2016 D-STOP Symposium ("Smart Cities") session by FutureWei Technologies of Huawei's Murali Narasimha. Get symposium details: http://ctr.utexas.edu/research/d-stop/education/annual-symposium/

1. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
The Connected Car
Impact on Wireless Communication
Murali Narasimha
Senior Staff Engineer
Huawei Technologies

2. Driving today
• Traffic Congestion in the US±
› 6.9 billion hours stuck in traffic
› Extra 3 billion gallons of fuel
• Accidents±±
› Over 37,000 people die in road crashes each year in the US (1.3
million worldwide)
› Road crashes cost $230.6 billion per year in the US, or about $820
per person per year
• Traffic tickets
› 78 people get a speeding ticket every minute
Congested Roads and Infrastructure that are not keeping up
Not much room for (human) driver behavior improvement
±2015 Urban Mobility Scorecard, Texas A&M Transportation Institute
±± Association for Safe International Road Travel

3. Driving Automation Trends
• Semi-autonomous Driving
Arrives, Feature by Feature±
– Adaptive Cruise control
– Emergency braking
– Blind spot detection
– Lane drift detection
– Drowsy driver warning
• Commercially available:
– “Autopilot” - Tesla
– “Pilot Assist” for Traffic jams –
Volvo
– “Active safety” – Audi
– “Super Cruise” – Cadillac
– ...
± The New York Times, April 2015

4. Connecting Cars for Safety and better
traffic management
“It’s important for safety and
functionality that car-makers
move to a connected
philosophy … It’s kind of odd
to have a computing device
that’s not connected.” – Elon
Musk

5. Improving Safety – an example
Avoiding collision requires:
1. Detecting approaching
vehicles, pedestrians
2. Determining likelihood of
collision
3. Providing timely message
to vehicles of impending
collision
Sensors (Cameras, Radar
etc) and communication
equipment needed at or
near intersection.

6. Improving Traffic Flow – an Example
• Each vehicle requests
permission to enter
• Server checks for
possible collisions
• Accepts if no
collisions; rejects
otherwise.
Illustration from: Autonomous intersection management project, UT Austin

7. Applications enabled by Connectivity
• Seeing through large vehicle
• Seeing past curve
• Bird’s eye view
• Cooperative Collision
Avoidance
• Automated Overtake
Robust communication
between vehicles and
Infrastructure is needed

8. Infotainment – Living room on wheels
• With or without automation,
vehicles increasingly demand
high bandwidth
communication
– Entertainment
– Mobile office
– Augmented reality

9. The Infrastructure perspective: What
is different about connected cars?
• High Data rates and support of high mobility
for dense populations of vehicles
– Applications demand high data rate (See
through, Birds eye view, Infotainment)
– Very high proportion of fast moving connected
devices that are often densely packed
• Need for very short communication latency
– Safety applications rely on fast communication to
make life saving decisions

10. Shortcomings of current technologies
• Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)± ±±
– CSMA/CA does not perform well when load increases
• Cannot guarantee reliability and low latency
– Hidden nodes can be a major problem for vehicles moving in urban
settings
– Difficult to synchronize access points
• Results in inter-cell interference
– Security and authentication require separate (new) infrastructure
• LTE Macro Cellular deployment
– Difficult to support consistently high data rates demanded
– Difficult to meet communication latency requirements
– Precise positioning of vehicles in urban settings is difficult
• LTE Proximity Services (ProSe)
– Difficult to guarantee reliable connectivity when both end-points can be
moving
– Insufficient discovery speed to address some scenarios (e.g., vehicles
approaching an intersection from different directions in an urban canyon)
±“Novel issues in DSRC Vehicular Communication Radios,” Y. Morgan, IEEE Canadian Review, Spring 2010.
±± “An Overview of the DSRC/WAVE Technology,” Y. Li, DSRC 2010, Huston, TX, USA, November 17-19, 2010.

11. Connected Cars and 5G
• One ring to rule connect them all
– 5G will be a wireless technology that supports a wide
range of vertical industries

12. (Chatty) Autonomous Vehicles
“The autonomous car doesn't
drink, doesn't do drugs, doesn't
text while driving, doesn't get
road rage. Young, autonomous
cars don't want to race other
autonomous cars, and they
don't go to sleep.” – Bob Lutz,
GM.
• Communication can enable sharing of sensor and other information (“Seeing with many
eyes”)
• Communication infrastructure can be placed with transportation infrastructure (e.g., traffic
lights) along with sensors (cameras, radar etc)
– Less reliance on hard to generate 3D maps
– More accurate positioning of vehicles
– Reduced sensor burden at vehicles… less $$
– Better traffic flow
“… our goal was a vehicle that could shoulder the
entire burden of driving. Vehicles that can take
anyone from A to B at the push of a button could
transform mobility for millions of people, whether
by reducing the 94 percent of accidents caused by
human error, reclaiming the billions of hours
wasted in traffic, or bringing everyday destinations
and new opportunities within reach of those who
might otherwise be excluded by their inability to
drive a car.” – Chris Urmson, Google.

13. Summary
• Automation in driving is already
happening
– Motivated by improved safety
• Fully automated driving with
efficient traffic flow management is
the holy grail
– But automation will occur in phases
leading to full automation
– Each successive phase needs more
communication capabilities
• A New generation of Wireless
Communications Technologies and
Deployments are needed to meet
the demands
– Deeper integration of
communication and transportation
infrastructure

14. Thank You!