1. Estrategias de (auto)formación en el contexto
europeo
con miras al 2020
@cristobalcobo

2. 'The whole of life is learning, therefore
education can have no endings'
(Eduard Lindeman, 1926)
Lindeman, E. C. (1926) The Meaning of Adult Education, New York: New Republic. Republished in a new edition in 1989 by
The Oklahoma Research Center for Continuing Professional and Higher Education.

3. Student performance and national income
PER
BRA
IDN
ALB
MKD
ARGCHL
MEX
THA
BGR
ISR
GRC
PRT
LUX
ITA
DEU
NOR
USA
ESP
LVA RUS
POL HUN
CZE
KOR NZL
HKG
JPN
FIN
GBR
AUSCAN
FRA
SWE
BEL
DNK
IRL
AUT
ISLCHE
300
350
400
450
500
550
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
GDP per capita (US$converted using PPPs)
Averageperformance(reading,mathematicaland
scientificliteracy)
Source: OECD Education. (2013).

4. Reading literacy proficiency by levels of engagement and
social background
423
467
540
583
506
463
548
540
491
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
Low engagement Medium engagement High engagement
ReadingLiteracyPerformance
Low socio-economic background
Medium socio-economic background
High socio-economic background
Source: OECD Education. (2003).

5. Spending per student at the tertiary level
Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions for all services, by level of education (2010)
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
20 000
22 000
24 000
26 000
28 000
30 000
UnitedStates
Switzerland
Sweden
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
Finland
Japan
Ireland
United…
Belgium
Australia
France
Austria
Spain
Brazil
EU21average
Israel
Portugal
NewZealand
Korea
Slovenia
Italy
Poland
Hungary
Iceland
Mexico
Czech…
Chile
Slovak…
Estonia
Argentina
Expenditure per student (equivalent USD
converted using PPPs)
Tertiary education
Source: OECD Education. (2013).

6. The most popular fields of education chosen by new entrants
into tertiary programmes are social sciences, business and law
Distribution of new entrants into tertiary
programmes, by field of education (2011)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Humanities, arts and education Health and welfare
Social sciences, business and law Services
Engineering, manufacturing and construction Sciences Source: OECD Education. (2013).

7. More women than men earn a university-level degree
Proportion of students who enter tertiary education and graduate with at least a first
degree/qualification at this level, by gender (2011)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Japan
Australia
Spain,
Denmark
Finland
Belgium(Fl.)
Turkey
Netherlands
CzechRepublic
Germany
Poland
EU21average
Portugal
OECDaverage
Mexico
Austria
Norway
NewZealand
Hungary
UnitedStates
Sweden
Women Men%
Source: OECD Education. (2013).

9. Council, U. S. N. I. (2004). Mapping the global future: report of the National Intelligence Council’s 2020 Project, based on consultations with nongovernmental
experts around the world. National Intelligence Council : [Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., distributor.
56
16
13
7
5
3

10. • Raising the employment to 75%.
• Raising R&D investment to 3% (EU's GDP).
• Cut greenhouse gas emission by 20% (+20%
renewable).
• Reducing school dropout by 10%.
• Reducing poverty line by 25%.
“Europe 2020”: Green growth and jobs? (2010). EurActiv.com. Retrieved August 14, 2013, from http://www.euractiv.com/priorities/europe-2020-green-growth-jobs-
linksdossier-280116

11. LicenseAttributionNoncommercialShare Alike Some rights reserved by Catherinette Rings
Steampunk www.flickr.com/photos/danielproulx/3983646309/sizes/o/in/photostream/
5 trends

12. 2020 EU will generate around 7 million jobs net (job creation minus job losses).
Most of them will be in knowledge and skill intensive occupations.
An increasing demand for skills is foreseeing.
CEDEFOP (2010) Skills supply and demand in Europe: medium-term forecast up to 2020. http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications/15540.aspx
LicenseAttribution Some rights reserved by paul bica
www.flickr.com/photos/dexxus/5791228117/sizes/z/in/photostream/
#1

13. LicenseAttributionNoncommercialNo Derivative Works Some rights reserved by seasonal
wanderer www.flickr.com/photos/seasonalplume/2170231091/sizes/z/in/photostream/
Cross-border of co-operation:
• Student mobility has increased significantly over the past decade.
• Global competition for international students (Chinese or Indian).
• Cross-border collaboration in research has grown (ICT) .
• International co-authored articles more than 2x over the past two decades.
OECD. (2009). Educational Research and Innovation Higher Education to 2030, Volume 2, Globalisation. OECD Publishing.
#2

14. “Tertiary qualification did not bring the
expected rewards. The chosen fields of
study were already saturated…”
“Over-schooling and under-employment
then resulted in frustration”
#3
OECD. (2013). European Union. In Education at a Glance.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Retrieved from http://www.oecd-
ilibrary.org/content/chapter/eag-2013-46-en

15. - 73 million EU adults low level of education .
- 20% of 15 year olds lack sufficient skills in reading.
(by 2020) 20% more jobs will require higher level skills.
EUR-Lex - 52012SC0374 - EN. (n.d.). text/html; charset=UTF-8. Retrieved 15 August 2013, from http://eur-
lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=SWD:2012:0374:FIN:EN:HTML
LicenseAttributionNoncommercialShare Alike Some rights reserved by Daniel*1977 www.flickr.com/photos/didmyself/4328300896/sizes/z/in/photostream/
#4

16. The EU education-training systems
and the skills mismatch:
Lack of appropriate
business/industry experience
(working environment), affecting
European industry's
competitiveness.
EUR-Lex - 52012SC0374 - EN. (n.d.). text/html; charset=UTF-8. Retrieved 15
August 2013, from http://eur-
lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=SWD:2012:0374:FIN:EN:HTML
LicenseAttributionNoncommercialShare Alike Some rights reserved by rikomatic
www.flickr.com/photos/rikomatic/5610683006/sizes/z/in/photostream/
#5

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www.flickr.com/photos/monkeyc/95165918/sizes/l/in/photostream/
10 (re)actions

18. Reducing number of low-skilled adults:
Lifelong learning services > validation of non-formal and informal learning.
European Commission (2013) Council Conclusions on investing in education and training — a response to ‘Rethinking Education: Investing in skills for better socio-economic outcomes’ and
the ‘2013 Annual Growth Survey’. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2013:064:0005:0008:EN:PDF
License Attribution NoncommercialNo Derivative Works Some rights reserved by AstridWestvang (computer problems) http://www.flickr.com/photos/astrid/3312839229/sizes/l/
#1

19. To strengthen links between education and training and the labour market.
Elements of practical training can improve the employa-bility of students.
Official Journal of the European Union (2011) Council conclusions on the role of education and training in the implementation of the ‘Europe 2020’ strategy. European Commission.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:C:2011:070:SOM:EN:HTML
License Copyright All rights reserved by BotsIQ SWPA www.flickr.com/photos/botsiqswpa/6974105258/sizes/c/in/photostream/
#2

20. Vocational education and training
(VET) systems should be the key
to strengthening countries’
capacity to deal with rapidly
changing labour-market
conditions.
LicenseAttributionSomerightsreservedbystriatic
www.flickr.com/photos/striatic/241843728/sizes/l/in/photostream/
OECD. (2013). European Union. In Education at a Glance. Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved from www.oecd-
ilibrary.org/content/chapter/eag-2013-46-en
“…to equip young people with the skills the labour market demands.”
#3

21. • World-class vocational education and training (improve vocational skills)
• Work based learning (dual learning models to help the transition).
• Promoting partnerships between public and private institutions (transversal skills)
• Promoting mobility through Erasmus for All programme
EUR-Lex - 52012SC0374 - EN. (n.d.). text/html; charset=UTF-8. Retrieved 15 August 2013, from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=SWD:2012:0374:FIN:EN:HTML
LicenseAttributionShare Alike Some rights reserved by Marion Doss www.flickr.com/photos/ooocha/2630529616/sizes/z/in/photostream/
#4
4keyareas

22. LicenseAttributionShare Alike Some rights reserved by cogdogblog
www.flickr.com/photos/cogdog/5478215570/sizes/z/in/photostream/
“the number of higher education students in the world is
expected to 4x, from around 100 M (2000) to 400 M (2030)”
• 85% of EU students are not mobile but will need international skills (‘flat world’).
• Universities need to develop international curricula, promote language skills and
expand digital learning.
EC (2013) European universities need to think global, says Commission http://ec.europa.eu/education/news/20130711_en.htm
#5

23. Effective policies to boost young people’s employability:
foundation skills and “soft” skills (teamwork, communication & negotiation)
OECD. (2013). European Union. In Education at a Glance. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/chapter/eag-2013-46-en
LicenseAttributionNoncommercialNo Derivative Works Some rights reserved by
lastbeats www.flickr.com/photos/lastbeats/2550737319/sizes/z/in/photostream/
The overall emphasis on quality assurance has started to move towards
assessing educational and labour market outcomes instead of inputs.
#6

24. Different tools and services - including recognition of qualifications, validation of non-
formal and informal learning and lifelong guidance.
This will contribute to real EU mobility where a person's knowledge, skills and
competences can be clearly understood and quickly recognised.
EUR-Lex - 52012SC0374 - EN. (n.d.). text/html; charset=UTF-8. Retrieved 15 August 2013, from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=SWD:2012:0374:FIN:EN:HTML
LicenseAttributionNoncommercialShare Alike Some rights reserved by HeyThereSpaceman.
www.flickr.com/photos/spacesuitcatalyst/536389937/sizes/z/in/photostream/
EQF, Europass, European credit transfer systems (ECTS and ECVET), the
European Skills/Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO)
#7

25. Right mix of skills [Transversal]: digital technologies, active
citizenship, creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship.
+ Strategies to deepening the understanding of lifelong learning (capacity to learn).
Official Journal of the European Union (2011) Council conclusions on the role of education and training in the implementation of the ‘Europe 2020’ strategy. European Commission.
http://eurlex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:C:2011:070:SOM:EN:HTML
LicenseAttributionNoncommercialShare Alike Some rights reserved by Ken Latham
www.flickr.com/photos/ken_latham/8070763370/sizes/c/in/photostream/
#8

26. Foster ICT-supported learning and access to high quality Open Educational Resources .
Use and create digitised contents.
European Commission (2013) Council Conclusions on investing in education and training — a response to ‘Rethinking Education: Investing in skills for better socio-economic outcomes’ and the ‘2
Annual Growth Survey’. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2013:064:0005:0008:EN:PDF
LicenseAttributionNoncommercialShare Alike Some rights reserved by giulia.forsythe www.flickr.com/photos/gforsythe/8101242745/sizes/c/in/photostream/
#9

27. EU 2020> Foster innovative capabilities, improving educational outcomes
exploiting the economic and societal benefits of a digital society.
Commission, E. (2010). Europe 2020: a strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth: communication from the Commission. Publications
Office.http://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/COMPLET%20EN%20BARROSO%20%20%20007%20-%20Europe%202020%20-%20EN%20version.pdf
In the EU less than one person in three aged 25-34 has a university
degree compared to 40% in the US and over 50% in Japan.
Attribution Some rights reserved by Dominic's pics www.flickr.com/photos/dominicspics/5582865351/sizes/z/in/photostream/
#10

28. LicenseAttribution Some rights reserved by Randy Pertiet www.flickr.com/photos/34652102@N04/5393507334/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Where is the next big thing?

29. US Education Department : Colleges can apply a "direct assessment" based on
measured "competencies" not just credit hours ("seat time“)
Field, K. (2013, March 19). Student Aid Can Be Awarded for ‘Competencies,’ Not Just Credit Hours, U.S. Says. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from
http://chronicle.com/article/Student-Aid-Can-Be-Awarded-for/137991/

30. LicenseAttributionNoncommercialShare Alike Some rights reserved by tyery1
www.flickr.com/photos/lovepotage/2656898978/sizes/z/in/photostream/
The US Education Department approved the eligibility of (Southern New
Hampshire University and Capella University) programs offering degrees
on a competency-based model
Competency-based approaches to education:
Potential benefits: shortening the time (and cost) to degree/certificate
completion, developing credentials that ease transitions between school and work.
Federal Student Assistance (FSA) (2013) Applying for Title IV Eligibility for Direct Assessment (Competency-Based) Programs. Available at ifap.ed.gov/dpcletters/GEN1310.html

31. Challenge: methodology for determining equivalencies
(between number of credit or clock hours for the program to evidences)
Direct Assessment (Competency-Based) Programs
LicenseAttributionNoncommercialNo Derivative Works Some rights reserved by theloushe
www.flickr.com/photos/theloushe/5185689247/sizes/z/in/photostream/
Rather than completing semester-long, multicredit courses, students should
demonstrate mastery of 120 competencies (i.e. “can use logic, reasoning, and
analysis to address a business problem”).
Parry, M. (2013, April 18). Competency-Based Education Advances With U.S. Approval of Program. Wired Campus. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from
http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/u-s-education-department-gives-a-boost-to-competency-based-education/43439

32. http://blog.coursera.org/post/53374336556

33. 100% blended:
augmented learning
formal-informal
online-offline
skills assessment
permanente mobility
recognition (outputs )

36. PPT ‘Europe 2020’ References:
tiny.cc/lealo

37. Nacidos para Aprender Born to Learn (Español)
www.born-to-learn.org www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Go3z4AVmbE
“humans are born to learn and are
naturally curious; learning is a
reflective activity; and that children
and particularly adolescents are
searching for meaning”
“children need learning
opportunities outside the
classroom”
“Moreover restrictive curricula
prevent the brain from developing
creativity and enterprise”.

38. http://ec.europa.eu/youthonthemove/