Maria Emilia Masci, Scuola Normale Superiore, Linked Open Data (LOD): Un’Opportunità per il Patrimonio Culturale Digitale, Roma, ICCU, 29 novembre 2013

1. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali:
alcuni progetti e casi di studio
Maria Emilia Masci (Scuola Normale Superiore) – e.masci@sns.it
Linked Open Data (LOD):
Un’Opportunità per il Patrimonio Culturale Digitale
Roma, ICCU, 29 novembre 2013

2. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali: alcuni progetti e casi di studio
I 4 Principi dei Linked Data:
1.Use URIs as names for
things.
2.Use HTTP URIs so that
people can look up those
names.
3.When someone looks up a
URI, provide useful
information, using the
standards (RDF, SPARQL).
4.Include links to other URIs.
so that they can discover more
things.
Tim Berners-Lee -- Linked Data
TED 2009 conference, "The Great Unveiling" in Long Beach, CA. USA, 4, Feb 2009
Video: http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web.html
Slides: http://www.w3.org/2009/Talks/0204-ted-tbl/
e.masci@sns.it

3. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali: alcuni progetti e casi di studio
Linked Open Data (LOD) is Linked Data which is released under an open licence,
which does not impede its reuse for free.
Sistema di valutazione a stelle per i LOD:
★ Available on the web (whatever format) but
with an open licence, to be Open Data
★★ Available as machine-readable structured
data (e.g. excel instead of image scan of a table)
★★★ as (2) plus non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV
instead of excel)
★★★★ All the above plus, Use open standards
from W3C (RDF and SPARQL) to identify things,
so that people can point at your stuff
★★★★★ All the above, plus: Link your data to
other people’s data to provide context
Tim Berners-Lee -- Is Your Linked Open Data 5 Star?
Linked Data - Design Issues, 2006 (Added 2010):
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
e.masci@sns.it

4. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali: alcuni progetti e casi di studio
La Nuvola dei LOD:
September 2011
Linking Open Data Cloud Diagram by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch: http://lod-cloud.net/
e.masci@sns.it

5. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali: alcuni progetti e casi di studio
Stato della Nuvola dei LOD per Dominio Topico (settembre 2011):
da: C. Bizer, A. Jentzsch, R. Cyganiak, State of the LOD Cloud - Version 0.3, 09/19/2011:
http://lod-cloud.net/state/
e.masci@sns.it

6. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali: alcuni progetti e casi di studio
Dati Cross-Domain:
DBPedia - http://dbpedia.org
DBpedia.org is a community effort to extract structured information from
Wikipedia and to make this information available on the Web.
Freebase - http://freebase.com/
Freebase is an open database of the world’s information: a communitycurated database of well-known people, places and things.
YAGO - http://yago-knowledge.org/
YAGO2s is a huge semantic knowledge base, derived from Wikipedia
WordNet and GeoNames. Currently it contains more than 10 million entities
(persons, organizations, cities, etc.) more than 120 million facts.
UMBEL - http://umbel.org/
Umbel is a lightweight, reference structure of 28,000 subject concepts for
the Web. It is a broad, general reference structure of 25,000 concepts and a
base vocabulary for the construction of other ontologies.
OpenCyc - http://sw.opencyc.org/
OpenCyc is a rich and diverse collection of real-world concepts for the
semantic web.
e.masci@sns.it

7. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali: alcuni progetti e casi di studio
Dati Geografici:
Geonames - http://www.geonames.org/
GeoNames covers all countries and contains over eight million
placenames that are available for download free of charge.
LinkedGeoData - http://linkedgeodata.org/
LinkedGeoData uses the information collected by the OpenStreetMap
project and makes it available as an RDF knowledge base according
to the Linked Data principles.
GeoWordNet - http://geowordnet.semanticmatching.org/
GeoWordNet is a semantic resource built from the full integration of
WordNet, GeoNames and the Italian part of MultiWordNet. Contains
3,698,238 entities and 334 concepts.
TGN - http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/tgn/
… Coming soon (2014)
e.masci@sns.it

8. http://www.geonames.org/

9. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali: alcuni progetti e casi di studio
Dominio Culturale – Vocabolari | Thesauri | Authority files:
VIAF - http://viaf.org/
The VIAF™ (Virtual International Authority File) combines multiple name
authority files into a single OCLC-hosted name authority service.
LC Linked Data Service | Authorities and Vocabularies - http://id.loc.gov/
The Linked Data Service provides access to commonly found standards and
vocabularies promulgated by the Library of Congress.
Dewey Decimal Classification / Linked Data - http://dewey.info/
Dewey.info is an experimental space for linked DDC data. The intention of the
dewey.info prototype is to be a platform for Dewey data on the Web.
Iconclass as LOD - http://www.iconclass.org/help/lod
ICONCLASS is made available under the Open Database License in SKOS/RDF or
JSON. The service makes available for the download the raw data in RDF triples.
BNCF Nuovo Soggettario - THESAURUS - http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/
Il Nuovo soggettario è uno strumento per l'indicizzazione per soggetto di
risorse di varia natura, realizzato a cura della Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di
Firenze.
e.masci@sns.it

10. http://viaf.org/

11. http://id.loc.gov/

12. http://dewey.info/

13. http://www.iconclass.org/help/lod

14. http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/

15. http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/lod/

16. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali: alcuni progetti e casi di studio
Progetti e casi di studio – Musei | Biblioteche | Archivi:
British Museum Semantic Web Collection Online
http://collection.britishmuseum.org/
The British Museum Linked Data and SPARQL service provides access to
the same collection records available through the Museum's Collection
Online but in a computer readable format. The use of RDF allows the
Museum's collection data to join and relate to a growing body of linked
data published by other organisations.
data.bnf.fr - http://data.bnf.fr/
The project has to be placed in the context of our move towards open
data. BNF provides a display of data in RDF for every page and for the
whole database. Data.bnf.fr is carried out in the context of the recent
evolutions of bibliographic description, by experimenting and adapting the
FRBR (Functional requirements for Bibliographic Records) model,
elaborated by IFLA (International Federation for Library Associations).
ReLoad - http://labs.regesta.com/progettoReload/
ReLoad (Repository for Linked Open Archival Data) è un progetto realizzato
dall’Archivio Centrale dello Stato, dall’Istituto per i Beni culturali
dell’Emilia-Romagna e da regesta.exe per sperimentare le metodologie del
semantic web e le tecnologie standard per i linked open data.

17. http://collection.britishmuseum.org/

18. http://data.bnf.fr/

19. http://labs.regesta.com/progettoReload/

20. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali: alcuni progetti e casi di studio
Progetti e casi di studio – Portali e Aggregatori culturali
CLAROS data - http://data.clarosnet.org/
CLAROS began in 2000 as CLassical Art Research Online Services with
Europe’s leading research centres for the art of ancient Greece and Rome
(universities of Oxford, Cologne and Paris). It is an international research
collaboration, using the latest ICTies to enable simultaneous searching of
major collections in research institutes and museums.
data.europeana.eu - http://data.europeana.eu/
The current version of the pilot project data.europeana.eu, started in
February 2012, contains metadata on 20 million texts, images, videos and
sounds gathered by Europeana and licensed under CC0-Public Domain
Dedication under the terms of DEA-Data Exchange Agreement. The data is
represented in the Europeana Data Model (EDM).
dati.culturaitalia.it - http://dati.culturaitalia.it/
Progetto pilota che contiene set di open data aggregati in CulturaItalia e
rilasciati con licenza CC0-Public Domain Dedication. Attualmente il servizio
rende accessibili in vari formati (CIDOC, EDM, PICO, DC) i dati di:
Accademia S. Cecilia, Progetto ArtPast, Digibess, ICCU, Internet Culturale,
Michael Italia, Polo Museale Fiorentino, Regione Marche e Anagrafe delle
Biblioteche Italiane, oltre al Thesaurus Pico (SKOS).

21. http://data.clarosnet.org/

22. http://data.europeana.eu/

23. www.dati.culturaitalia.it/

24. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali: alcuni progetti e casi di studio
Progetti e casi di studio – Riuso dei dati nella Ricerca e Divulgazione
MultimediaN N9C Eculture project - http://e-culture.multimedian.nl/
The project developed a set of e-culture demonstrators providing multimedia
access to distributed collections of cultural heritage objects. The demonstrators
typically focus on collections subsets to demonstrate the use of semantic
interoperability, semantic information access and visualization, and contextspecific presentation generation.
Research Space. A Digital Wunderkammer - http://www.researchspace.org/
ResearchSpace is an Andrew W. Mellon Foundation funded project aimed at
supporting collaborative internet research, information sharing and web
applications for the cultural heritage scholarly community.
Mapping the Republic of Letters - http://republicofletters.stanford.edu/
The project, developed by Stanford Humanities Center in collaboration with
international partners, seeks to represent the networks of correspondence and
the social networks among scholars during the 18° century through the
development of sophisticated, interactive visualization tools. It also aims to
create a repository for metadata on early-modern scholarship, and guidelines
for future data capture.
e.masci@sns.it

25. http://e-culture.multimedian.nl/demo/session/search

26. http://www.researchspace.org/

27. http://republicofletters.stanford.edu/

28. I Linked Open Data nei Beni Culturali:
alcuni progetti e casi di studio
Grazie per l’attenzione ☺ !
Maria Emilia Masci (Scuola Normale Superiore) – e.masci@sns.it