1. An overview of activities in Bihar
and EUP
R.K. Malik, Ajay Kumar, Shahnawaz
Dar, and Andrew McDonald
CSISA Project

2. Bihar Hub Districts and link with
EUPH

3. EUPH Hub Districts

4. Production System
2.5
Bihar EUPH
2
1.5
t/ha
1
0.5
0
Rice Wheat Maize Rice Wheat Maize

5. Potential yield of rice- wheat
cropping system can be as high as
16.0 tones/ha

6. Hub Domain
• Population -- 25 Million
• Total No of Household -- 4 Million
• Total Sown Area -- 1.4 Million ha
• Total Cropped Area -- 1.9 Million ha
• Irrigated Area -- 1.1 Million ha

7. Partners
EUPH CBH
• Service providers
• Service providers
 ZT – 588- game changes
 ZT – 136  LLL- 7
 LLL- 8  MTUPR- 3
 MTUPR- 9  KVKs – 5
 KVKs – 7  DOA- 6- add value,
 DOA- 3 bigger audience
 SAU- 2
 SAU- 1
 ICAR, Patna
 Dealers
 IARI, Pusa
 Private sector  Dealers
 Monsanto, BCS
 Private sector
Syngenta, UPL, NFL.
 Monsanto, BCS,
 NGOs - 2 Syngenta, UPL, NFL.
 NGOs - 4

8. Challenges
•Stagnant growth
•Decline in profits
•Cycles of late planting
•Water and mechanization
holds the balance.
• Labour cost advantage
disappearing.
•Vacuum between extension
agencies and farmers and
between research and
extension
•Realignment of districts

9. Value Creation
• Direction -priority setting which is based on farmers
need and culture of implementation.
• Innovation - Working with farmers, service providers,
private entrepreneurs, women groups and NGOs e.g.
crop intensification, diversification, machine
modification etc
• Speed- Cultivate good relations with DOAs.
Facilitated purchase of machine, training of service
providers, network of service providers.
• Sustainability- Capacity building, ownership to local
players like DOAs, KVKs, SAUs, ICAR.

10. BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES-
FOLLOW UP
• Add practices designed to boost growth and development of
cereal systems.
• Late sowings make the crops ( and CA) uncompetitive and less
inputs further exhaust them and make them more
uncompetitive.
• Impact assessment need to concentrate on
DOS, Hybrids, other component technologies and
intercropping.
• Water saving- core issue is DSR but MTUPR is also highly
valued by farmers.
• Community nursery or one-to-many concept.
• It is important to understand each other needs- farmers need
for high yields and scientists need for resource conservation
as well

11. Opportunities
• DSR in lowland ecologies
• MTUPR in upland ecologies.
• MTU-7029, Swarna sub-1, Rajendra Mahsoori, Rajshree for
lowland, long duration hybrids.
• Short duration varieties/hybrids, Sahbhagi dhan for upland
irrigated/rainfed and for crop intensification.
• Replacement of long duration varieties with hybrids for
system productivity.
• Timely seeding and transplanting.
• Community nursery

12. Opportunities
• Early wheat seeding- Long duration varieties i.e.
PBW-343, 502, HD-2733, HD-2824 and Baaz
• Long duration
• ZT Wheat
• Maize Hybrids- Bed planting, Intercropping, weed
management in cropping system.
• ZT in pulses
• Crop intensification
• SSNM

13. Levels of activity and decisions in the scaling-
out stage
Technical options testing phase Scaling up
Nutrient Expert with date of sowing Scaling up -service providers, grass root
New herbicides for complex weed flora extension workers
New hybrids for intensification Scale of intervention through partners
Intercropping options especially DAOs
Support studies: Demonstrations and adaptive Joint Demos
research ( interface with BISA and Research Adoption of best management practices
platform and SAUs quantitative on-farm trials, All above under the platform of CA and best
on-farm demonstrations) management practices
Learning culture Technology promotion
Support groups for information sharing Through capacity building
Knowledge and information sharing among CA and technical interventions thorough seed
partners and inputs
Feedback into research process- Partners Dissemination materials and approach-videos
Community organizations
Reach a conclusion Capacity building and networking
Empowerment and social change Field days
Data management – yield gains, profits, Travel seminars
employment, number of farmers, benefits to SHGs and NGOs
environment, expansion in to other sectors like Community nursery
fodder quality, participatory variety selection and
intercropping options

14. MTU-7029 Hybrids

15. Priority Setting in Rice
Technical intervention Target districts Benefits
Machine transplanted rice into non-puddled All districts Cost effective and
soil improves productivity.
Directly-sown rice Lowland ecologies in Saves water and labour.
all districts
Use of herbicide mixtures for weed control All districts Reduces yield losses and
integrated with cultural techniques such as depletes weed seed bank.
stale beds
Hybrids All districts Generates 10 – 15% yield
advantage.

16. Priority Setting in Wheat
Technical intervention Target districts Benefits
Timely sowing All areas where field Yield increase of 10 – 50% over prevailing
drainage is not a constraint farmer practices.
Zero tillage All districts Substantial savings in land preparation and also,
in cases, irrigation costs. Significant yield
advantages, especially when early sowing is
facilitated.
Long duration and high All districts with more Substantial yield advantages when couple with
yielding varieties emphasis in Maharaj ganj, earlier planting (ca. 10%)
Sidharath nagar, Gorakhpur
and Kushinagar districts
Modern weed management All districts Yield enhancement, less weed seed bank, and
weed flora will change from complex weed flora
to simple weed flora.
Better-bet irrigation All districts Will increase the grain yield of wheat by 15 –
20% in many years.

17. Priority Setting in Cropping System
Technical intervention Target districts Benefits
Laser land levelling All districts Saves irrigation water and
costs; increases yield and
fertilizer use efficiencies.
Intensification through triple cropping and Maharjganj, Sidharth nagar in 300% cropping intensity is
inter-cropping EUPH and Begusarai, possible where irrigation
Samastipur and Vaisalli in CBH permits.
Bed planting Basti, Deoria, Kushinagar, East Resource use efficiency and
Champaran, in EUPH and income enhancement..
Begusarai, Samastipur ,
Lakhisarai, Vaisalli in Bihar
Site-specific nutrient management All districts Can result in 15 – 25%
yield increase over FP and
state recommendations
Zero tillage lentil Mokana tall areas, Nawada in Permits cropping in
CBH and East/West Champaran previously fallow areas.
in EUPH

18. Strategy

19. TEN POINT PROGRAM (TPP)
Targets
Interventions Gains Area%
1. Laser Land Levelling Water 05
2. Early Transplanting –MTUPR/ community nursery Yield 05
3. Power tillers based ZT machines Yield 05
4. Conventional Till Direct seeded Rice (CTDSR) Water 02
5. Hybrid rice with less N-use Profits 15
6. Area expansion in Kharif and spring maize Water 02
7. Intercropping with Rabi Maize, summer moong and ZT
soybean Profits 10
8. Yield premium -Early wheat sowings Yield 15
Sustaina
9. Zero tillage wheat and lentil-Residues bility 10
10. Yield premium-Long duration wheat varieties Yield 25

20. FIVE POINT PROGRAM- CAPACITY BUILDING
( FPP-CP)
Interventions
• Women farmers in agriculture
• Augment employability of skilled
workers with service providers
• Capacity building- TOT, PG
students, Interns
• Training of farmers-training
camps, travel seminars
• Ecosystem for entrepreneurships-
Tools and machinery, seeds and
inputs

21. Let’s close the yield gaps

22. THANKS

23. Direct seeded rice (DSR), Machine transplanted unpuddled
rice (MTUPR) and puddled transplanted rice (PTR)
Performance of 3 popular varieties under Pooled analysis (2010 &
DSR, MTUPR and PTR - 2011 2011)
9
8
Establish Paddy
7
ment Yield No. of
6 method t/ha Demos. Std. Deviation
Paddy yield(t/ha)
5
DSR
5.322 563 .8325
4
MTUPR
3
6.776 145 1.2101
2
PTR
1
5.162 43 .6128
0
BPT-5204 MTU-7029 Sarju-52 Average
5.594 751 1.0760
DSR MTUPR PTR

24. Performance of hybrids and varieties in MTUPR
and DSR in EUP
10 8
9 MTUPR DSR
7
8
6
7
5
Paddy Yield (t/ha)
Paddy Yield(t/ha)
6
5 4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0 0
Varieties/Hybrids
Varieties/Hybrids

25. Date of sowing/ transplanting
(Pooled analysis 2010 & 11)
Direct Seeded Rice Machine transplanted unpuddled rice
Paddy yield No. of
Transplanting Paddy yield No. of
Sowing date (t/ha) demos. Std. Deviation
date (t/ha) demos. Std. Deviation
10-20 May
5.895 17 .3592 1-10 June
7.059 10 1.2394
20-31 May
5.817 110 .6002 11-20 June
7.216 40 1.0100
1-10 June
5.269 214 .8299
21-30 June
6.764 44 .8330
11-20 June
5.102 177 .8423
1-10 July
21-30 June 6.524 38 1.2443
5.039 40 .8630
11-20 July
1-10 July 6.137 12 2.0750
4.755 2 .5020
21-31 July
11-20 July 4.150 1 .
4.900 3 .7937
Average Average
5.322 563 .8325 6.776 145 1.2101

26. Polynomial relationship between sowing
time and grain yield of wheat under ZT and
CT
ZT CT

27. Effect of irrigation and residue
retention on wheat yield under ZT
Wheat Wheat
Yield No. of Residue Yield No. of
irrigations (t/ha) demos. Std. Deviation Management (t/ha) demos. Std. Deviation
One irrigation Without residue
3.7447 17 .78752
4.3600 1 .
Two irrigations
3.8166 61 .81074
Full residue
Three irrigations 5.1907 15 .29456
4.2350 20 1.03204
Four irrigations Partially burnt
5.4967 3 .08145
4.8738 8 .25729
Five irrigations
5.5620 5 .41919
Total
Total 5.0504 24 .34259
4.0139 106 .94354

28. Multiple Land Use- Brassica- spring
maize and rice
200% Maize Hybrids + Intercrop Maize equivalent
300% cropping cropping yield (t/ha)
intensity intensity
$/ha $/ha
Pinnacle + Cauliflower 10.8
A. Gross Revenue 3732.18 2711.111 Pinnacle + Mustard+ Sesame+
Coriander 11.9
Land preparation 221.511 46.66667
Crop establishment 176.978 149.4444 Pinnacle+ Mustard +Cauliflower 13.4
Fertilizer costs 193 173.3333
Pinnacle+ Mustard* 8.5
Plant Protection costs 143.333 108.8889
Proagro-4640+Chickpea 7.4
Irrigation costs 320 248.8889
Harvesting expenditure 208 191.1111 Proagro-4640+Mustard 7.5
Land rent 555.556 555.5556
Proagro-4640+Mustard 7.1
Interest on Capital 179.4 131.3778
Proagro-4640+Pea 7.3
B. Total cost 1997.78 1605.267
Net Return (A-B) 1734.4 1105.844 900M Gold + Cauliflower 16.9