23 25 jan 2013 csisa kathmandu agro-advisory services surabhi
23 25 jan 2013 csisa kathmandu ph assessment bihar al schmidley
1. Cereal Systems Initiative
for South Asia (CSISA)
Coordination Meeting
Postharvest Assessment:
Initial Findings and Recommendations for Bihar
Alfred Schmidley, Business Model and Value Chain Specialist, IRRI
Aanand Kumar, Postharvest & Business Models, CIMMYT
Himalaya Hotel, Kathmandu, Nepal
Jan 23-25, 2013
3. Purpose – Why Postharvest?
1. Enhance household food security through
reduction of postharvest losses.
2. Increase incomes of farmers and other PH actors.
3. Other direct and indirect social and economic
benefits (e.g., reduced drudgery, improved health,
time available to other activities, education, etc.)
4. Measuring Postharvest “Yield Gaps”
1. How much more rice can we get from a farmers’ harvest?
2. How much more money can be put in a farmer/s pocket
Physical losses 15-25% in traditional postharvest chain in SE Asia
Cutting, handling Manual threshing Sun drying Open storage Village milling Small retailers
1-5% 1-5% 3-5% 5-10% 20-30%
Crop Quality losses resulting in 10-30% loss in value Consumption
Machine threshing Combine harvesting Mechanical drying Sealed storage Commercial milling
Large retailers
1-5% 1-5% 1-2% 1-2% 5-30%
Physical losses in mechanized postharvest chain
5. Initial Goals:
Postharvest Assessment for Bihar and Odisha
1. Map chain actors, identify entry points for improved PH
technologies, and evaluate potential local partners for
initial “rolling start” activities.
2. Demonstrate effective use of “rapid” chain assessment
techniques (to complement other social science tools &
methods)
3. Draft Activity Plan to be used as a “living document” and
status report for implementing postharvest activities with
local partners.
6. Key Findings: Poor & Marginal Farmers
Postharvest Operations PH Systems Issues
1. Manual harvesting 1. Lack of awareness of losses
2. Field drying (2-12 days) and access to remediation
options.
3. Bundling (and transport)
2. Rice grown primarily for home
4. Manual threshing (7-30 days) consumption, 50%(?) fall short
5. Sun-drying (roads, roofs, 3. Cropping intensification & labor
courtyards) shortages result in increasingly
6. Little/no storage capacity severe chain bottlenecks
(paddy) 4. Women are predominantly
7. Poor milling quality & head represented in household level
rice recovery processing.
7. Manual Harvesting
•High cost and insufficient
labour
•Difficulty harvesting on time
•Exposure to the elements
•Preventable physical & quality
losses
15. Contract Threshing for Wheat
Keys questions:
•What factor lead to wheat being 100% mechanically threshed? (1 of 10 bags service fee)
•Why not paddy?
•Will contractors be willing to offer similar services for paddy to farmers at a similar rate?
•Will farmers pay for these services at this same approximate cost?
•Where to pilot and test these options for verification? With whom?
22. Postharvest Chain
To minimize losses along the chain rice
must be...
• Harvested at the correct MC
• Threshed in the correct manner
• Dried at the correct
temperature, drying rate and to
the correct moisture content
• Properly cleaned
• Stored securely, and
• Milled efficiently
23. Recommendations and Next Steps
1. Continue with rapid PH chain assessment in Bihar
2. Commence PH assessment in Odisha using demonstrated
rapid chain assessment techniques.
3. Pilot mechanical threshing options with select farmers’
clubs and SHGs using various actor and business model
configurations for study, verifying, and informing scaling
out strategies.
4. Develop postharvest Activity Plan for detailing next steps,
activities with potential partners, other ideas and input, for
use as a “living document” & tool.
24. Recommendations and Next Steps ….
4. Don’t spread ourselves too thin. Focus on a few key
activities first, capture/share lessons, and expand to scale.
5. Work with counterparts in extension (materials, training
modules), social science (documentation, M&E, gender)
and needs specific identified needs of target groups and
channel partners.
6. Share learning, outcomes, applied tools on business
models (e.g., “Business Model Discussion Group”?) to
promote critical thinking and discussion on research for
delivery using business model approaches.
Loss kehilangan Postharvest losses kehilangan pasca panen Quality loss kehilangan kualitas Quantity loss kehilangan kuantitas To Weigh menimbang The weight berat Quality mutu, kualitas Quantity kuantitas
