2. Referencing
Whenever you include a piece of information in your writing
that is not your own, you must reference the information.
You can either take a direct quote from information, or
paraphrase.
Direct quotes mean you use the exact words as the source.
You indicate a direct quote using “quotation marks”. Generally
direct quotes are used only in short sentences.
Paraphrases are used when you get the general ideas from a
source. In this instance you do NOT use “quotation marks”, but
rather, after the phrase, sentence or paragraph, you reference.
3. HARVARD SYSTEM
In-text citation is a citation of a reference immediately after
the quote or paraphrase. For example, Peter said “Cashews are
tasty” (Brown, 1992).
The in-text citation only gives the surname of the author and
the publication date. The reference list provides the rest of
the details.
The reference list provides more detail about the source of
information. The author, title, publication date and place.
Authors Surname, Christian Name Initial, (Date), ‘Title’,
Publication place.
E.G. Brown, P., (1992), ‘Cashews: The Nut for Life’, Coburg.
4. Online Sources
In-text citations remain the same for online sources as
it is with books, e.g. (Surname, publication date)
In the reference list, the format is the same as with a
book, however at the end you add the retrieval date
(that is the date you sourced the information from the
cite) and the URL.
Authors Surname, Christian Name Initial, (Date), ‘Title’,
Publication place, Date retrieved, URL
E.G. Brown, P., (1992), ‘Cashews: The Nut for Life’,
Coburg, 29/02/11, www.cashews4life.com.au
5. OXFORD SYSTEM
The Oxford System works on the same basis as the
Harvard System, however instead of in-text citations,
footnotes are used. Immediately after a quote or
paraphrase a number is placed at the end which then
corresponds to a footnote at the bottom of the page.
The footnotes are the reference to the bibliography
at the end of the paper.
The Bibliography is exactly the same as a reference
list in the Harvard System.
