to
psychological tension.
• Increased tourism volume is not readily matched to
sufficient energy and water supply as the provision of such
entails bureaucratic procedures like public bidding and
budget allocation.
• Sometimes garbage dumps are located away from the
tourist zones but within places where the poor and
indigenous people live.

22. Negative Impacts
of Tourism on Culture
and Society
• DEPENDENCE
• Many tour operators fund humanitarian projects and
schools as part of their corporate social responsibility.
However, (Hein) noted that this practice has negative
consequences.
• Communities throughout the Third World tend to rely on
tours for income generating and development, which
creates cyclical dependency on foreign cash flow and
mobilization.

23. ACTIVITY
Write your travel experiences
in terms of how they have
been able to transform you
(e.g., making you appreciate
being Filipino)

24. TOURISM IMPACTS
on CULTURE & SOCIETY
CRIS EDREN L. DELA PENA, MBA-TRM
College of Business Administration
University of the Visayas