Group 5 in PSYC in the topic of DRUGS & Consciousness

2. GROUP 5

3. Psychology

4. Drugs
and
Consciousness

6. DRUGS
-any substance, natural or artificial, other
than food, that by its chemical or physical
nature alters structure or function in the
living organism.
Consciousness
- refers to our awareness of
sensations, thoughts, and other
internal processes.

7. 7
Drugs and Consciousness…
Psychoactive Drug:
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and
mood.

8. Addiction & Dependence

9. Addiction
Addiction is a brain disease
identified by components of
physical and psychological
dependence.

10. 10
Addiction & Dependence…
tolerance - the power
of enduring the action of
the drug.
- is one aspect of
physical dependence.

11. Withdrawal & Dependence
Withdrawal is a term referring to the feelings of
discomfort, distress, and intense craving for a
substance that occur when use of the substance is
stopped.
Dependence Absence of a drug may lead to a
feeling of physical pain, intense cravings and
negative emotions.

12. 12
Misconceptions About Addiction
1. Addictive drugs quickly corrupt.
2. Addiction cannot be overcome voluntarily.
3. Addiction is no different than repetitive
pleasure-seeking behaviors.

13. Types
of
Psychoactive Drugs

14. 14
Psychoactive drugs are divided into three groups.
1. Depressants
2. Stimulants
3. Hallucinogens

15. Depressants
Depressants are drugs that reduce neural activity
and slow body functions. They include:
A. Alcohol
B. Barbiturates
C. Opiates

16. 16
Depressants…
A. Alcohol affects motor skills, judgment, and
memory.
Drinking and Driving
DanielHommer,NIAAA,NIH,HHS
RayNg/Time&LifePictures/GettyImages

17. Why do college students drink?
1. Increases sociability
2. Relieves anxiety or tension
3. Feel elated or euphoric
4. Less inhibited
5. Can go along with friends
6. Different state of consciousness
7. Sexual inhibition
8. Stops worrying
9. Alleviates depression
10. Less self-conscious

18. 18
Depressants…
B. Barbiturates: Drugs that depress the activity of
the central nervous system, reducing anxiety
but impairing memory and judgment.
Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal are some
examples.

19. Depressants …
C. Opiates
-they are highly
addictive
-temporarily
lessening pain and
anxiety.

20. 20
Stimulants
Stimulants are drugs that excite neural activity and
speed up body functions. Examples of stimulants
are:
1. Caffeine
2. Nicotine
3. Cocaine
4. Ecstasy
5. Amphetamines
6. Methamphetamines

21. 21
2. Stimulants: Caffeine & Nicotine
A & B. Caffeine and nicotine increase heart and
breathing rates and other autonomic functions to
provide energy.
http://www.tech-res-intl.com
http://office.microsoft.com/clipart

22. 22
2. Stimulants:
Why Do People Smoke?
1. People smoke because it is socially rewarding.
2. Smoking is also a result of genetic factors.
RusselEinhorn/TheGammaLiasonNetwork

23. 23
2. Stimulants: Why Do People
Smoke?
3. Nicotine takes away
unpleasant cravings
4. Nicotine itself is
rewarding (positive
reinforcement).

24. 24
2. Stimulants
C. Cocaine
Cocaine induces immediate euphoria followed by a crash.
Crack, a form of cocaine, can be smoked. Other forms of
cocaine can be sniffed or injected.
http://www.ohsinc.com

25. 25
2. Stimulants:
D. Ecstasy
Ecstasy or
Methylenedioxymethamphet
amine (MDMA) is a
stimulant and mild
hallucinogen. It produces a
euphoric high and can
damage serotonin-producing
neurons, which results in a
permanent deflation of mood
and impairment of memory.
GregSmith/APPhotos

26. 26
3. Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are
psychedelic (mind-
manifesting) drugs that
distort perceptions and
evoke sensory images in
the absence of sensory
input.
RonaldK.Siegel

27. 3. Hallucinogens: Names of Drugs
• Acid, Peyote, Mighty Quinn, Mescal, Ibogaine,
Window Panes, MDMA, Gelatin, Pearly Gates,
Owsley Acid, Mind Detergent, Bufotenine, California
Triple Dip, Sandoz’s, Sunshine, Lysergic Acid
Diethylamide, Mescaline, Cube, Salvia Divinorum,
Blue Cheers, Vacation, Hawk, LSD, Wedding Bells,
Adams, Phenethylamines, Psilocybin Analogs, Brown
Dot, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, Strawberries,
Blotter, Pink Wedge, Psilocybin, Mushrooms,
‘Shrooms, Ayahuasca, and other names.

28. 3. Hallucinogens: Meth

29. 29
After a close brush with
death, many people
report an experience of
moving through a dark
tunnel with a light at the
end. Under the influence
of hallucinogens, others
report bright lights at
the center of their field
of vision.
3. Hallucinogens: Near-Death
Experiences
(From“Hallucinations”byR.K.Siegel.Copyright
©1977ScientificAmerican,Inc.Allrightsreserved.)

30. Influence for Drug Prevention
and Treatment
1.Education about the long-term
costs
2.Efforts to boost people’s self-
esteem and purpose
3.Attempts to modify peer
associations and teaching
refusal skills

31. Drugs Make you Ugly!

33. 33
Drugs
Summary

34. 34
Thank you for listening!

35. Group 5
Clavecilla, AppleKaren
Marbella, Joel F.
Cuaresma, John Paul E.
Cuaresma, Richard E.
Espalita,Cymon Jerick